mandalay monestry computer - shwepyithar...mandalay monestry computer - shwepyithar

Mandalay Monestry Computer - Shwepyithar

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Ä ruRrf;usifu? jyKorQ? ysuf&qkH;& jzpfwwfonf/

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Ä uRrf;usifygrS? jyKorQ? rkcstvG,fNyD;Edkifonf/

trSKudpö? [lorQü? ESpf0usdK;jypf? pdppfazG&Sm? aocsmaphik? Munfh½I qifjcif? rjyKjyifbJ? tvsifpvdk? jyKvkyfvdkí? uHudkomcs? ur® óum?

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rkcstrSefom/ /

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Ä


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7/ EdkifiHwum A[kokw r&Sdjcif;/


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atmifjrifrSK? ratmifjrifrSKudk y&dowf tenf;trsm; wpfckwnf;jzifh wdkif;wmí r&EdkifaMumif; xif&Sm;\/ y&dowfrsm; aomif; ESifhcsDNyD;

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- 5 -

&,ljcif;ESifh ay;qyfjcif;wdkUwGif ay;qyfjcif;ü aysmf arGYolonfom wu,fholawmfaumif; jzpfonf/&,ljcif;ESifh ay;qyfjcif;wdkUwGif ay;qyfjcif;ü aysmf arGYolonfom wu,fholawmfaumif; jzpfonf/&,ljcif;ESifh ay;qyfjcif;wdkUwGif ay;qyfjcif;ü aysmf arGYolonfom wu,fholawmfaumif; jzpfonf/&,ljcif;ESifh ay;qyfjcif;wdkUwGif ay;qyfjcif;ü aysmf arGYolonfom wu,fholawmfaumif; jzpfonf/&,ljcif;ESifh ay;qyfjcif;wdkUwGif ay;qyfjcif;ü aysmf arGYolonfom wu,fholawmfaumif; jzpfonf/

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b0[lí wpfb0rQ r&SdcJhay/

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- 6 -

&SifjyKyGJrSm ZmwfyGJqdkif;yGJudk q,fodef;avmuf tukefcH wJh tvSL&Sif[m? Ak'¨bmomxJu 'ku©a&mufaeol wpfa,muftwGuf

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rsm;udk OD;pm;ay;oifhMuNyDjzpf\/

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a&mufzl;Mu\/ rnfolrQ tyg;aph r&Sdcdk;EdkifMu/ tvSMunfhNyD;om jyefMu&\/

½kyfyGm;wpfqlvQif tenf;qkH; okH;odef;cefY ukefus\/ tql wpfaxmifqdkvQif aiGodef;aygif; okH;axmifukefus\/

xdk½kyfyGm;wpfaxmif onf qGrf;awmfa&awmfuyfrnfholr&Sd? trdk;tumr&Sdaom vGifwD;acgif wGif rdk;xJa&xJ onftwdkif;yif


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oDwif;okH;Mu&\/ q,fESpfyif rMumygacs? ½kyfyGm;awmfrsm;onf rdk;'Pf? ae'PfaMumifh ysufpD;oGm;&\/

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tr&yl&NrdKU? r[m*E¨m½kH q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;qdkvQif wefaqmif; wpfckwGif oyÜg,faom ½kyfyGGm;wpfqlom xm;oifhaMumif;?

xdkYtwl ausmif;wdkufBuD;wpfckwGifvnf; ½kyfyGm;awmf wpfqlom xm;oifhaMumif; Mo0g'ay;awmf rlcJh\/

q&mawmf\ ausmif;wdkufwGifvnf; *E¨uk#Dwdkuf ausmif; BuD; wpfausmif;wGifom ½kyfyGm;awmfwpfql xm;&Sdonf/ usefonfh

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awmfrsm; wdk;wdk;vmoavmuf Ak'bmomuav;rsm; avsmhavsmhoGm; onfudk Ak'bmom &[ef;&Sifvlwdkif; txl;owd jyKoifhvS\/

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&SdrJhESifh wnfaxmifjcif;jzpf\/ ausmif;aqmifopfrsm; aqmuf&jcif;? vpOfq&mç q&mrrsm;udk vpmay;&jcif;? ausmif;tdyfausmif;pm;

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vSLNyD qdkvQif avmutwGuf wu,f tusdK;&Sdrnfh ae&m? omoemtwGuf wu,f tusdK;&Sdrnfh ae&mrsm;wGifom ykHívSLonf/

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a&;ygrnf/ usefokH;ckudk ]]tompHjcif;ESifh temcHjcif;}} pmtkyfü qufvuf a&;rnf jzpf\/

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1988 ckESpf0ef;usifuyif jzpf\/ axmufBuHUrS temBuD; a&m*gonfrsm;? pDrHcsufwpfckaMumifh &efukefwdkif;? vSnf;ul;NrdKUe,f?

r&rf;acsmif;&Gm[k wGifvmrnfh awmeufBuD;xJodkY tpkvdkuftNyHKvdkuf a&mufvmMuonf/ tdrfaxmifpkaygif; &Spf&mcefY? vlOD;a& &Spfaxmif

cefY &Sdonf/ a&m*gonfrsm;onf vufwdk ajcwdkrsm; jzpfaomaMumifh awmif;&rf;pm;aomufum olwpfyg;udk rSDcdk&olrsm;om jzpf\/

xdkYaMumifh pkaqmif;xm;onfh aiGr&SdMuaomaMumifh xdkawmxJ wGif olwdkYtwGuf aep&mtdrfrSm opfyifESifh NcHKykwfrsm;om/

pm;p&mum; awGY&mtoD;t&GufESifh rQpfrsm;om jzpf\/ NrdKUay:wufí awmif;pm; &atmifuvnf; vSnf;ul;NrdKUonf olwdkY&GmESifh

rdkifESpfq,fausmf a0;\/ vufwdkajcwdk a&m*gonfrsm; rnfonfhenf;jzifh oGm;a&mufEdkifyg rnfenf;/


- 8 -

aEGrdk;aqmif; okH;&moDvkH; opfyifatmufwGif ae&jcif;aMumifh iSufzsm;a&m*g jzpfjcif;? tpma&pm jywfvyfjcif;wdkYaMumifh a&m*gonf

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avmufudkom r&rf;acsmif;&GmodkY vmvSLMurnfqdkvQif tjypfrJhaom a&m*gonf av;&mcefYwdkY aoqkH;&vdrfhrnf r[kwfay/

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wm0ef,lydkYay;Mu\/

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ul;pufwwfaom a&m*gcsif;twlwl wDbDa&m*gonfrsm;udk wef;wl&nfwl qufqHNyD; temBuD;a&m*gonfrsm;usrS


- 9 -

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tb,fhaMumifh jyefívuf rcHMuoenf;/

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a&mufMu&&Sm\/

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- 10 -

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- 11 -

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Ä Ä Ä


- 12 -

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(urÇmhtcsrf;omqkH; oHrPdola|;BuD; tif'½l;umeuf*sD)

ÄÄÄ


- 13 -

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pm;olrsm;onf BuD;yGm;csrf;oma&;vrf;udk ydwfqdkYaponf[k pGyfpGJ a&;om;Mu\/ þodkY a&;om;jcif;onf Ak'¨\ "r®a'oemrsm;udk

aocsmravhvmrdaomaMumifh jzpf\/

Ak'onf tEkt&ifh rcGJbJ awGUorQvlwdkif;udk tedpöç'ku©çtewå csnf; a[mMum;aeonf r[kwfay/ EkvQif Ekaomw&m;? &ifhvQif

&ifhaomw&m;udk tmo,mEko,ÓPfjzifhMunfhum cGJjcm;a[mMum; ay;avh&Sd\/ þ'kwd,tcef;ü Ak'ñTefjyonfh BuD;yGm;csrf;omaMumif;

orÜ'gw&m;av;yg;udk azmfjyrnf jzpf\/

þ orÜ'gw&m;av;yg;udk Ak'onf t*FkwdÅK&fygVdawmf? ]t|ued ygwf? 'DCZmPkokwf}ü a[mMum;awmfrlcJh\/

tcgwpfyg; bk&m;&Sifonf aumvd,wdkif;twGif;&Sd uuú&ywå trnf&Sd ed*kH;&GmBuD;ü oDwif;okH; w&m;jyawmfrl\/ Ak'vufxufu

NrdKUtjzpf? &Gmtjzpf? ed*kH;tjzpf owfrSwfykH vuFmuav;&Sd\/

]wHwdkif;&Hr&Sd? aps;om&Sd? rSwfbd]ed*kH;}wnf;/

ESpfyg;pkH&Sd? NrdKU[kod? r&Sd ]*gr}wnf;}

þvuFmt& wHwdkif;r&SdbJ aps;om&SdvQif ed*kH;? wHwdkif;ç aps; ESpfrsdK; vkH;&SdvQifNrdKU? wHwdkif;ç aps;ESpfrsdK;vkH;r&SdvQif&Gm/þvuFmt& wHwdkif;r&SdbJ aps;om&SdvQif ed*kH;? wHwdkif;ç aps; ESpfrsdK; vkH;&SdvQifNrdKU? wHwdkif;ç aps;ESpfrsdK;vkH;r&SdvQif&Gm/þvuFmt& wHwdkif;r&SdbJ aps;om&SdvQif ed*kH;? wHwdkif;ç aps; ESpfrsdK; vkH;&SdvQifNrdKU? wHwdkif;ç aps;ESpfrsdK;vkH;r&SdvQif&Gm/þvuFmt& wHwdkif;r&SdbJ aps;om&SdvQif ed*kH;? wHwdkif;ç aps; ESpfrsdK; vkH;&SdvQifNrdKU? wHwdkif;ç aps;ESpfrsdK;vkH;r&SdvQif&Gm/þvuFmt& wHwdkif;r&SdbJ aps;om&SdvQif ed*kH;? wHwdkif;ç aps; ESpfrsdK; vkH;&SdvQifNrdKU? wHwdkif;ç aps;ESpfrsdK;vkH;r&SdvQif&Gm/

[k-owfrSwfEdkif\/ uuú&ywåum; wHwdkif;r&SdbJ aps;om &SdaomaMumifh ed*kH;[kac:\/

wpfaeYwGif 'DCZmPk (usm;oGm;aom vrf;wGif arG;zGm;aom aMumifh As*¢yZÆ[kvnf; trnfwGifaom) trnfwGifaom aumvd,rif;

om;onf bk&m;&Sifudk ½kdaopGm&Sdcdk;NyD; ,ckvdk avQmufxm;\/

]]bkef;awmfBuD;awmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;? wynfhawmfwdkYonf tm½kHig;yg; umr*kPfw&m;wdkYudk cHpm;Muaom vlwdkYjzpfjcif;aMumifh

om;r,m;wdkYjzifh usOf;ajr§mif;aom tdyfpuf&m ae&mwdkYü aeMu&ygukef\/ umodwdkif;üjzpfaom pEul;eHYomwdkYudk okH;pGJaeMuygukef\/

yef;eYHom eHYomajymif;wdkYudkvnf; yefqifokwf vdrf;aeMuygukef\/ a&TaiGESifh tjcm;aom ypönf;Opöm &wemwdkYudkvnf; om,mudkifwG,f

aeMuygukef\/ xdkYaMumifh ypöKyÜKefüvnf; BuD;yGm;csrf;om? wrvGefüvnf; BuD;yGm;csrf; omaMumif;w&m;udk a[mMum;awmfrlygbk&m;}}

xdkodkY avQmufxm;vmoludk Ak'u oltvdk&Sdonftwdkif; BuD;yGm; csrf;omaMumif; w&m;udk a[mMum;awmfrl\/

ypöKyÜefBuD;yGm;csrf;omaMumif;w&m;av;yg;ypöKyÜefBuD;yGm;csrf;omaMumif;w&m;av;yg;ypöKyÜefBuD;yGm;csrf;omaMumif;w&m;av;yg;ypöKyÜefBuD;yGm;csrf;omaMumif;w&m;av;yg;ypöKyÜefBuD;yGm;csrf;omaMumif;w&m;av;yg;

BuD;yGm;csrf;omaMumif;w&m;av;yg;rSm-

1/ O|meorÜ'gO|meorÜ'gO|meorÜ'gO|meorÜ'gO|meorÜ'g- x<uvkHYv 0D&d,jzifh Opömpnf;pdrfudk &SmazG&rnf/

2/ tm&u©orÜ'gtm&u©orÜ'gtm&u©orÜ'gtm&u©orÜ'gtm&u©orÜ'g- rukefoifhwm rukefatmif xdef;odrf; apmifha&SmufrIESifh jynfhpkH&rnf/

3/ uvsmPrdwåorÜ'guvsmPrdwåorÜ'guvsmPrdwåorÜ'guvsmPrdwåorÜ'guvsmPrdwåorÜ'g- rdwfaqGaumif; &Sd&rnf/

4/ orZD0dworÜ'gorZD0dworÜ'gorZD0dworÜ'gorZD0dworÜ'gorZD0dworÜ'g- t0iftxGuf rQwatmif okH;pGJwwf&rnf/

þ O|meorÜ'gü t*Fgig;csuf&Sd\/

1/ rdrd\ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;ü uRrf;usifvdr®mjcif;/

2/ rysif;r&d x<uvkHYv0D&d,&Sdjcif;/

3/ vkyfief;ü plprf;qifjcifEdkifaom ÓPfynm&Sdjcif;/

4/ udk,fwdkifudk,fus jyKvkyfjcif;/

5/ OD;pD;OD;aqmif jyKí pDrHñTefMum;Edkifjcif;/

¤if;ig;csufwGif pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;ü uRrf;usifvdr®mjcif;? pl;prf;qif jcifEdkifaom ÓPfynm&Sdjcif;[laom t*FgESpfcsuf

tm;enf;csdKU,Gif; wwfaomaMumifh Ak'bmom jrefrmrsm;\ pD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;rsm;onf ysufpD;oGm;wwf\/ EdkifiHausmf pma&;q&mBuD;

yDrdk;eif;onfyif ykHESdyf pufqdkif&mü uRrf;usifrSKr&SdbJ ykHESdyfpufwpfvkH; wnfaxmif&m aiG&if; rsm;pGm ysufpD;qkH;½IH;oGm;zl;\/

a&TjynfomrS pma&;ol\ qGrf;'umwpfa,mufonf vdkif;um; wpfpD;wnfaxmifrnf jzpfaMumif; pma&;oludk avQmufxm;í

tBuHÓPf awmif;\/ pma&;olu olYudk jyefNyD;ar;cGef;xkwfrd\/


- 14 -

]]'umBuD;- um;taMumif;udk aocsmem;vnf&JUvm;}}

]]tJ'Dvdkawmh em;rvnfbl; bk&m;? '½kdifbmwpfa,mufu ol wm0ef,lNyD;0,fay;r,f? olyJarmif;r,fqdkNyD; ajymvdkYygbk&m;}}

]]udk,fudk,fwdkif OD;vnf;raqmifEdkif? em;vnf;rvnfEdkifwJh tvkyfrsdK;udk rvkyfoifhbl; 'umBuD;? atmifjrifzdkYxuf qkH;½IH;zdkYu

ydkrsm;w,f}}

]]'ku©yJ? wynfhawmf um;u 0,fNyD;aeNyDbk&m;}}

xifonhftwdkif;yif um;tpkwfudk 0,frdNyD; cPcP ysufum ypönf;csnf; 0,fxnhfae&ojzifh aiGrsm; tawmfqkH;½IH;oGm;&Sm\/

xd kum; a&mif;rxGufrcsif; wpftdrfvk H; pdwfqif;&JMu&\/ xd kum; a&mif;xGuf oGm;rSyif aiGxGufvnf; &yfoGm;\/

a&mif;aomtcgwGifvnf;t½IH; cHNyD; a&mif;vdkuf&\/

EGm;arG;NrL&m? aps;a&mif;&müyif uRrf;usifvdr®mrIESifh? pl;prf;qif jcifÓPf&SdrIwdkY ta&;wBuD;vdktyfykHudk Ak'¨u ,ckvdk

tao;pdwfa[m Mum;cJh\/

EGm;arG;jrLol &S d&rnfht*Fg 11 csufEGm;arG;jrLol &S d&rnfht*Fg 11 csufEGm;arG;jrLol &S d&rnfht*Fg 11 csufEGm;arG;jrLol &S d&rnfht*Fg 11 csufEGm;arG;jrLol &S d&rnfht*Fg 11 csuf

EGm;arG;jrLolonf -

1/ EGm;wpfaumifcsif;\ ½kyfoGifoP²mefudk od&rnf/

2/ EGm;\Mueftifvu©PmwdkYü vdr®m&rnf/

3/ ,ifacs;Oudk cGmwwf&rnf/(oefY&Sif;a&;ç usef;rma&; vkyfwwf &rnf/)

4/ temudk zkH;vTrf;wwf&rnf/

5/ rSufçcsifç,if tEÅ&m,frsm;uif;a0;atmif rD;zdkí rD;cdk; wdkufay;&rnf/

6/ ab;&eftEÅ&m,fuif;a0;aom a&qdyfudkod&rnf/

7/ ti,fçtvwfçtBuD; toD;oD;aomEGm;tm;vkH; a&0atmif aomuf&jcif; &Sd r&Sd odatmifjyK&rnf/

8/ ab;&efuif;aom vrf;c&D;udk od&rnf/ (EGm;ausmif;csdef)

9/ pm;usufajrü uRrf;usifvdr®m&rnf/

10/ EGm;EdkYn§pfaomtcg EGm;om;i,ftwGuf >cif;csefí Edkn§pf avh&Sdrnf/

11/ EGm;wdkY\ rdb? EGm;wdkY\ tBuD;tuJjzpfonfh a&SUaqmif EGm;vm;udk ydkvGefaomtm;jzifh ylaZmfapmifha&Smufwwfjcif; [l aom

tcsufwdkYudkod&rnf/

(t*FkwdåK&fygVdawmf? {um'ouedygwf? a*gygvokwf)

aps;a&mif;ol&Sd&rnfY t*Fgaps;a&mif;ol&Sd&rnfY t*Fgaps;a&mif;ol&Sd&rnfY t*Fgaps;a&mif;ol&Sd&rnfY t*Fgaps;a&mif;ol&Sd&rnfY t*Fg

aps;a&mif;olonf-

1/ ynmrsufaph &Sd&rnf/ (rnfonfh ukefonf? rnfonfhtcsdef aps;usNyD;? rnfonfhtcsdefaps;wufonf ponfudk odaomynm)/

2/ vkHYv0D&d, &Sd&rnf/ (Oyrm- ig;ydaumif; a&mif;vdkolonf {&m0wDwdkif;rSvnf; 0,fEdkifovdk? weoFm&Dwdkif; NrdwfNrdKUe,f? uRef;pkNrdKU

e,fwdkYrSvnf; 0,f,lEdkifonf? Nrdwfig;ydudk 0,fa&mif; EdkifvQif ykdíwGif us,fEdkifonf? o,f,lydkYaqmifrSK a0;aomfvnf; tyifyef;cHí

o,f,l jcif;rsdK;udk vkHYv0D&d,&Sdjcif; [kqdkEdkif\)/

3/ trDSo[J rdwfaqGaumif; &Sd&rnf/

4/ eHeuf apmapmxí a&mif;&rnf/(apmapm aps;0,fvdkolrsm; onf apmapmxGufaom qdkifwGifom 0,fwwfí þtcsufudk

a[mjcif; jzpf\)/

5/ aeYvnfcif;wGifvnf; *½kwpdkufa&mif;&rnf/(ysif;&daomaps; onfrsm;onf aeYvnfaeYcif;wGif awmf&modkY avQmufvnfae

wwfonf? xdktcsdefrsdK; 0,folrsm;onf a&mif;oltoifh &SdaomqdkifwGifom 0,fwwfí þtcsufudk xnfha[mjcif; jzpf\/

6/ nrdk;csKyfonftxd a&mif;jcif;/ (aemufusrS tvkyfjyef&aom olrsm;onf rdk;csKyfrS aps;0,fwwfMu\/ xdktcgrsdK;wGif rdk;csKyf

onftxd zGifhxm;aomqdkifwGifom 0,fMuí þtcsufudk xnfha[mjcif; jzpf\/)

(t*FkwdåK&fygVdawmf? wduedygwf? yXrygyPduokwfESifh 'kwd,ygyPduokwf)


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O|meorÜ'g t*Fgig;csufteuf aemufqkH;ESpfcsufrSmvnf; BuD;yGm;csrf;oma&;wGif ta&;BuD;qkH;ae&mrS yg0if\/ xdkESpfcsufrSm

udk,fwdkif udk,fus OD;pD;OD;aqmifí jyKvkyfjcif;? udk,fwdkif pDrHñTefMum; ay;jcif; jzpf\/ vGefcJhaom ESpfaygif;ESpfq,fhig;ESpfcefYu rEÅav;NrdKUwGif

tvGefa&mif;aumif;aom xrif;qdkifwpfqdkif &SdcJhzl;\/

qdkifydkif&Sifonf rdrd\ vkyfief;ü uRrf;usifvdr®mjcif;? x<u vkHYv0D&d,&Sdjcif;? pl;prf;qifjcifEdkifaom ÓPfynm&Sdjcif;[laom

O|meorÜ'g t*Fgig;csufteuf a&SUydkif;okH;csufESifhtnD a&mif;0,fjcif;aMumifh ,ckvdk atmifjrifaejcif; jzpf\/

qdkif&Sifonf xrif;qdkif av;ig;qdkifwGif tvkyf0ifvkyf&if; tcsuftjyKwfynmudk uRrf;usifatmif avhvmoif,l\/ xdkYaMumifh

olYqdkifrS[if;onf rEÅav;&Sd xrif;qdkifwdkYwGif taumif;qkH;[lí pm;okH; olwdkY ywf0ef;usifwGif emrnfxGufcJh\/ þum;rdrdvkyfief;ü

uRrf;usif vdr®mjcif;[laom ]yxrO|meorÜ'g}t*FgESifh jynfhpkHjcif;jzpf\/

olYqdkifonf [if;tapmqkH;usuf\/ xdkYaMumifh reufapmapm xGufrnfh ukefum;armif;orm;rsm;onf olYqdkifwGif pm;Mu\/

nOfheufrS qdkifodrf;\/ xdkYaMumifh rEÅav;odkY nOfheufrS 0ifvmaom um;orm; rsm;onf olYqdkifwGifom pm;Mu\/ olYqdkifonf rEÅav;NrdKU

t0if um;vrf;ab; rlvZD;befeD ausmif;wdkufem;wGif &Sd\/

aeYvnfcif;wGif tvkyform;tcsdKUudk tdyfcsifvQiftdyfcGifh jyKaomf vnf; oludk,fwdkifum; rtdyf/ vmorQ pm;okH;olrsm;udk udk,fwdkif

BudKqdkNyD; ae&mcsxm;ay;\/ þtcsufrsm;onf x<uvkHYv 0D&d,&Sdjcif; [laom 'kwd,O|meorÜ'gt*FgESifh jynfhpkHjcif; jzpf\/

qdkif&Sifonf xrif;qdkiftrsdK;rsdK;wGif tvkyfvkyfcJhaomaMumifh pm;okH;oltrsdK;rsdK;\ tBudKuftrsdK;rdsK;udk od\/ odatmifvnf;

aocsm avhvmxm;\/ xdkYaMumifh olYqdkifwGif 0ufom;wpfckwnf;udkyif 0ufom;ESyf? 0ufom;qDysH? 0ufom;[if;av; (o&ufoD; ESifh

csufjcif;)? 0ufom; yJig;yd? ponfjzifh pkHvifatmif csufxm;\/

twdkYtjr§Kwfudkvnf; tpkHygEdkifatmif tNrJBudK;pm;\/ wrm &Guf wkH;csdefwGifyif olYqdkifü wrm&GuftwdkYudk &\/ rnfodkY&oenf;/

pOfhtdk;BuD;rsm;pGmjzifh wrm&Gufrsm;udk tcsOfpdrfxm;Edkifaom aMumifhyif jzpf\/ þum; rdrdvkyfief;ü pl;prf;qifjcifEdkifaom ÓPfynm&Sdjcif;[k

qdk&rnfh ]wwd, O|meorÜ'g}ESifh jynfhpkHjcif;yif jzpf\/

qdkifa&mif;tm; xdk;wufvmNyD; aiGrsm;rsm;udkif&onfESifh xdkqdkif &Sifonf rdef;rtaysmftyg; vkdufpm;vm\/ ao&nfao&uf

aomufvm \/ avmif;upm; vkyfvm\/ taygif;toif;rsm;ESifh avQmufvnfcsdef rsm;vm\/ þav;csufum; pD;yGm;OpömysufpD;aMumif;

w&m;rsm;yif jzpf\/

qdkifonf emrnfBuD;oGm;NyDjzpfí t&SdefESifh vdrfhae&m tjrwf aiGrsm;rSm ykHrSef0ifvsuf&Sdojzifh qdkif&Sifu oludk,fwdkif rxdkifvnf;

jzpfonf[k ,lqvm\/ xdkYaMumifh qdkifxdkifcsdef r&Sdoavmuf enf; vm\/ [if;tr,frsm;udk udk,fwdkif rcsufawmhovdk udk,fwdkifpDrHñTef

Mum;rIvnf; r&Sdawmhay/

þonfum; O|meorÜ'g t*Fgig;yg;wGif udk,fwdkifOD;aqmif í vkyfjcif;? udk,fwdkifpDrHñTefMum;ay;jcif;[laom pwkw¬ESifh yÍört*FgESpf

yg;ysufpD;oGm;jcif;yif jzpf\/

tvkyform;rS tvkyf&SifjzpfvdkvQiftvkyform;rS tvkyf&SifjzpfvdkvQiftvkyform;rS tvkyf&SifjzpfvdkvQiftvkyform;rS tvkyf&SifjzpfvdkvQiftvkyform;rS tvkyf&SifjzpfvdkvQif

tvkyform;[lonf tvkyftay:? pm;okH;oltay:? tvkyf&Sifavmuf b,faomtcgrQ apwemxm; vdrf hrnftvkyform;[lonf tvkyftay:? pm;okH;oltay:? tvkyf&Sifavmuf b,faomtcgrQ apwemxm; vdrf hrnftvkyform;[lonf tvkyftay:? pm;okH;oltay:? tvkyf&Sifavmuf b,faomtcgrQ apwemxm; vdrf hrnftvkyform;[lonf tvkyftay:? pm;okH;oltay:? tvkyf&Sifavmuf b,faomtcgrQ apwemxm; vdrf hrnftvkyform;[lonf tvkyftay:? pm;okH;oltay:? tvkyf&Sifavmuf b,faomtcgrQ apwemxm; vdrf hrnf

r[kwfay/ xdkokdY apwemrxm;aomaMumifh tvkyf&Sifb0odkY ra&mufbJ tvkyform;b0ESifh aeMu&jcif;yif jzpf\/r[kwfay/ xdkokdY apwemrxm;aomaMumifh tvkyf&Sifb0odkY ra&mufbJ tvkyform;b0ESifh aeMu&jcif;yif jzpf\/r[kwfay/ xdkokdY apwemrxm;aomaMumifh tvkyf&Sifb0odkY ra&mufbJ tvkyform;b0ESifh aeMu&jcif;yif jzpf\/r[kwfay/ xdkokdY apwemrxm;aomaMumifh tvkyf&Sifb0odkY ra&mufbJ tvkyform;b0ESifh aeMu&jcif;yif jzpf\/r[kwfay/ xdkokdY apwemrxm;aomaMumifh tvkyf&Sifb0odkY ra&mufbJ tvkyform;b0ESifh aeMu&jcif;yif jzpf\/

tu,fí tvkyf&Sif\ apwemrsdK;xm;NyD; BudK;pm;rnf qdkvQif ESpftenf;i,f twGif; tvkyform;onf tvkyf&Siftu,fí tvkyf&Sif\ apwemrsdK;xm;NyD; BudK;pm;rnf qdkvQif ESpftenf;i,f twGif; tvkyform;onf tvkyf&Siftu,fí tvkyf&Sif\ apwemrsdK;xm;NyD; BudK;pm;rnf qdkvQif ESpftenf;i,f twGif; tvkyform;onf tvkyf&Siftu,fí tvkyf&Sif\ apwemrsdK;xm;NyD; BudK;pm;rnf qdkvQif ESpftenf;i,f twGif; tvkyform;onf tvkyf&Siftu,fí tvkyf&Sif\ apwemrsdK;xm;NyD; BudK;pm;rnf qdkvQif ESpftenf;i,f twGif; tvkyform;onf tvkyf&Sif

jzpfvmay vdrfhrnf/jzpfvmay vdrfhrnf/jzpfvmay vdrfhrnf/jzpfvmay vdrfhrnf/jzpfvmay vdrfhrnf/

þae&mü pma&;q&m eydkvD,H[D;vfESifh tar&duef oef;<u,f ola|;BuD; tif'½l;umeuf*sDwdk Y\ tar;tajzrSm

BuD;yGm;csrf;omvdkolwdkif; odxm;oifhojzifh aumufEkwfazmfjytHh/

ar;/ /ar;/ /ar;/ /ar;/ /ar;/ /rpöwmumeuf*sDcifAsm;? tck uRefawmfar;r,fh ar;cGef; twGuf cifAsm;cGifhvTwfvdrfhr,fvdkY uRefawmfarQmfvifhygw,f/

uRefawmf Mum;xm;wmu cifAsm;rSm tBuD;tus,f a0zefjypfwifrSK cHae&w,f? bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh cifAsm;rSm tBuD;tus,f

tpkvdkuftNyHKvdkuf <u,f0csrf;omaecsdefrSm? cifAsm;tckvdk <u,f0vmatmif vkyfaqmifay;cJh Mu&wJh cifAsm;&JU tvkyform;rsm;rSmawmh

qif;&JEGrf;yg;vsufyJ &SdaeMuw,f/ 'Dtcsufudk axmufNyD; cifAsm;<u,f0csrf;omvmrI[m tvkyform;rsm; tay:rSm acgif;ykHjzwfaoG;pkyfrI

jyKvdkYygyJvdkY vlwpfcsdKUu ajymqdkMuw,f 'Dawmh cifAsm;&JU <u,f0csrf;omvmrIeJY cifAsm;&JU tvkyform;rsm;&JU qif;&JEGrf;yg;rI[m bmjzpfvdkY

'Davmufxd uGma0;ae&w,f qdkwmudk cifAsm;t,ltqt& &Sif;jyapcsifygw,f}}

umeuf*sDajz/ /umeuf*sDajz/ /umeuf*sDajz/ /umeuf*sDajz/ /umeuf*sDajz/ /'Dar;cGef;udk ar;wJhtwGuf uRefawmf trsm; BuD;0rf;omygw,f? 'Dar;cGef;twdkif;ygyJ? vlrsm;pGmwdkYuvnf;

ar;Muyg w,f? xdkolrsm;udk uREkfyftajzay;cJhovdkyJ rif;udkvnf; uREkfyfu ajzqdkay;ygr,f-


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- 17 -

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wefYatmif? yd kíwdk;wuf atmifjrif atmif wDxGif BudK;pm; tm;xkwfrI tvGef enf;yg; \/ xdk YaMumifh jrefrmwefYatmif? yd kíwdk;wuf atmifjrif atmif wDxGif BudK;pm; tm;xkwfrI tvGef enf;yg; \/ xdk YaMumifh jrefrmwefYatmif? yd kíwdk;wuf atmifjrif atmif wDxGif BudK;pm; tm;xkwfrI tvGef enf;yg; \/ xdk YaMumifh jrefrmwefYatmif? yd kíwdk;wuf atmifjrif atmif wDxGif BudK;pm; tm;xkwfrI tvGef enf;yg; \/ xdk YaMumifh jrefrmwefYatmif? yd kíwdk;wuf atmifjrif atmif wDxGif BudK;pm; tm;xkwfrI tvGef enf;yg; \/ xdk YaMumifh jrefrm

ola|;rsm;onf urÇmht qifha&mufatmif rcsrf;omMujcif; jzpf\/ &yfaeol udk oGm;aeolu {uefrkcsola|;rsm;onf urÇmht qifha&mufatmif rcsrf;omMujcif; jzpf\/ &yfaeol udk oGm;aeolu {uefrkcsola|;rsm;onf urÇmht qifha&mufatmif rcsrf;omMujcif; jzpf\/ &yfaeol udk oGm;aeolu {uefrkcsola|;rsm;onf urÇmht qifha&mufatmif rcsrf;omMujcif; jzpf\/ &yfaeol udk oGm;aeolu {uefrkcsola|;rsm;onf urÇmht qifha&mufatmif rcsrf;omMujcif; jzpf\/ &yfaeol udk oGm;aeolu {uefrkcs

jzwfausmfoGm;ouJhodk Y &yfaeaom jrefrmrsm;udk tpOfwpdkuf oGm;aeaom EdkifiHrsm;u jzwfausmf wufoGm;jcif;jzwfausmfoGm;ouJhodk Y &yfaeaom jrefrmrsm;udk tpOfwpdkuf oGm;aeaom EdkifiHrsm;u jzwfausmf wufoGm;jcif;jzwfausmfoGm;ouJhodk Y &yfaeaom jrefrmrsm;udk tpOfwpdkuf oGm;aeaom EdkifiHrsm;u jzwfausmf wufoGm;jcif;jzwfausmfoGm;ouJhodk Y &yfaeaom jrefrmrsm;udk tpOfwpdkuf oGm;aeaom EdkifiHrsm;u jzwfausmf wufoGm;jcif;jzwfausmfoGm;ouJhodk Y &yfaeaom jrefrmrsm;udk tpOfwpdkuf oGm;aeaom EdkifiHrsm;u jzwfausmf wufoGm;jcif;

jzpf\/jzpf\/jzpf\/jzpf\/jzpf\/

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yifjzpf\/ ,cktcsdefwGifum; jrefrmrsm;yif olwdkY EdkifiHoGm;a&muf tvkyf vkyf&onftxd puFmylEdkifiHu jrefrmEdkifiHxuf wdk;wufoGm;NyD

jzpf\/

rEÅav;rS xrif;qdkif&Sifonfvnf; atmifjrifrIudk ,pfrl;NyD; qufvuf wdk;wufaumif;rGefatmif rBudK;pm;bJ qdkifukd wynfhrsm;ESifh

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xyfrHay: vm\/

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bk&m;tjzpfodkYyif a&mufEdkif ao;&m pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief; atmifjrifzdkYum; ajymp&myif rvdkawmhay/

rEÅav;wdkif;? aysmfbG,fNrdKU? a&Tjynf&efvkH &yfrS OD;vSatmif onf EdkYqDcsufvkyfief;udk azmfjyyg t*Fgav;csufESifhtnD ESpfaygif;

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- 18 -

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NyD[k od&\/ þtcef;udk aysmfbG,fNrdKUü OD;vSatmif usif;yaom w&m;yGJoGm;a[m&if; a&;om;jcif;jzpf\/ OD;vSatmifrSm touf 77

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udk,fusifhoDv qif;&JrS tyg,fusonf/udk,fusifhoDv qif;&JrS tyg,fusonf/udk,fusifhoDv qif;&JrS tyg,fusonf/udk,fusifhoDv qif;&JrS tyg,fusonf/udk,fusifhoDv qif;&JrS tyg,fusonf/

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apmifha&SmufcJh ygw,f/

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- 19 -

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- 20 -

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- 21 -

pnf;urf;&Sdjcif;ESifhESajrmjcif;pnf;urf;&Sdjcif;ESifhESajrmjcif;pnf;urf;&Sdjcif;ESifhESajrmjcif;pnf;urf;&Sdjcif;ESifhESajrmjcif;pnf;urf;&Sdjcif;ESifhESajrmjcif;

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- 22 -

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- 23 -

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tokH;rcswwfvQif tyg,fodkY qGJcsrnfh twGif;&efolwpfrsdK; jzpf\/ o'¨gç oDvç okwç pm*ç ynmç [d&dç MowåyÜ[laomtokH;rcswwfvQif tyg,fodkY qGJcsrnfh twGif;&efolwpfrsdK; jzpf\/ o'¨gç oDvç okwç pm*ç ynmç [d&dç MowåyÜ[laomtokH;rcswwfvQif tyg,fodkY qGJcsrnfh twGif;&efolwpfrsdK; jzpf\/ o'¨gç oDvç okwç pm*ç ynmç [d&dç MowåyÜ[laomtokH;rcswwfvQif tyg,fodkY qGJcsrnfh twGif;&efolwpfrsdK; jzpf\/ o'¨gç oDvç okwç pm*ç ynmç [d&dç MowåyÜ[laomtokH;rcswwfvQif tyg,fodkY qGJcsrnfh twGif;&efolwpfrsdK; jzpf\/ o'¨gç oDvç okwç pm*ç ynmç [d&dç MowåyÜ[laom

olawmfaumif; Opömrsm; um; oHo&mwpfavQmuf vlcsrf;om? ewfcsrf; omudkomru edAÁmefcsrf;omtxd ydkYay;rnfholawmfaumif; Opömrsm; um; oHo&mwpfavQmuf vlcsrf;om? ewfcsrf; omudkomru edAÁmefcsrf;omtxd ydkYay;rnfholawmfaumif; Opömrsm; um; oHo&mwpfavQmuf vlcsrf;om? ewfcsrf; omudkomru edAÁmefcsrf;omtxd ydkYay;rnfholawmfaumif; Opömrsm; um; oHo&mwpfavQmuf vlcsrf;om? ewfcsrf; omudkomru edAÁmefcsrf;omtxd ydkYay;rnfholawmfaumif; Opömrsm; um; oHo&mwpfavQmuf vlcsrf;om? ewfcsrf; omudkomru edAÁmefcsrf;omtxd ydkYay;rnfh

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- 24 -

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- 25 -

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&GmxJrSm pm;zdkYaomufzdkY tqifrajyolrsm;&SdvQif wpftdrfvQif pyg;wpfawmif; vm,lcGifhjyK\/ ay;olESifh,lolwGif ypöu©rsufpdjzifh

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oHo&m wpfavQmufxd xdk;xGif;í odaomynmudkom wu,fhÓPf ynm[k qdk&\/

þwpfb0pm tokH;cs½kH wwfxm;orQ bGJU'D*&Dtm;vkH;wdkYonf oifíwwf&aomaMumifh onmodomjzpf\/ bGJU'D*&D BuD;BuD;?

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onmodom jzpf aMumif; xif&Sm;\/

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rdrdudk,frdrd MunfndKolrsm;twGuf aojcif;w&m;onf cspfp&m aumif;aom rdwfaqGom jzpf\/ rdrdudk,frdrdrdrdudk,frdrd MunfndKolrsm;twGuf aojcif;w&m;onf cspfp&m aumif;aom rdwfaqGom jzpf\/ rdrdudk,frdrdrdrdudk,frdrd MunfndKolrsm;twGuf aojcif;w&m;onf cspfp&m aumif;aom rdwfaqGom jzpf\/ rdrdudk,frdrdrdrdudk,frdrd MunfndKolrsm;twGuf aojcif;w&m;onf cspfp&m aumif;aom rdwfaqGom jzpf\/ rdrdudk,frdrdrdrdudk,frdrd MunfndKolrsm;twGuf aojcif;w&m;onf cspfp&m aumif;aom rdwfaqGom jzpf\/ rdrdudk,frdrd

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wnfNidrfaom avoHjzifh ajym\/

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OD;ausmufcJonf o&ufoD;rsm;ESifhtwl [if;&GufrsdK;pkH cl;vmonfudk awGY&\/

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p&mypönf;awG tNrJwrf;yd kaewwfayr,fh? avmb "mwf BuD;rm;oltwGuf ,lcsifp&mypönf;awG tNrJwrf;p&mypönf;awG tNrJwrf;yd kaewwfayr,fh? avmb "mwf BuD;rm;oltwGuf ,lcsifp&mypönf;awG tNrJwrf;p&mypönf;awG tNrJwrf;yd kaewwfayr,fh? avmb "mwf BuD;rm;oltwGuf ,lcsifp&mypönf;awG tNrJwrf;p&mypönf;awG tNrJwrf;yd kaewwfayr,fh? avmb "mwf BuD;rm;oltwGuf ,lcsifp&mypönf;awG tNrJwrf;p&mypönf;awG tNrJwrf;yd kaewwfayr,fh? avmb "mwf BuD;rm;oltwGuf ,lcsifp&mypönf;awG tNrJwrf;

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olawmfaumif;t*Fgav;csufESifh ol,kwfrmt*Fgav;csufwdkYudk azmfjyOD;tHh/

olawmfaumif;t*Fg av;yg;

1/ olwpfyg;\ *kPfaus;Zl;rJh(raumif;aMumif;) udkrar;vQif rajym? ar;vQifvnf; csJUum;í rajymbJ avQmhayghíajymqdkjcif;/

2/ olwpfyg;\ *kPfaus;Zl;(aumif;aMumif;) udk rar;yJESifhyif ajymjcif;? ar;vQifvnf; rxdefcsefbJ jynfhpkHpGmajymjcif;/

3/ rdrd\*kPfaus;Zl;rJh? (raumif;aMumif;)udk rar;bJESifhyif ajymjcif;? ar;vQifvnf; xdefcsefrxm;yJ jynfhpkHpGmajymjcif;/

4/ rdrd\*kPfaus;Zl;(aumif;aMumif;)udk rar;bJESifhrajym? ar;vQif vnf; csJUum;í rajymbJ avQmhayghí ajymjcif;/

ol,kwfrmt*Fg av;yg;ol,kwfrmt*Fg av;yg;ol,kwfrmt*Fg av;yg;ol,kwfrmt*Fg av;yg;ol,kwfrmt*Fg av;yg;

1/ olwpfyg;\ *kPfaus;Zl;rJh (raumif;aMumif;)udk rar;bJESifh yif ajymMum;wwfNyD;? ar;vQifvnf; csJUum;í ajymwwfjcif;/

2/ olwpfyg;\*kPfaus;Zl; (aumif;aMumif;)udk rar;vQif rajymbJ ar;vQifavQmhayghí ajymjcif;/

3/ rdrd\*kPfaus;Zl;rJh (raumif;aMumif;)udk rar;vQifrajym? ar; vQif avQmhayghxdefcsefíajymjcif;/

4/ rdrd\*kPfaus;Zl; (aumif;aMumif;)udk rar;bJESifh ajymMum; wwfonf/ ar;vQif csJUum;í ajymMum;wwfjcif;/

(t*FkwdåK&fygVdawmf? pwkuúedygwf? oyÜK&dookwf)

þrQESifhyif orÜ'gav;yg; jynfhpkHavNyD/


- 31 -

urÇmausmfol<u,frsm;\ aiGpkenf;vrf;ñTefurÇmausmfol<u,frsm;\ aiGpkenf;vrf;ñTefurÇmausmfol<u,frsm;\ aiGpkenf;vrf;ñTefurÇmausmfol<u,frsm;\ aiGpkenf;vrf;ñTefurÇmausmfol<u,frsm;\ aiGpkenf;vrf;ñTef

Ä aphaphodyfonf;? a&GUa&GUqnf;aomf

p&nf;tdk;cGuf? BuD;pGmvQufyif

wHpufusrsm;? jynfhaomvm;odkY

ysm;\enf;xkH;? rSwfusifhokH;í

jcckH;awmifydkY? zdkYonfhjcif;&m

vlvdr®mwdkY? Opömqnf;axG

wufvSapavmh? <uufaowpfck

t&if;jyKí? <u,frSKwwfqkH;

ola|;xkH;udk? ESvkH;rlvQuf

BuHpnfeufí? olxufvGefuJ <u,faprif;/ /

Ä avmuüyif? ysm;ESifh,ifudk

rsufjrifykHxm;? armif½Ipm;avmh

ysm;um;tkHjyK? t&nfpkí

xm;rIvdr®m? aemifcsrf;om\

,ifrSmaomfwkH? 0rf;0½kHrQ

okH;umaomufpm;? pkrxm;í

&Smjim;rjywf? r&iwf\

qufqufrkcs? tvojzifh

i,fuysif;ol? BuD;rlqif;&J

&pNrJwnf;/ /

wpf&uf rdrd&aiG\ q,fykHwpfykHudk rjzpfraepkyg/ pm;0wfae a&;rS tvGwfjzpfaom xdkaiGonfom rdrd\udk,fydkifaiG tppfjzpfonf/

xdkaiGrsm;udk t&if;tESD;jyKí tjrwf&&ef aocsmonfh pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;udk qufvkyfyg/

(abbDvkHolaX;BuD;tmcwf)(abbDvkHolaX;BuD;tmcwf)(abbDvkHolaX;BuD;tmcwf)(abbDvkHolaX;BuD;tmcwf)(abbDvkHolaX;BuD;tmcwf)

aiGaMu;pkaqmif;jcif; jyKolrsm;onf vlcsrf;omrsm; jzpfvmí aiGaMu; pkaqmif;jcif; rjyKolrsm;onf qif;&Jom;rsm; jzpfvmMuonf/

(tar&duef or®wBuD; a*smh0g&Sifwef)(tar&duef or®wBuD; a*smh0g&Sifwef)(tar&duef or®wBuD; a*smh0g&Sifwef)(tar&duef or®wBuD; a*smh0g&Sifwef)(tar&duef or®wBuD; a*smh0g&Sifwef)

rnfonfhvlwef;pm;rqdk vlwdkif;vlwdkif; rdrd0ifaiGxJrSwduswJh aiGpkrIudk ig;qifhxufrydkonfhwdkifatmifaiGpkjcif;rSm tusifhygvmap&ef

rSefrSefBuD; jyKvkyfoifhw,f/twdtus rdrdpkorQ aiGaMu;yrmP&JU wefzdk;[m aiGpkjcif;tusifhESifh EIdif;pmvQifbmrQ ta&;yg t&ma&mufjcif;

r&Sdygbl;/

bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh aiGpkjcif;tusifhqdkwmrdrdudk,frdrd xdef; ausmif;uGyfuJwJh pnf;urf;ao0yfrIwpfck jzpfvdkYygyJ/xdkpnf;urf;

ao0yfrI[m tjcm;aomae&mrsm;twGufvnf; rsm;pGmtusdK;tjrwf xGuf&SdapEdkifw,f/(tar&duef oHrPdola|;BuD; tif'½l;umeuf*sD)

yg&rDqdkonfrSm xl;uJaom ÓPfwpfusyfom;ü

acR;puf udk;usyfom; aygif;pyfxm;jcif; jzpfonf/

(aomrwftuf'Dqif)(aomrwftuf'Dqif)(aomrwftuf'Dqif)(aomrwftuf'Dqif)(aomrwftuf'Dqif)


- 32 -

oifaooGm;aomfoifaooGm;aomfoifaooGm;aomfoifaooGm;aomfoifaooGm;aomf

vlYjynfavmu? vlYb0um;

tdk&ç em&ç ao&OD;rnf?

rSefayonfwnfh/

odkYwNyD;um;? oifaooGm;aomf

oifzGm;&majr? oifwdkYajronf

tajcwdk;jrifh? usefaumif;oifh\

oif\rsdK;om;? pmpum;vnf;

BuD;yGm;wufjrifh? usefaumif;oifh\

oifOD;csí? trQa0&m? apwDomESifh

opömta&mif? ÓPfwefaqmifvnf;

ajymifvsuf0if;vsuf usefapownf;/ /

aZmf*sDaZmf*sDaZmf*sDaZmf*sDaZmf*sD

W


- 33 -


arwåmjzifUpD;yGm;&Smjcif;arwåmjzifUpD;yGm;&Smjcif;arwåmjzifUpD;yGm;&Smjcif;arwåmjzifUpD;yGm;&Smjcif;arwåmjzifUpD;yGm;&Smjcif;

Ak'¨bmom jrefrmtrsm;pk rBuD;yGm;jcif;\ wwd,taMumif; rSm bmoma&;tay:rSm xm;aom arwåmapwemrsdK;

pD;yGm;a&;tay:rSm rxm;aomaMumifh [ktusOf;qdkcJh\/ ,cktus,fcJsUtHh/ Ak'u-

csdKaomrsdK;aphudk pdkufysdK;vQif

csdKaomtoD;udk pm;&rnf/

cg;aomrsdK;aphudk pdkufysdK;vQif

cg;aomtoD;udk pm;&rnf/

xdkYtwl....

aumif;aomtrIudkjyKvQif

aumif;aomtudsK;udk cHpm;&rnf/

raumif;aomtrIudk jyKvQif

raumif;aomtusdK;udk cHpm;&rnf/

[k bmoma&;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&; rnfonfhtvkyfjzpfap arwåmçapwem xm;NyD; aumif;rGefpGmjyKvkyfygu aumif;aomtusdK;udk

cHpm;&rnfjzpf aMumif; twdtvif; a[mMum;awmfrlcJh\/ odkYaomf Ak'¨bmom pD;yGm; a&;orm; trsm;pkum; arwåmapwemu

aumif;usdK;ay;onf [laom pum;udk odyfr,kHcsifMu/

arwåmaMumifhvm; ,MwmaMumifhvm;arwåmaMumifhvm; ,MwmaMumifhvm;arwåmaMumifhvm; ,MwmaMumifhvm;arwåmaMumifhvm; ,MwmaMumifhvm;arwåmaMumifhvm; ,MwmaMumifhvm;

"mwfç ,Mwmç taqmifç*gxmrEÅmefwdkYu aumif;usdK;ay;onf [k,lqaeMu\/ xdkYaMumifh pD;yGm;a&;orm;wdkY tdrfacgif;&if;

qdkifacgif; &if;wGif ,Mwmtaqmif rsdK;pkHudk awGUae&jcif; jzpf\/,aeYrS pí jywf om;pGm rSwfom;ygavmh-

vuf,yfac:aeaom vmbfac:t½kyfu rBuD;yGm;apEdkif/ arwåm apwemuom BuD;yGm;apEdkifonf/

axmifwef ig;&mwefwdkYjzifh pDrHxm;aom vmbfac: ZD;uGuf½kyfu rBuD;yGm;apEdkif/

arwåmapwemuom BuD;yGm; apEdkifonf/

tpdrf;a&mif ykvif;wGif pdkufxm;aom ESif;qDyGifhu rBuD;yGm;apEdkif/

arwåmapwemuom BuD;yGm;apEdkifonf/ aps;OD;ayguf a&mif;&aom ydkufqHjzifh ukefypönf;wdkYudk wzswfzswf ½kdufjcif;u

rBuD;yGm;apEdkif/

arwåmapwemuom BuD;yGm;apEdkifonf/

&uf&mZmu aumif;usdK;ray;Edkif/

arwåmapwemuom aumif;usdK;ay;Edkifonf/

taqmif,Mwmudk r,kHoltcsdKUum; uvdefuuspfvkyfEdkif vQifBuD;yGm;rnf[k ,kHMunfjyef\/ rrSefuefaom enf;jzifh BuD;yGm;olum;

]]a&yGufyrm? wpfoufvsmwnf;}} [kajym&rnfjzpf\/ ]]acG;½l;aumif;pm; wrGef;wnfh}} [laompum;onf xdkolrsm;twGuf qdkvdk[ef&Sd\/

rcifjynfU\ arwÅmapwemrcifjynfU\ arwÅmapwemrcifjynfU\ arwÅmapwemrcifjynfU\ arwÅmapwemrcifjynfU\ arwÅmapwem

arwåmç apwemaMumifh BuD;yGm;vmolrsm;taMumif;udk &yfuGuf tqifhrS urÇmhtqifhxd azmfjytHh/

pma&;olwdkYwGif arG;csif;udk;a,muf &Sdonfhteuf ig;a,mufom tzwfwif\/ xdkig;a,mufrSm pma&;ol txufrS

tpfrESpfa,muf? atmifurS nDwpfa,muf? nDrwpfa,mufwdkY jzpf\/

xdkwGif tpfri,frSm 28 ESpft&G,fwGif qkH;yg;oGm;aMumif; ]]r*fwm;zdkvfwm; tEÅ&m,frsm;}} pmtkyfwGif a&;om;cJhzl;NyD/ xdkYaMumifh

,cktcgwGif tpfrtBuD;qkH;wpfa,mufom usef\/ zcif\ oifMum; ay;rIt& tpfri,fudk tpfrav;[k ac:í? tBuD;qkH;tpfrudk tpfrBuD;

[kac:&onf/ ,ckxdktokH;EIH;wdkif; qufvufa&;om;ygrnf/

tpfrtBuD;qkH;\ cifyGef;um; tyifyef;cHEdkifol r[kwfí tvkyf ykHrSefr&Sd/ xdkYaMumifh tpfrBuD;rSm om;av;a,muf? orD;wpfa,muf

twGuf renf;BuD; 0rf;pm&Sm&\/ yxrudk,fydkif tdrfyifr&Sd/ rdbrsm; tdrfab;wGif wJomom tdrfwpfvkH;xdk;umae&\/ t&if;tESD; vnf;

rsm;rsm; r&Sdojzifh acRwma&;rkefYvkyfa&mif;\/

acRwma&;rkefYqdkonfrSm rkefYjym;ovuf tjzLtyg;rsdK;jzpf\/ rkefY&nfudk enf;enf;av;xnfhNyD; ',ftdk;wGif jzefYay;vdkuf\/


- 34 -

xdkrkefYyg; yg;av;ay:wGif pm;awmfyJjyKyf? c&rf;csOfoD;yg;yg; twkH;uav;rsm; i½kyfoD;pdrf; uwfaMu;udkufav;rsm; 0ufqDzwfaMumf

twkH;ao;av; rsm;udk xnfhxm;í t&ompkHNyD; vQmvnfatmif aumif;aomrkefYwpfrsdK; jzpf\/

xdkrkefYrsdK;udk tjcm;olrsm;u wpfusyfa&mif;csdefwGif tpfrBuD;u okH;rwfckESpfq,fhig;jym;ESifh a&mif;\/ t&if;rSm

ig;rl;cefY&SdonfhtwGuf wpfusyfa&mif;olrSm rkefYwpfckukefvQif ig;rl;jrwfaomfvnf; tpfrBuD;rSm wpfrwfom jrwf\/ odkYaomf

ig;rl;tjrwf,laom rkefYonfu rkefYq,fck ukefcsdefwGif tpfrBuD;u rkefYtckwpf&mavmuf ukefNyDjzpfí qdkifodrf;um tdrfjyefNyD; naeykdif;twGuf

rkefYBudwfaeNyD jzpf\/

eHeufajcmufem&DrS pa&mif;&m &Spfem&Dxdk;? a&mif;csdefESpfem&D twGif; rkefYwpfckig;rl; tjrwf,lolu ig;usyfomjrwfaomfvnf;

wpfrwfom tjrwf,lol tpfrBuD;u ESpfq,fhig;usyfjrwfaeavNyD/ bmomjcm; aps;onfrsm;ESifh Ak'bmomaps;onfrsm;\ uGmjcm;csufrSm

þtcsufyif jzpf\/

avmbudkxdef;csKyfNyD; þtcsufudk jyKjyifEd kifvQif yifudk,fpdwf "mwfjzLpifaom Ak'¨bmom aps;onfrsm;onf

bmomjcm;aps;onfrsm; udk ausmfvTm;Edkifrnf jzpf\/ acRwma&; rkefYa&mif;&if;rS aiGaMu;pkaqmif; rdvmaomtcg tpfrBuD;onf

rdbrsm;NcHajrrS okH;ykHwpfykHudk 0,f,lEdkif NyD; udk,fydkiftdrfuav;yif aqmufvkyfEdkifonfxd jzpfvm\/

udk,fydkiftdrf &SdvmonfESifh tpfrBuD;onf vkyfief;ajymif;vdkuf onf/ wpfydkifwpfEdkif tdrfqdkifuav;wpfqdkif zGifhvdkufjcif;yif/

xdkqdkif uav;wGif vufzufokyfrSpí qefç qDç qm;ç i½kyfç MuufoGefç ykZGefajcmufç ig;ydç iHjym&nftxd tpkHyg0ifonf/ xdkYxuf t&if;tESD;

rsm;vmaomtcg uav;rsm;twGuf rkefYrsdK;pkHESifh rD;aoG;yg wif a&mif; onf/

qif;&Jom;&yfuGufjzpfí wpfcgcsufom 0,fEdkifMu\/ av;ig; &ufpm aygif;NyD; 0,fEdkifolr&Sd/ xdkYaMumifh ig;ajcmufrsm;?

ykZGefajcmufrsm;? ig;yd? iHjym&nfrsm;udk wpfeyfpmtxkyfuav;rsm; toifhxkyfNyD; a&mif; cs&m tvGefwGifus,fpGm a&mif;&\/

&yfuGufxJwGif qifyef;yk½kHrsm;pGm&Sd&m yef;yktvkyform;rsm; onf tpfrBuD;qdkifrS vufzufokyfudk tvkt,uf pDwef;0,f,laeMu

onfrSm tvum;ay;aeonf[kyif xif&\/ tpfrBuD;onf tdrfqdkif av;rS&aom tjrwfaiGjzifh wdkufcHtdrfygaom NcHwpfNcHudk 0,f,l

EdkifcJh\/

]]qifvnf; qifhtxGm}}? ]]qdwfvnf; qdwftxGm}} [laom pum;twkdif; tpfrBuD;\ &yfuGuftqifh aps;a&mif;enf;pepfudkvnf;

txifao;í r&ay/ xdkpepfudkyif NrdKUe,ftqifh? wdkif;tqifhrSonf urÇmhtqifhxd wdk;csJUvkyfudkifEdkifonfom jzpf\/

urÇmhtqifhxd BuD;yGm;csrf;omaeolrsm;onfvnf; þpepft wdkif;yif [kqdkvQif trsm;pku tHhMoMurnf[k xif\/ urÇmhola|;BuD;

rsm; pdwf"mwfESifh pepfudk þtcef;tqkH;wGif qufvuf zwf½IMu&rnf jzpf\/ ,cktpfrBuD;ESifh pma&;olwdkY\ tar;tajzrsm;udk qufvuf

azmfjytHh/

aps;a&mif;aumif;jcif;\ t"dutaMumif;aps;a&mif;aumif;jcif;\ t"dutaMumif;aps;a&mif;aumif;jcif;\ t"dutaMumif;aps;a&mif;aumif;jcif;\ t"dutaMumif;aps;a&mif;aumif;jcif;\ t"dutaMumif;

]]tpfrBuD;qdkifu wtm;a&mif;aumif;wmyJ/ rod&if tvum; ay;aew,fvdkY xif&avmufatmif 0,fwJholawGrsm;w,f/

txl;ojzifh vufzufokyf 0,fwJholawGu trsm;qkH;vdkY xifw,f/ 'D&yfuGufxJrSm tpfrBuD;vdk vufzufokyfa&mif;wJh tdrfqdkifawG trsm;BuD;

&Sdw,f/ 'geJYrsm; tpfrBuD;qdkifrSmcsnf; bmjzpfvdkY 'Davmuf vm0,faeMuwmvJ}}

]]0,frSmayghbk&m;? wynfhawmfqdkifu vufzufokyfu wjcm; qdkifeJYpm&if ydkvnf;rsm;w,f? ydkvnf;aumif;w,f? aps;vnf;

ydkoufom w,fav}}

]]obm0odyfrusbl;xifw,f/ vufzufokyfu aumif;vnf; aumif;w,f? rsm;rsm;vnf; ay;w,fqdk&if aps;usawmh

olwpfyg;qdkif xuf ydk&r,fr[kwfvm;/ tckb,hfES,faMumifh aps;ygoufomae&wmvJ}}

]]'guawmh wynfhawmf&JU arwåmapwemayghbk&m;? q&mawmf wdkYyJ w&m;awGa[mNyD; qkH;rxm;w,fr[kwfvm;? rvSLEdkif&if

aps;a&mif; qdkwmav? tck wynfhawmfrSmvnf; qif;&Jawmh csrf;omwJholawGvdk odef;oef;csDNyD; rvSLEdkifbl;bk&m;-

'Dawmh aps;a&mif;wJhtcgrSm udk,fhqdkif vm0,fwJholawG wpfjcm;qdkifawGeJY pm&if rsm;rsm;vnf;&atmif? aumif;vnf;aumif;

atmif tyifyef;cH&wmayghbk&m;}}

]]tJ'Dpdwf"mwf odyfaumif;w,f? 'Dtwdkif;yJ tpfrBuD;quf BudK;pm;? atmifjrifvmvdrfhr,f}}

arwÅmapwemudk t"duxm;NyD; pD;yGm;&Sm&if ukodkvf vnf;&r,f? tjrwfvnf;&r,f? vkyfief;vnf; tqr wefarwÅmapwemudk t"duxm;NyD; pD;yGm;&Sm&if ukodkvf vnf;&r,f? tjrwfvnf;&r,f? vkyfief;vnf; tqr wefarwÅmapwemudk t"duxm;NyD; pD;yGm;&Sm&if ukodkvf vnf;&r,f? tjrwfvnf;&r,f? vkyfief;vnf; tqr wefarwÅmapwemudk t"duxm;NyD; pD;yGm;&Sm&if ukodkvf vnf;&r,f? tjrwfvnf;&r,f? vkyfief;vnf; tqr wefarwÅmapwemudk t"duxm;NyD; pD;yGm;&Sm&if ukodkvf vnf;&r,f? tjrwfvnf;&r,f? vkyfief;vnf; tqr wef

atmifjrifr,f/ tjrwf&zd k Y t"duxm;NyD; pD;yGm;&Sm&if tjrwfom&r,f/ ukod kvfvnf; r&bl;/ wu,fatmifjrifr,f/ tjrwf&zd k Y t"duxm;NyD; pD;yGm;&Sm&if tjrwfom&r,f/ ukod kvfvnf; r&bl;/ wu,fatmifjrifr,f/ tjrwf&zd k Y t"duxm;NyD; pD;yGm;&Sm&if tjrwfom&r,f/ ukod kvfvnf; r&bl;/ wu,fatmifjrifr,f/ tjrwf&zd k Y t"duxm;NyD; pD;yGm;&Sm&if tjrwfom&r,f/ ukod kvfvnf; r&bl;/ wu,fatmifjrifr,f/ tjrwf&zd k Y t"duxm;NyD; pD;yGm;&Sm&if tjrwfom&r,f/ ukod kvfvnf; r&bl;/ wu,f

atmifjrifrIudkvnf; r&bl;/atmifjrifrIudkvnf; r&bl;/atmifjrifrIudkvnf; r&bl;/atmifjrifrIudkvnf; r&bl;/atmifjrifrIudkvnf; r&bl;/

]] uJ tpfrBuD;&JU vufzufokyfawG aumif;vnf;aumif;rsm; rsm;vnf;ay;? aps;vnf;oufomatmif

b,fvdkBudK;pm;xm;w,fqdkwm aocsmavQmufygOD;}}


- 35 -

]]wynfhawmfqdkifrSm bmyJwifa&mif;a&mif; aumif;ç rsm;ç oufom qdkwJhrlokH;csufeYJ nDatmif tNrJtm;xkwfygw,f/ 'Dvdktm;

xkwfwJh twGuf aiGtrsm;BuD; ydkrukefygbl;/ wjcm;qdkif&SifawGxuf ydkyifyef;wm yJ&Sdygw,f/ wjcm; tdrfqdkifawGu um;cukefrSm&,f?

vlyifyef;rSm&,fudk pdk;&drfNyD; vufzufeJYtaMumfpkHawGudk tr&yl&NrdKU aps;BuD;xJrSmyJ vufvD 0,fa&mif;Muw,f/ 'gaMumifh olwdkY0,fa&mif;

wJhqdkifu vufzufaumif;rS olwdkYvnf; taumif;udk a&mif;EdkifrSmyg/

rl&if;qdkifuudk raumif;&if olwdkYvnf; aumif;wm ra&mif; Edkifygbl;/ vufvD0,fNyD; jyefa&mif;&wJhtwGuf wjcm;tdrfqdkifawG[m

rsm;rsm;vnf; ray;Edkifovdk aps;vnf; avQmhra&mif;Edkifygbl;/ 'Dtcsuf awGudk tdrfqdkifawGrSm aps;0,fwdkif; wynfhawmf aocsmavhvm

pkHprf; xm;ygw,f/

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- 36 -

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tvkyfrvkyfbJ &wJhtpm[m cdk;vdkY&wJhtpm? tckigtpmpm; NyD? 'gaMumifh igtvkyfvkyf&awmhr,f/

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(xdktwdkif;vdkufemrS EdkifiHwdk;wufrnf[k *EDu,lqonf)

FFF


- 40 -


twåormyPD"dr*Fvm csdKYwJhjcif;?twåormyPD"dr*Fvm csdKYwJhjcif;?twåormyPD"dr*Fvm csdKYwJhjcif;?twåormyPD"dr*Fvm csdKYwJhjcif;?twåormyPD"dr*Fvm csdKYwJhjcif;?

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aeMujcif; jzpf\/

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aus;uRef rsm;om jzpf\/


- 41 -

edAÁmefcsrf;omudk cHpm;ae&aom or®morÁK'¨bk&m;&Sif? yapöu Ak'¨gac:bk&m;i,f? &[EÅmt&Sifjrwfrsm;ESif hwuG

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ukodkvfw&m;tm;vkH;udk ayvkyfcJhMuaom pdwf"mwf\ ocifrsm;omjzpf\/

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- 42 -

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- 43 -

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rdk;ukwfysH0J? iSufpGef&Judk

rQm;pGJEdkif&ef? toifhBuHonf

pGeYf&ef rkqdk;wpfa,mufESifh/

þjrifuGif;udk

igvQifcP? jrifvdkuf&pOf

ywf0ef;usif0,f? emusifoHwdkYvTrf;ae\/ /

(armifpGrf;&nf)


- 46 -

urÇmajrBuD;onf vlom;wdkY\ vdktyfcsufqEtwGuf

jynfpkHvkHavmufonf/

odkYaomf vlom;wdkY\avmbtwGuf

rvkHavmufay/

(r[wår*ED)

bDvf*dwf\ vkyfief;atmifjrifenf;bDvf*dwf\ vkyfief;atmifjrifenf;bDvf*dwf\ vkyfief;atmifjrifenf;bDvf*dwf\ vkyfief;atmifjrifenf;bDvf*dwf\ vkyfief;atmifjrifenf;

vlwpfa,mufatmifjrifzdkYqdkvQif raerem;tvkyfvkyf&r,f/

atmifjrifwJhtxd tjyif;txef BudK;pm;&r,f/

udk,fuÓPf &Sdr,f/ udk,fhÓPfudkvnf; b,fvdktokH;cs&rvJqdkwm

odwJhvlwpfa,muftzdkY

udk,fvdkcsifwmudk &zdkYrvGJygbl;/

tjyif;txef rBudK;pm;wJhvlwpfa,muf[m

b,fawmhrS ratmifjrifEdkifygbl;/

uHay;vdkY&wmwdkY? b,fewfbk&m;u apmifhray;vdkY &wmwdkYqdkwmrsdK;awGudk

uRefawmfvkH;0r,kHygbl;/ /

(rdkufc½kdaqmhzf ukrÜPDBuD;wnfaxmifol

urÇmhtcsrf;omqkH;ola|;BuD; bD;vf*dwf-tar&duef)


- 47 -


ysif;&djcif;udk a&mifh&Jjcif;[k txifrSm;rIysif;&djcif;udk a&mifh&Jjcif;[k txifrSm;rIysif;&djcif;udk a&mifh&Jjcif;[k txifrSm;rIysif;&djcif;udk a&mifh&Jjcif;[k txifrSm;rIysif;&djcif;udk a&mifh&Jjcif;[k txifrSm;rI

Ak'¨bmom jrefrmtrsm;pk rBuD;yGm;jcif;\ ig;ckajrmuftaMumif; rSm ysif;&drItukodkvftvkyfudk a&mifh&JrI ukodkvftvkyf[k

xifrSm;rIyif jzpf\/ Ak'u orÜ'gw&m;av;yg;wGif O|meorÜ'gt& pD;yGm;Opömudk xx<u<u vkHYv0D&d,&SdpGmjzifh &SmazG&rnf [kñTefjyxm;\/

Ak'bmom trsm;pkum; pD;yGm;a&;r&Sm&ao;cifrSmyif rdom;pk xrif;av; eyfrSefatmif pm;&&ifawmfygNyD [lí tm;avQmhypf

wwfMu\/ xdkuJhodkY vkHv0D&d,udk avQmhcsypfjcif;um; aumoZÆac: tukodkvfom jzpf\/ oEÅK|Dac: a&mifh&Jjcif;w&m; r[kwfay/

oEÅK|Dac: a&mifh&Jjcif;w&m;[lonf &&Sdvmaom pD;yGm;Opömrsm; udk umr*kPftm½kHtwGuf okH;csifovdk okH;rypfbJ

toifhtwifhavmuf om okH;NyD; avmutwGuf jyefvnfpGefYvTwf vSL'gef;rIyifjzpf\/ pD;yGm;Opömudk or®mtmZD0usus rsm;EdkiforQrsm;atmif

&SmazGNyD; rdrdtwGuf okH;cgeD;usrS tm;vkH;okH;rypfbJ avmutwGuf pGefYvTwfrIudkom oEÅK|D[k ac:\/

udk;&D;,m;rS ola|;wpfa,mufonf a&TjynfomwGif txnf csKyfpuf½kHBuD;wpfck vmzGifh\/ tqifajyojzifh aemufxyfwpf½kH

quf zGifh\/ xdkola|;onf tjcm;EdkifiHokH;av;ckwGifvnf; txnfcsKyfpuf½kH rsm; zGifhxm;ol jzpf\/ xdkudk;&D;,m; ola|;udk jrefrmola|;

wpfa,mufu ,ckuJhodkY vmajym\/

]]cifAsm; tawmfavmbBuD;wmyJ/ wjcm;EdkifiHawGrSm&SdwJh puf½kH awGeJYwif cifAsm;aqGrsdK;om;csif;tm;vkH; pm;vdkYrukefygbl;/

'geJYawmif tyifyef;cHNyD; puf½kHwpfckxyfwdk;csJUae&ao;w,f/

xdktcg udk;&D;,m;ola|; jyefajymvdkufaom pum;u-

]]yxr rdom;pktwGuf&Smw,f? 'DxufwwfEdkif&ifawmh aqG rsdK;om;csif;tm;vkH;twGuf &Smw,f/ 'DxufwwfEdkifvmawmh udk,fhEdkifiH

wpfckvkH;twGuf &Smw,f}} [l\/

rSef\/ xdkEdkifiHwGif aeaomvlrsm; csrf;omrS EdkifiHvnf; csrf;om rnfjzpf\/ xdkYaMumifh EdkifiHcsrf;omapcsifvQif t&if;tzsm;

ra&G;yJ EdkifiHom;rSeforQudk vGwfvyfpGm pD;yGm;a&;vkyfcGifh ay;oifhonf/ Zmwfawmf rsm;wGifvnf; BuD;yGm;wdk;wufvdkaom tpkd;&rif;rsm;onf

jynfh0rf;udk razmuf&[k ñTefjyxm;\/

]]jynfh0rf;udk razmuf&}}[lonf pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;udk vGwfvyfpGmvkyfudkifcGifh ay;&rnf/ tcGeftwkyftrsm; ydkrdkaumufcHjcif;?

ay:yifOya'rsm;jzifh wm;jrpfcsKyfcs,fjcif; rjyK&[kqdkvdkayonf/

xdk tcsufESifh ywfoufí -

eydkvD,H[D;vfESifh tif'½l;umeuf*sDwdkY\ tar;tajzudk avhvm Munfhyg/

[D;vf/ / [D;vf/ / [D;vf/ / [D;vf/ / [D;vf/ / tar&duef&JU pD;yGm;a&; wnfaqmufcJhwJh ykHpH[m tpdk;- &ESifh pufrSkvkyfief;&yf ESpfckygwemtpktpyftjzpf

vufawGUvkyfaqmifae Mujcif;yJ r[kwfvm;/

umeuf*sD/ / umeuf*sD/ / umeuf*sD/ / umeuf*sD/ / umeuf*sD/ / [kwfygw,f/ tckvdk tpktpyfoabm tae xm;ESifh vkyfudkifMu&mrSm tpk0ifwdkif;yJ atmifjrifrI&&SdapEdkif&eftwGuf

vdktyf wJh Oya'pnf;rsOf;rsm;udk a&;qGJvdkufem aqmif&GufMu&ayw,f/ ESpfOD; ESpfzGJUvkH;[m &&Sd&eftwGuf ay;qyfrI jyKMu&w,f/

ESpfbufpvkH;[m pdwfaumif;apwem aumif;ygwJh rdwfaqGpdwfxm;ESifh wpfbufESifh wpf buf qufqHvkyfaqmifrI jyKMu&ayw,f/

ESpfbufpvkH;[m wdkif;oljynfom; vltrsm;&JU &ydkifcGifhrsm;ESifh vkyfydkifcGifh tcGifhta&;rsm;udk todtrSwfjyKMu&w,f/ xdkYjyif ESpfbuf

pvkH;[m wdkif;oljynfom;rsm;tm; trIxrf;&GufrI jyKMu&mrSm vkdavao; r&Sd tbufbufrS jynfh0aumif;rGef uRrf;usifrIrsm;vnf;

&SdMu&ayw,f/

þudpö[m tjcm;tjcm;aom vlrIqufqHa&; udpöt00wdkYrSm vdkyJ xdkESpfzGJYonf rdrdwdkYbufrS wm0ef0wå&m;rsm; rausyGefcJhaomf

rdrd wdkYwnfaqmufxm;wJh enf;pepf[m uGJysufusqkH;NyD; Akef;Akef;vJ jzpf&rSmyJ/

tpdk;&taeeJY pufrIpD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;rSm vuf0g;BuD;tkyfrIrsKd; udk rjyKEdkif&ef jyKvkyfay;&rSm jzpfw,f/ odkYaomfvnf;

þodkYjyKvkyf&mrSm tpdk;&[m pufrIpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&yfxJ 0ifNyD; ,SOfNydKifbuf wpfOD;tjzpf odkY rusa&mufap&bl;/

xdkUjyif rw&m;ojzifh BuD;av;aom tcGeftaumufrsm; awmif; cHjcif; w&m;rQwrI r&SdwJh Oya'pnf;rsOf;rsm; csrSwfjcif;udkvnf;

pufrI pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif 0efydatmif wDxGifOD;aqmifrI pdwfxm;rsm; avQmh yg;oGm;atmif aiGtvkH;t&if;udk tokH;rjyK0Hhatmif

rvkyfaqmif&bl;/

tpdk;&bufrS vkyfaqmif&r,fh aumif;rGefaomtcsufrsm;u awmh pufrIpD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;&yfrsm; vkyfaqmifaewJh

woD;yk*¾vrsm;&JU pwifOD;aqmif wDxGifrI jyKjcif;ESifh wdkif;oljynfom; vltrsm;wdkY&JU Mum; rSmaeNyD; tusdK;wl yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIrsm;udk

jzpfatmif pD;rHay;&rSm jzpfw,f/


- 48 -

yifv,fa&ESifh jrpfa&yifv,fa&ESifh jrpfa&yifv,fa&ESifh jrpfa&yifv,fa&ESifh jrpfa&yifv,fa&ESifh jrpfa&

yifv,fa&onf rsm;\/ odkYaomf iHonfhtwGufaMumifh rnfolrQ aomufokH;ír&/ jrpfa&onf enf;\/ odkYaomf

csdKonfhtwGuf aMumifh owå0gwdkif;aomuf okH;í&\/ xdkYtwl rolawmfvufxJ a&mufoGm;aom OpömaiGaMu; rsm;onf

yifv,fa&uJhodkY rnfolY twGufrS tusdK;r&Sd/ olawmfaumif; vufxJa&mufoGm;aom OpömaMu;aiGrsm; onf jrpfa&ESifhwl\/

tm;vkH;twGuf tusdK;&Sd\/ xdkYaMumifh olawmfaumif;jzpfaom Ak'bmom0ifrsm;onf olwpfyg;xuf ydkí pD;yGm;Opömudk

&SmazGoifh\/

Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm; csrf;omvQif wjcm;bmom0ifrsm;vnf; csrf;omrnf jzpf\/ taMumif;um; Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;onfAk'¨bmom0ifrsm; csrf;omvQif wjcm;bmom0ifrsm;vnf; csrf;omrnf jzpf\/ taMumif;um; Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;onfAk'¨bmom0ifrsm; csrf;omvQif wjcm;bmom0ifrsm;vnf; csrf;omrnf jzpf\/ taMumif;um; Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;onfAk'¨bmom0ifrsm; csrf;omvQif wjcm;bmom0ifrsm;vnf; csrf;omrnf jzpf\/ taMumif;um; Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;onfAk'¨bmom0ifrsm; csrf;omvQif wjcm;bmom0ifrsm;vnf; csrf;omrnf jzpf\/ taMumif;um; Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;onf

bmom ra&G; vlrsdK;ra&G;? axmufyHhay;urf;wwfaomaMumifhyifwnf;/ rif;wkef;rif;BuD;onf aqmf'Dtma&AsEdkifiH? ruúmNrdKUwGifbmom ra&G; vlrsdK;ra&G;? axmufyHhay;urf;wwfaomaMumifhyifwnf;/ rif;wkef;rif;BuD;onf aqmf'Dtma&AsEdkifiH? ruúmNrdKUwGifbmom ra&G; vlrsdK;ra&G;? axmufyHhay;urf;wwfaomaMumifhyifwnf;/ rif;wkef;rif;BuD;onf aqmf'Dtma&AsEdkifiH? ruúmNrdKUwGifbmom ra&G; vlrsdK;ra&G;? axmufyHhay;urf;wwfaomaMumifhyifwnf;/ rif;wkef;rif;BuD;onf aqmf'Dtma&AsEdkifiH? ruúmNrdKUwGifbmom ra&G; vlrsdK;ra&G;? axmufyHhay;urf;wwfaomaMumifhyifwnf;/ rif;wkef;rif;BuD;onf aqmf'Dtma&AsEdkifiH? ruúmNrdKUwGif

tpövmrf bk&m;zl;rsm; wnf;ckdEd kif&ef Z&yfBuD;wpfaqmif aqmufvkyf vSL'gef; zl;\/tpövmrf bk&m;zl;rsm; wnf;ckdEd kif&ef Z&yfBuD;wpfaqmif aqmufvkyf vSL'gef; zl;\/tpövmrf bk&m;zl;rsm; wnf;ckdEd kif&ef Z&yfBuD;wpfaqmif aqmufvkyf vSL'gef; zl;\/tpövmrf bk&m;zl;rsm; wnf;ckdEd kif&ef Z&yfBuD;wpfaqmif aqmufvkyf vSL'gef; zl;\/tpövmrf bk&m;zl;rsm; wnf;ckdEd kif&ef Z&yfBuD;wpfaqmif aqmufvkyf vSL'gef; zl;\/

temBuD;a0'em&Sifrsm;tm; tjcm;bmom0ifrsm; vma&muf axmufyHhvSL'gef;Muyg\/ odkYaomf olwdkYbmom0if rdom;pkrsm;udkom

axmufyHh\/ Ak'bmom0ifrsm;udk raxmufyHhay/ olwdkYbmom usrf;*ef rsm;u bmomjcm;rsm;udk raxmufyHh&[k ñTefMum;xm;aMumif;

opöma& pif pmtkyfwGif zwf½I&\/

Ak'um; vdktyfaom ae&mwGif bmomra&G;? vlrsdK;ra&G; vSL 'gef;&rnf[k ñTefjycJh\/ Ak'vufxufawmfu Oygvdol<u,fonf

ed*@ em#ykwåudk udk;uG,foljzpf\/ ,ckacwfwGif *sdrf;*dkPf;(*sdef;bkef;BuD;) [kac:\/ olaomwmyefwnfNyD; Ak'bmom0ifjzpfoGm;aomtcg

ed*@*dkPf;om;rsm;udk t&ifuuJhodkY vSLNrJvSLEdkifaMumif; Ak'ucGifhjyKcJh\/

þum; wjcm;bmoma&; acgif;aqmifrsm;xufomaom Ak'\ oabmxm;BuD;rm;rIyif jzpf\/ pma&;ol temBuD;a&m*gonf

&GmESpf&Gm odkY oGm;a&mufvSL'gef;aom tcgwGifvnf; vkH;0bmomcGJjcm;jcif; rjyKyg/ Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;udka&m wjcm;bmom0ifrsm;udkyg

tnDtrQ cGJa0vSL'gef; cJh\/ þtcsufrsm;aMumifh Ak'bmom0ifrsm; csrf;omvQif vlom;tm; vkH;csrf;omrnf[k qdkcJhjcif;jzpf\/

jrpfa&ESifhwlaom ola|;BuD;wpfa,muftaMumif;udk ,ckacwf vli,frsm;twGuf "r®mp&d, OD;a|;vIdifa&;om;aom ]"r®'lw}

usrf; 'kwd,wGJrS aumufEIwfazmfjyvdkufayonf/

armif;axmifola|; OD;jr&marmif;axmifola|; OD;jr&marmif;axmifola|; OD;jr&marmif;axmifola|; OD;jr&marmif;axmifola|; OD;jr&m

-1-

]]&SifzGm;&Sifa&? [dkrSm uGrf;awmifbk&m;qDu vSnf;awGvmae w,f/ a&aEG;tdk;uav; qlatmifrD;zdkem;uyfxm;vdkufygOD;}}

udkjr&monf Al;oD;aMumf aMumfaeaom ZeD;tm; vSrf;íajym&if; c&D;onfrsm; rD;vIH&ef xif;rD;zdkudk uysmu,m jyifqifvdkuf\/

rzGm;&Sif onf taMumfaMumf&if; ajrmufbufodkY vSrf;arQmfMunfh&m ESif;rIHzGJzGJwGif &GmqDodkY vmaeaom vSnf;tkyfBuD;udk roJruGJjrifae&\/

]]awmfuvnf; tJ'gxm;ygOD;? 'DrSmAl;oD;ulvSD;ygOD;/ vSnf;awG utrsm;BuD;aerSmawmh}}

udkjr&monf ]at;yguG} [kajymajymqdkqdk caemfceJY ,dkifeJYae aom pm;yGJwpfckü xdkifum Al;oD;vSD;&ef [efjyifvdkuf\/ ajrxnfa&aEG;

c&m;tdk;udkvnf; taMumfaMumfaeaom rD;zdkteD;rS qGJ,lvdkuf\/ rD;vIH &efzdkxm;aom rD;zdkodkY ajymif;a&TUwnf&ef xdyfüoGyfeef;jzifh ezm;azmuf

wkyfcsDxm;aom okH;acsmif;axmufuav;udk rD;zdkay:ü cGícsJí tqif oifhjyifvdkuf\/

a,musfm;awGqdkwm a&aEG;ususESifh ylyluav; wpfcGuf avmuf aomufvdkuf&&if tifrwefoabmuswm &Sifr&JU/ a&aEG;

yGufyGufql zdkYta&;BuD;w,f/ wcsdKUa&mif;wJholawGu a&aEG;qdk NyD;a&m? qlqlrqlql xnfhay;wwfMuw,f/ apwem rygMubl;/ rvSLwwf

aps;a&mif;qdkwmvdk vufzuf&nfav;wpfcGufavmuf apwemygygeJY c&D;oGm;awGudk wdkuf&wJh ukodkvfvnf; renf;ygbl;uGm}}

udkjr&mwdkY ZeD;armifESHonf tdrfajcwpfaxmifcefY&Sd armif;axmif &GmBuD;\ ajrmufbufü Al;oD;aMumf a&mif;csjcif;jzifh

toufarG;Mu\/ t&if;tESD;r&Sdí qdkifBuD;? uem;BuD;vnf; ra&mif;Edkif v,f,m? rdk;ajr r&Sd/ trsm;enf;wl awmifolv,form;vnf;

rvkyfEdkif/ odkY&mwGif a&- aEG;Murf;uav; wpfcGufupí olYpdwfxm;udk jrifEdkif\/

,kwfpGmhtqkH; pOfhvufzuf&nf yef;uefvkH;uav;rsm;udkyif rMumcP wdkufcRwfaq;aMumay;\/ &Gmt0if vSnf;0dkif;rsm; pwnf;cs

&m refusnf;yif0dkif;BuD;atmuf&Sd Z&yfudkvnf; aeYpOf wHjrufpnf;vSJavh &Sd\/ opfyifatmuf&Sd c&D;onfrsm;? EGm;rsm;pGefYypfxm;cJhaom

trIdufo½kduf tnpftaMu;rsm;udkvnf; aeYpOfwHjrufodrf;onf/ xdkrQru-

]]&Sifra&? olrsm;enf;wl tvSLBuD;ray;Edkifayr,fh rylygeJYuGm 'Drefusnf;yifBuD;atmuf a&csrf;pifrSm aqmif;? aEG? rdk; a&cyfxnfh&wJh

tvSLvnf; renf;ygbl;/ a&tusdK;q,fyg;wJh}} [krMumcPajymavh&Sd um aeYpOfokH;zmvkHavmufa0;aom a&uefrS armif;axmifjzpf

opfap; yvkH; a&cyfykH;ESpfykH;jzifh udk,fwdkifxrf;NyD; xnfhay;avhvnf;&Sdonf/

udkjr&mwdkY ZeD;armifESHü qif;&Jaomfvnf; twk,lp&m rsm;pGm &Sd\/ yxrqkH;csaom tdk;uif;rS taMumftenf;i,fudk z,fxm;NyD;rS

a&mif;csonf/ xdktaMumfOD;udkrl qGrf;Asyfqdkif;xrf;vmaom armifausmif; om; &GmxJodkY tvmwGif OD;pGmavmif;vSLMuonf/


- 49 -

rnfolurS a[mjyí? apcdkif;íjyK&jcif; r[kwf/ yifudk,ftod ÓPf? udk,fydkif apwemt& aqmif&GufMujcif;jzpfí

wHjrufvSJa&cyfwm utp yifyef;onfr&Sd/ auseyfíyif aeMu\/ xdkauseyfrIonf aomreó o[*kwf? ÓPorÜ,kwf? tocFg&du

r[mukodkvfpdwfBuD;yif jzpf\/

aomreóo[*kwf = 0rf;ajrmufESpfoufrIESifh wuGjzpfaom?

ÓPorÜ,kwf = todÓPfESifh,SOfaom?

tocFg&du = rnfolurQ rwdkufwGef;&aom?

r[mukodkvfpdwf = BuD;us,fjrifhjrwf aumif;usdK;ay;wwf aom jzLpifaom tod/

udkjr&m\ ZeD; rzGm;&Sifonf bkwvifNrdKUoljzpf\/ udkjr&muJh odkYyif or®mtmZD0 us&mra&G; vufvkyfvufpm; vkyfudkifpm;aomuf&J

aom tdrf&SifrwpfOD; jzpfonfhtjyif aus;vufokH;jrefrmh½kd;&m rkeffYrsdK;pkH udkvnf; vkyfwwf\/ &Hcg tcg&moDtvdkuf [if;oD;[if;&GufrS

tp? txnfvdyfrsm;txd yckH;xrf; &GmpOfavQmufívnf; a&mif;cs wwfonf/ Al;oD;aMumfESifh rkefYysm;ovufrS pcJhaom xdkZeD;armifESHrSm

ZGJnDojzifh rMumrDyif v,f{utenf;i,f 0,f,lEdkifí v,f,m orm; ZeD;armifESH jzpfvmMu\/ v,fvkyfief;tm;vyfcsdefwGif rkefYvkyfa&mif;cs

jcif;udkvnf; vufrvTwf taMumfonf? rkefYonfb0wGif olwumESifh rwlaom ajymprSwfuav;rsm; &SdouJhodkY wpfqifhwufvmaom

udkjr&mwdkY ZeD;armifESH\ v,form;b0rSmvnf; ajymp&m? twk,lp&m? tpOftvm v,form;wdkYESifh rwl/ wrlxl;&Sm;aom

vkyfuGufuav;rsm;udk awGUjrif Mu&onf/

rsKd;pyg;axmif;í qGrf;vSLolrsKd;pyg;axmif;í qGrf;vSLolrsKd;pyg;axmif;í qGrf;vSLolrsKd;pyg;axmif;í qGrf;vSLolrsKd;pyg;axmif;í qGrf;vSLol

-2-

]]a[h armifjr&m? armif;axmif;aeovm;? rdk;awG&GmvdkY xGefa&; ta&;BuD;aeMucsdefrSm rkefYvkyfaeMujyefNyDvm;? olrsm;awG

ysdK;awmif axmifukefMuNyD}}

rzGm;&Sifu armif;qkHBuD;ü xdkifum udkjr&mudk,fwdkifaemufykdif; u armif;axmif;ay;aeonfudk jrifí tdrfeD;csif; OD;av;BuD;wpfOD;u

ceJYwJhwJh EIwfqufvdkufjcif; jzpf\/

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-3-

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-4-

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-5-

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-6-

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OD;jr&m\ ajr;jrpfrsm;yifwnf;/


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(OD;jr&mESifh ywfoufí tjzpftysufrsm; BudK;pm;pkaqmif;ay; Muaom armif;axmif&GmrS OD;armifBuD;? OD;atmif0if; (0if;"mwfykH)?

OD;tkH;azESifh OD;jr&m\ajr; OD;ÓPf0if;polwdkYtm; aus;Zl;wif rSwfwrf;jyK yg\/ )

OD;jr&m\ a&wGif;ausmufpmordkif;OD;jr&m\ a&wGif;ausmufpmordkif;OD;jr&m\ a&wGif;ausmufpmordkif;OD;jr&m\ a&wGif;ausmufpmordkif;OD;jr&m\ a&wGif;ausmufpmordkif;

aumZmouú&mZf (1291) ckESpfwGif OD;jr&m+rzGm;&SifESifh om;orD; wpfpkwdkYu trsm;jynfol cyf,lokH;pGJ&ef aumif;rGefcsKdNrdefvSpGmaom

a&rsm;udk &&SdonfhtwGuf ESpfoufMunfEl;pGm oHydkif;pmudk pdkufum wnfxm; vdkygojzifh armif;axmif&Gm ynm&Sdtarmf trdefYawmf&rif;

OD;bdk;wif pDpOfa&;om;aom {uydk'fvuFm oHydkif;pm...

(aZ,swk)

wnfpdrfh&SnfMum? oHydkif;jzmydrfh

acwfZmwdaygif;? wdkufwpfaomif;wGif? ½kdufanmif;aqmfwD; yJhwif[D;rQ? aumif;csD;vlvl? wHcGefxlvQuf

ZrÁLawmifuRef;? raZöß0Srf;0,f? yGifhxGef;cJhaom

wdkYjrwfzsm;vQif? w&m;&om? NrdKufMoZmjzifh

owå0gvl? cyfodrf;oludk? q,f,lu,fEdkif

a&TjynfcdkifodkY? wdkifwdkifab;vGwf? ydkYay;wwfonf

vlewfq&m? &wem[k? r[m0D&? 0g,rjzifh

vkHYvtacgif? aAm"danmifü? ajcmufa&mifvsH0g?

ÓPfpBuFmjzifh? opöm&J&J? yGifhqJqJvQif

tHhtJrEdkif? ig;rm&fydkifudk? zufNydKifEIdif;ay:

wkrarQmfom;? bkef;awmfxGef;vpf? jrwf&Sifcspfvnf;

pifppfedAÁmef? aysmfatmifpHaemuf?

<uif;usef&pfol? ewfESifhvludk? u,f,lpdrfhiSm

u½kPmjzifh? vSpfumrdefY>ruf? "r®pufvQif

xGef;vif;aea&mif? ruaqmifí? av;axmif&Spfaomif;

ocsFmaqmif;onfh? aomif;"r®u©ef? twefwefudk

zefzefuyfqnf;? em,lNyD;vQif? rNiD;tHhzG,f

tif&SpfoG,fjzifh? eufus,ft0Srf;? axmufrnfprf;vnf;

rpGrf;Edkif&m? omoemudk? &Snfvsm;wnfom;? tm½kHxm;í

a&S;oGmwEÅd? yrmñSdaomf? od&d"r®m? taomum[k

onmawmfvif;? uRef;vkH;rif;onf? a&wGif;a&uef?

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rnDrjcm;? uJhtvm;odkY? xif&Sm;*kPfa&mif

&Gmarmif;axmifwGif;? vif;ajymifawmufxdef? emwydPfodkY

pnf;pdrfraoG? v,f,majrESifh? a&TaiGausmufoH? zdwf,kdvsHrQ a&S;uHa`rSmufyifh? NydKifr0Hhatmif? xGef;wifhorÇm

ODjr&mESifh? 0domcgoGif? yrmwifom;?

uRrf;usifvdr®m? t&m&m0,f? o'gjzLpGmh

wlwuGvQif? b0a&puf? yefyEéufí

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&wemrnf? bkHavmuDwGif? cspf&nfvif;opf

armifbcspfESifh? ypö,jzm? aMumif;[kyfygí

yrmaev? a&TESifhjrodkY? ½lya&mif&Sdef

rat;pdef[k? 0if;xdefMunfat;? jrifolai;rQ

,Ofaus;rl,m? tifig;jzmESifh? pkHpGmjynfhusL;

acR;rxl;wnfh? avSmfOD;od*Ð? ykHtnDodkY


- 56 -

&wDpdefrSD;? ½IrNiD;onfh? orD;&ifESpf?

rarcspfESifh? aESmif&pfyEéuf? a&S;txufu

a&pufvSLum? jzLo'gjzifh? yw¬emo

jyKcJhMuí? wlrQpkvsm;? qufqHnm;onfh

om;&if;MoZm? uJhyrmodkY? ynmwifhqef;

udkb*srf;wdkY? yGifhvef;apwem? MunfjzLpGmjzifh

atmufygvSLzG,f? toG,foG,fjzifh? wifhw,fa0qm

pDrHjzmvQuf? &Gmyge,fvkH;? jynf&GmusHK;? aomufokH;pdrfhiSm

aiGojymudk? o'grav;? ig;axmifaMu;udk?

ay;ívQifpGm? ajrausmufjzmudk? azmufcgxGif;,l

a&S;urlvnf;? b,folwpfOD;? r&bl;&Sifh

axGaxGckcg?'g,um\? o'gaZm[kef

ajymrukefatmif? avmufvkHazG;jzL? &omMuLonf

twlqufa0;? ewfa&at;udk? atmufaus;ajrrS

ay:xGuf&\? {ç 'Gç aem{uf? ouú&mZfü

ajcjrpfckdifrm? tkwf&efumvQuf? oGef;jzma&puf

ajruGJtufrQ? wdk;wufMunfpGm? vSLqufygonf

urÇmywfvkH;wnfapaomf/ /

tvSLukodkvfrsm; wefzdk;aiGpm&if;tvSLukodkvfrsm; wefzdk;aiGpm&if;tvSLukodkvfrsm; wefzdk;aiGpm&if;tvSLukodkvfrsm; wefzdk;aiGpm&if;tvSLukodkvfrsm; wefzdk;aiGpm&if;

1/ ausmif;ESifhausmif;OD; jyó'fwefaqmif; wefzdk; 2500d/

2/ a&wGif;ESifh tkwfwHwdkif; wefzdk;aiG 2000d/

3/ oHCduZ&yfBuD;av;aqmif 1000d/

4/ a&uefESifh a&wHcg; wefzdk;aiG 1500d/

5/ tkwfwHwdkif;BuD;ESifh apwDawmf 1500d/

6/ bk&m;jyifqifjcif;aiG 500d/

7/ t&yf&yf'geay;urf;vSL'gef;aiG 2500d/

8/ oHCduvrf;twGuf udk,fydkifajrvSL'gef;jcif; - wefzdk;rwGuf/

t&yf&yfvSL'gef;ay;urf;aiGaygif; 12000d/

]ouú&mZf 1291 ckESpf? ewfawmfvqef; (3)&uf}

rSwfcsuf/ / rSwfcsuf/ / rSwfcsuf/ / rSwfcsuf/ / rSwfcsuf/ / vGefcJhaom 78-ESpfcefYuvSL'gef;aiG yrmPjzpfonf/

aiGESifh t&dyfaiGESifh t&dyfaiGESifh t&dyfaiGESifh t&dyfaiGESifh t&dyf

vlonf t&dyfaemufodkY vkdufvQif b,faomtcgrSrrD/

t&dyfum; vdkufavajy;avjzpf\/

t&dyfaemufrvdkufawmhbJ udk,fvrf;udk,foGm;vQif

t&dyfu aemufrS jyefvdkuf\/

xdkYtwl

arwåmapwemrxm;bJ aiGaemufodkY '&Murf;vdkufum

pD;yGm;&SmvQif b,faomtcgrQ ratmifjrif/

aiGaemufrvdkufbJ arwåmapwemaemufvdkufum

tvkyfudk tm½kHpdkufBudK;pm;vQif

aiGu aemufrS waumufaumufjyefvdkuf\/


- 57 -


tcsdefwefzdk;udk rodjcif;tcsdefwefzdk;udk rodjcif;tcsdefwefzdk;udk rodjcif;tcsdefwefzdk;udk rodjcif;tcsdefwefzdk;udk rodjcif;

Ak'bmom jrefrmtrsm;pk rBuD;yGm;jcif;\ ajcmufckajrmuf taMumif;onf tcsdefwefzdk;udk rodrIyif jzpf\/ avmuwGif wefzdk;jzwf

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jzpfEdkif\/ urÇmausmf *Dwynm&SifBuD;vnf; jzpfEdkif\/

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wefzdk;jzwfír&[k qdkcJhjcif;jzpf\/

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jzpf\/jzpf\/jzpf\/jzpf\/jzpf\/

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BuD;yGm;wdk;wufr,fvdkY xifygovJ}}

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- 58 -

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taeeJYuawmh tvkyfwpfckuae tjcm;tvkyf wpfck ajymif;vkyfwmudk tem;,lw,fvdkY oabmxm;w,f}}

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tem;uyfrcHMueJY }} [kowday;awmfrlcJh\/

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ynm rJhvlrdkufwdkY\ tcsdeftokH;csrI rwlykHudk jyaom*gxmwpf*gxm &zl;\/ xdk*gxmum;-

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jrL;wl;aysmfyg; upm;jcif;? tdyfjcif;? jiif;ckefcdkuf&ef pum; rsm;jcif;jzifh tcsdefumvudk ukefvGefaponf}}


- 59 -

[lí jzpf\/ þum; tcsdefESifhywfoufaom ygVd*gxmjzpf\/ ,ck tcsdefESifhywfoufaom jrefrmuAsmokH;yk'fudk azmfjyí

þtcef;udk ed*kH;csKyfvdkufyg\/

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or®wjzpfcJhw,f/

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atmifjrifrI o&zlaqmif;

urÇmudk cg;apmif;wif&atmif/ /

armifESif;yef;(a&eHacsmif;)


- 60 -

tcsdef&JUwefzdk;tcsdef&JUwefzdk;tcsdef&JUwefzdk;tcsdef&JUwefzdk;tcsdef&JUwefzdk;

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(jynfwGif;? jynfyomoemjyK bmoEÅ&pG,fpkH ynm&Sif

t&SifÓPdu-ajrmif;jr)


- 61 -


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awmif;,l&m O,smOfapmifhu oabmwlav\/ xdktcg qif;&Jom;onf pk½kH;upm;aeMuaom uav;rsm;xHoGm;um xef;vsufa<u;NyD;

O,smOf twGif; xif;opfcufrsm;udk O,smOfwHcg;0ü pkykHap&m wpfcPjzifh NyD;av \/


- 62 -

rif;tokH;taqmif tkd;awmfvkyfonf xif;vdkuf&SmaepOf O,smOft0ü tqifoifh awGU&aomxif;rsm;udk tojymq,fhajcmufusyf

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ay;vdkuf\/

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1/ qufqHa&;ynm/

2/ ukefoG,fa&;udk uRrf;usifaomynm/

3/ azmufonf&atmif ,lEdkifaomynm/


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4/ aps;uGufudk xdef;csKyfEdkifaom ynm/

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plVao|dZmwfudk rSwfwrf;wifcJhjcif;yif jzpf\/ qif;&Jom;onf yef;onf rsm;ESifh jruf&dwform;rsm;udk xef;vsufa<u;NyD; a&wdkufjcif;onf

qufqH a&;ynmyif jzpf\/

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ynm yifjzpf\/ jruf&dwform;rsm;xHrS jrufxkH;ig;&mudk tvum;&,lNyD; ]uREfkyfjrufawG ra&mif;&rcsif; oifwdkYjrufawG ra&mif;ygESifh[k

wm;jrpf xm;jcif;onf aps;uGufudk xdef;csKyfEdkifaom ynmyifjzpf\/

ukefwifoabFmBuD;vmaomtcg vufpGyfwpfuGif; t&if;pdkuf ½kHESifh ukefonfwpf&mxHrS aiGESpfodef;wpfxdkifwnf; xGufvmatmif

vkyf Edkifjcif;onf ukefoG,fa&; (yGJpm;) ynmESifh azmufonf&atmif ,lEdkif aomynmwdkYudk wpfNydKifeuf tokH;csjyjcif;yif jzpf\/

pmayudk zwf½Ijcif;onf xdkuJhodkY vufawGUtokH; cs&ef twGuf jzpf\/ pmayudk zwf½kHomzwfNyD; vufawGY tokH;rcsvQifpmayudk zwf½Ijcif;onf xdkuJhodkY vufawGUtokH; cs&ef twGuf jzpf\/ pmayudk zwf½kHomzwfNyD; vufawGY tokH;rcsvQifpmayudk zwf½Ijcif;onf xdkuJhodkY vufawGUtokH; cs&ef twGuf jzpf\/ pmayudk zwf½kHomzwfNyD; vufawGY tokH;rcsvQifpmayudk zwf½Ijcif;onf xdkuJhodkY vufawGUtokH; cs&ef twGuf jzpf\/ pmayudk zwf½kHomzwfNyD; vufawGY tokH;rcsvQifpmayudk zwf½Ijcif;onf xdkuJhodkY vufawGUtokH; cs&ef twGuf jzpf\/ pmayudk zwf½kHomzwfNyD; vufawGY tokH;rcsvQif

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pmwwfygvQuf pmrzwfolonf jyLwif;aygufygvsuf ydwfxm;aom tdrfESif h wl\/ pmzwfygvQuf odonfhtwdkif;pmwwfygvQuf pmrzwfolonf jyLwif;aygufygvsuf ydwfxm;aom tdrfESif h wl\/ pmzwfygvQuf odonfhtwdkif;pmwwfygvQuf pmrzwfolonf jyLwif;aygufygvsuf ydwfxm;aom tdrfESif h wl\/ pmzwfygvQuf odonfhtwdkif;pmwwfygvQuf pmrzwfolonf jyLwif;aygufygvsuf ydwfxm;aom tdrfESif h wl\/ pmzwfygvQuf odonfhtwdkif;pmwwfygvQuf pmrzwfolonf jyLwif;aygufygvsuf ydwfxm;aom tdrfESif h wl\/ pmzwfygvQuf odonfhtwdkif;

rusifholonf jyLwif; ayguf zGifhxm;ygvsuf tjyifbufudk rMunfhaomol ESifhwl\/rusifholonf jyLwif; ayguf zGifhxm;ygvsuf tjyifbufudk rMunfhaomol ESifhwl\/rusifholonf jyLwif; ayguf zGifhxm;ygvsuf tjyifbufudk rMunfhaomol ESifhwl\/rusifholonf jyLwif; ayguf zGifhxm;ygvsuf tjyifbufudk rMunfhaomol ESifhwl\/rusifholonf jyLwif; ayguf zGifhxm;ygvsuf tjyifbufudk rMunfhaomol ESifhwl\/

[laom 'óeudk pmzwfolwdkif; txl;owdjyKoifh\/

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twk,l&rnfh *sife&,farmfwm twk,l&rnfh *sife&,farmfwm twk,l&rnfh *sife&,farmfwm twk,l&rnfh *sife&,farmfwm twk,l&rnfh *sife&,farmfwm (GM) um;ukrÜPDum;ukrÜPDum;ukrÜPDum;ukrÜPDum;ukrÜPD

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rsm;ESifh udk,fwdkif vkdufawGYNyD; vdktifqE´trSefudk odatmif ar;jref;pkHprf; Mu\/ xdktcg ypönf;wpfckonf aumif;½kH? pdwfcs&½kH?

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tvkyfvkyfcsifatmif aphaqmfpdwfudk;rsdK;tvkyfvkyfcsifatmif aphaqmfpdwfudk;rsdK;tvkyfvkyfcsifatmif aphaqmfpdwfudk;rsdK;tvkyfvkyfcsifatmif aphaqmfpdwfudk;rsdK;tvkyfvkyfcsifatmif aphaqmfpdwfudk;rsdK;

1/ arwåmpdwf\ vIyf&Sm;rSK (EGrf;yg;olrsm;udk ay;urf;axmufyhH vdkaompdwf)/

2/ vdifpdwf\ vIyf&Skm;rSK (rdrdcspfaom ZeD;r,m;udk ay;urf;vdk aompdwf)/

3/ aiGaMu;<u,f0vdkaom qE/

4/ rdrdudk,fudk ab;tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;vdkaom qE/

5/ cEmESifh pdwf\vGwfvyfjcif;udk vdkvm;aomqE/

6/ ausmfapjcif;ESifh todtrSwfjyKjcif;udk cH,l&&SdvdkaomqE/


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7/ aoqkH;NyD;aemuf tqufrjywf b0wpfck qufvuf&,lvdk aomqE/

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aemufNyD;awmh aysmf&Gifpdwf BuD;rm;xufoef wJhol qdkwm olYudk,foleJY olYb0udkom ta&;wBuD;oabm xm;jcif;

trIudkvnf; rjyKbl;/ rdrd udk,fa&;udk,fwm onfom ta&;tBuD;qkH; jzpfNyD; rdrdb0onfom eufeJrI &Sdw,fvdkY rdrdtwGuf

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bmjzpfw,fqdkwmudkawmh uREfkyfaocsmpGm rod&yg bl;/

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ykwå&monf olYkwynfhudk y&dedAÁmefpHrnfhaeYwGif qGrf;wpfeyfawmh 0atmif bkOf;ay;oGm;&ygap[laom apwemjzifh avmouwdórax&fudk

ac:um ESpfyg;twl qGrf;cH <uoGm;Mu\/

tHhMop&m aumif;aypG/ avmouwdórax&f ygaomaMumifh t*¾om0ujzpfaom t&Sifom&dykwå&mudkyif qGrf;avmif;rnfhol

wpfa,mufrQ r&Sdawmhay/ xdkYaMumifh avmouwdórax&fudk ausmif; jyefcdkif;NyD; wpfyg;wnf; qGrf;cH<u&\/ wpfyg;wnf; jyef<uaomtcg

wGifum; avmif;vSLrnfholrsm; ykHxyfae\/

t&Sifom&dykwå&mu ausmif;odkY qGrf;pm;trD jyef<urnfjyK&m 'umç'umrrsm;u tdrfrSmyif qGrf;bkOf;ay;cdkif;NyD; avmouwdó

rax&ftwGuf oydwfxJwGif qGrf;rsm;? [if;rsm;xnfhí 'umwpfa,muf tm; ausmif;odk Y tyd k Yck dif;vd kuf\/ 'umonf

avmouwdórax&fudk arhavsmhum qGrf;cJzG,frsm;udk vrf;rSmyif pm;ypfvdkuf\/

t&Sifom&dykwå&m ausmif;odkY jyefa&mufaomtcg qGrf;pm; ausmif;xJwGif wpfyg;wnf; xdkifapmifhvsuf&Sdaom avmouwdó

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okH;aqmif rDS0J&aom pwkr"kaq;rsm;udk avmif;vSLvdkuf\/ rax&f jrwfBuD;onf tvsiftjref jyef<uvmum pwkr"koydwfudk ydkufxm;NyD;

avmouwdórax&ftm; vufjzifhEIduf,lum bkOf;ay;ap\/ avmo uwdórax&fvufxJ oydwfudkxnfhay;vdkufvsif pwkr"krsm;

aysmufoGm;rnf pdk;aomaMumifh udk,fawmfwdkif oydwfudk ydkufxm;jcif; jzpf\/

xdkpwkr"kudk bkOf;ay;NyD; y&dedAÁmef 0ifpH&\/ xdkYaMumifh &[EÅm jzpfwdkif;vnf; bkef;rBuD;? bkef;BuD;wdkif;vnf; &[EÅmr[kwf}

[kqdk&jcif; jzpf\/ jrefrmtcsif;csif; wdk;wufBuD;yGm;atmif ulnD apmifhrEdkifMuygap/

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jzpfwmcsif; tyg,fuswmcsif; wlaomf vnf; Muufrsm;? bJrsm; arG;jcif;u MuufObJO pm;NyD;rS tyg,fus&\/jzpfwmcsif; tyg,fuswmcsif; wlaomf vnf; Muufrsm;? bJrsm; arG;jcif;u MuufObJO pm;NyD;rS tyg,fus&\/jzpfwmcsif; tyg,fuswmcsif; wlaomf vnf; Muufrsm;? bJrsm; arG;jcif;u MuufObJO pm;NyD;rS tyg,fus&\/jzpfwmcsif; tyg,fuswmcsif; wlaomf vnf; Muufrsm;? bJrsm; arG;jcif;u MuufObJO pm;NyD;rS tyg,fus&\/jzpfwmcsif; tyg,fuswmcsif; wlaomf vnf; Muufrsm;? bJrsm; arG;jcif;u MuufObJO pm;NyD;rS tyg,fus&\/

remvdkjcif;ESifh 0efwdkjcif;udk arG;jrLolum; bmrQrpm;&bJ tyg,fus&aomaMumifh wnf;/remvdkjcif;ESifh 0efwdkjcif;udk arG;jrLolum; bmrQrpm;&bJ tyg,fus&aomaMumifh wnf;/remvdkjcif;ESifh 0efwdkjcif;udk arG;jrLolum; bmrQrpm;&bJ tyg,fus&aomaMumifh wnf;/remvdkjcif;ESifh 0efwdkjcif;udk arG;jrLolum; bmrQrpm;&bJ tyg,fus&aomaMumifh wnf;/remvdkjcif;ESifh 0efwdkjcif;udk arG;jrLolum; bmrQrpm;&bJ tyg,fus&aomaMumifh wnf;/

aemif&if;nD&if;? EG,fruif;aom? om;csif;rsdK;azmf? tausmfxif&Sm;? aqGawmfrsm;udk w&m;rysuf? arwåm qufí?

rzsufqD;rSK? csD;ajr§mufjyKavmh? oludk,fcsD;ajr§muf? udk,fh*kPfajr§muf\? ,Gif;azmuftvdk? 0efrwdkESifh? oludk,f*kPfESdrfh?

udk,f*kPfedrfh\/ (rCa'0)

£ómç rapä? ESpfaxG[de? xdk"r®wdkY? usa&mufudef;cdk? ,if;yk*d¾Kvfum;? xdkþumv? b0tpü? r&aumif;usdK;? rwdk;*kPfodrf?

t&SdefrJhuif;? qif;&JwGif;odkY? oufqif; wwfay? odkYjzpfaxGaMumifh t&SnfarQmfaxmuf? qif;&J aMumufí? atmuftyg,f0#f?

uif;vdkvwfaomf? ow¬K &efESpf? qd k;tnpfudk? t&pft&H? yl;rcHbJ? wGef;vSefy,fcGif;? jyKxdkufvsif;onf?

twGif;&efolygwum;/ rif;&efolyg wum;/ /

(a&T[oFmawm& pwkw¬pHausmif;q&mawmf)


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oifhtvdkqE´twdkif;omoifhtvdkqE´twdkif;omoifhtvdkqE´twdkif;omoifhtvdkqE´twdkif;omoifhtvdkqE´twdkif;om

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om;csif; tm;vkH;udk axmufyHhauR;arG;zdkYavmuf &nf&G,fí &SmazGvsif aqGrsdKom;csif;tm;vkH;udk axmufyhHauR;arG; zdkYavmuf

&rnf/ Ed kifiHom;tm;vkH;udk axmufyHhauR;arG;zd k Y avmuf &nf&G,fí &SmazGvsif? Ed kifiHom;tm;vkH;udk axmufyHh

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&rnf/


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cPomjzpf\/

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tdwfrsm;udk csaeqJrSmyif rdk;&Gmvmojzifh MuufoGeftdwfrsm; rdk;pdkukefonf/

MuufoGefrSm rdk;pdkcHEdkifaom ukefr[kwf&m avSorm;rsm;wGif oufñ§maompdwf &SdcJhvsif MuufoGeftdwfrsm;udk acwåyifjzpfap?


- 79 -

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- 80 -

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wpfa,mufu t*FvdyfaiG ajcmuf&mausmfausmfESifh pm&if;pm&Guf wpf&Gufudk vlBuHKyg;vdkufojzifh ,lvmonfqdkNyD; ay;onf/ uRefawmfhrSm


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tHhtm;oifh &if; rsuf&nfpdrfhavmufatmifyif aus;Zl;wifrdonf/ &omvQif ]bezl;odkufwl;aom} vlqdk;vlvdrf rormawG tb,frQ

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MuufoGeftdwfrsm;udk vufcHol [oFmw yGJpm;BuD;xHrS MuufoGeftdwfrsm; a&mif;&aiGteufrS ol&oifh &xdkufaom yGJcESifh ulvDcrsm;udkom

Ekwfí? ydkaiGudk ay;ydkYvdkufjcif; jzpfayonf/

Ä Ä Ä

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jzpf\/

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wwfuRrf;cJh onf/ oifMum;ay;csdefwGif onm? vufawGU tokH;cswwfrS ynm[k qdkvQif rSm;tHhrxif/


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rdzk&m;BuD;onf acgif;ndwf axmufcH½kHrSwpfyg; wjcm; bmrsm; wwfEdkifygOD;rnfenf;/


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udk,fhtm;udk,fudk; pD;yGm;wkd;? aumif;usdK;tqifhqifh

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q&maZmf*sD\ 'óe uAsmuav;udk xyfqifh azmfjyvdkufcsifygao;\/


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vdrfpm;aewJh vlBuD;ygvm;} qdkwJh udk,fhudk,fukd pGyfpGJwJh ]twåmEk0g'ab;} BuD;usawmh a&SmifvdkY r&awmhbl;/ ]twåmEk0g'ab;} qdkufa&muf

NyDqdk&if ]tyg, ab;}u aocsmayguf qdkufawmhwmyJ/

vmbfxdk;ír&aom ab;vmbfxdk;ír&aom ab;vmbfxdk;ír&aom ab;vmbfxdk;ír&aom ab;vmbfxdk;ír&aom ab;

tyg,ab;udkvnf; vmbfxdk;vkdY r&bl;av/ olaor,fhnrSm i&JedrdwfjzpfwJh acG;eufBuD;awG? i&Jom;awG? i&JrD;awG jrifawmh

toHeuf BuD;eJY atmfvdkufwm &Spftdrfausmf rsufapmif;xdk;avmufrSm &SdwJh OD;yÍöif;wdkYawmif twdkif;om; Mum;ae&w,f/

i&JuscgeD; atmfwJhtoH[m i,foHawmif ygaewmrdkY awmfawmf aMumufp&maumif;w,f/ 'Dtcsdefu OD;yÍöif;touf

q,fESpfavmufyJ &SdOD; r,f/ vGefcJhwJh ESpfaygif; okH;q,fausmfavmuf uaygh/ t&m&SdBuD;&JU aocgeD; atmfoHudk aMumufvGef;vdkY

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]]wynfhawmf udk,fhudk,fudk MunfndKatmif aeygr,fbk&m;}}

Ä Ä Ä

*kPfr,loifhwm *kPf,lí atmufus&aomvlrsKd;*kPfr,loifhwm *kPf,lí atmufus&aomvlrsKd;*kPfr,loifhwm *kPf,lí atmufus&aomvlrsKd;*kPfr,loifhwm *kPf,lí atmufus&aomvlrsKd;*kPfr,loifhwm *kPf,lí atmufus&aomvlrsKd;

or®mtmZD0usaom odkYr[kwf w&m;enf;vrf;usaom pD;yGm; a&; tvkyfrSeforQ *kPf&Sdonfom jzpf\/ jrefrm trsm;pkonf

wpfvGJ qHyifaumif;NyD; *kPfr,loifhwmudk *kPf,l\/ *kPf,loifhwmukd *kPfr,l/ BuD;yGm;wdk;wufaeaom taemufEdkifiHrsm;ü

q,fh&SpfESpftxuf vli,frsm; wpfa,mufESifh wpfa,mufawGUvQif rnfonfhtvkyf vkyfaeovJ[k ar;wwfMu\/


- 86 -

rSwfcsuf/ / rSwfcsuf/ / rSwfcsuf/ / rSwfcsuf/ / rSwfcsuf/ / q,fh&SpfESpf jynfhNyD;vQif vlBuD;jzpfNyD[k cH,lMuonf/

rnfonfh tvkyfrS rvkyfyg[k ajz&rnfudk tvGef&SufMu\/ q,fh &SpfESpf jynfhNyD;ol jzpfygvsuf rdbvkyfpmudk xdkifpm;aeol?

rdbvkyfpmjzifh ausmif;wufaeolrsm;udk okH;r&aom vlysif;wpfa,muf[k owfrSwfavh &Sd\/ pD;yGm;a&; tvkyfwpfckck &SdrSomvQif

vl&m0ifaomol [kowfrSwf\/

xdkYaMumifh taemufEdkifiHrS vli,ftrsm;pkonf tvkyfr&Sdwmudk *kPfr,l? tvkyf&SdwmudkrS *kPf,l\/ þum; *kPfr,loifhwmudk

*kPfr,l bJ *kPf,loifhwmudk *kPf,ljcif;yif jzpf\/ jrefrmvli,f trsm;pkum; tvkyfrvkyfbJ xdkifpm;Edkifwm tvkyfrvkyfbJ

ausmif;wufEdkifwmudk *kPf,l\/ þum; *kPfr,loifhwmudk *kPf,ljcif; jzpf\/

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EdkifiHodkY ynmawmfoifa&mufcJhonfh trsdK;orD;wpfOD; a&;cJhaom taMumif;t&mwpfckudk azmfjytHh/ xdktrsdK;orD;onf wuúpDum;EdkifiHodkY ynmawmfoifa&mufcJhonfh trsdK;orD;wpfOD; a&;cJhaom taMumif;t&mwpfckudk azmfjytHh/ xdktrsdK;orD;onf wuúpDum;EdkifiHodkY ynmawmfoifa&mufcJhonfh trsdK;orD;wpfOD; a&;cJhaom taMumif;t&mwpfckudk azmfjytHh/ xdktrsdK;orD;onf wuúpDum;EdkifiHodkY ynmawmfoifa&mufcJhonfh trsdK;orD;wpfOD; a&;cJhaom taMumif;t&mwpfckudk azmfjytHh/ xdktrsdK;orD;onf wuúpDum;EdkifiHodkY ynmawmfoifa&mufcJhonfh trsdK;orD;wpfOD; a&;cJhaom taMumif;t&mwpfckudk azmfjytHh/ xdktrsdK;orD;onf wuúpDum;

iSm;NyD; Xmewpfckodk YoGm;\/iSm;NyD; Xmewpfckodk YoGm;\/iSm;NyD; Xmewpfckodk YoGm;\/iSm;NyD; Xmewpfckodk YoGm;\/iSm;NyD; Xmewpfckodk YoGm;\/

wuúpDum; armif;olESifh pum;pyfí ar;Munfhaomtcg aq;wuúodkvf (aemufqkH;ESpfausmif;om;) wpfa,muf jzpfaerSef;wuúpDum; armif;olESifh pum;pyfí ar;Munfhaomtcg aq;wuúodkvf (aemufqkH;ESpfausmif;om;) wpfa,muf jzpfaerSef;wuúpDum; armif;olESifh pum;pyfí ar;Munfhaomtcg aq;wuúodkvf (aemufqkH;ESpfausmif;om;) wpfa,muf jzpfaerSef;wuúpDum; armif;olESifh pum;pyfí ar;Munfhaomtcg aq;wuúodkvf (aemufqkH;ESpfausmif;om;) wpfa,muf jzpfaerSef;wuúpDum; armif;olESifh pum;pyfí ar;Munfhaomtcg aq;wuúodkvf (aemufqkH;ESpfausmif;om;) wpfa,muf jzpfaerSef;

od&onf/ rdbrsm; tqifajyaomfvnf; toufq,fh&SpfESpf jynfhNyD;csdefwGif rdbvkyfpmESifh ausmif;wuf&rnfudk&Sufí wuúpDod&onf/ rdbrsm; tqifajyaomfvnf; toufq,fh&SpfESpf jynfhNyD;csdefwGif rdbvkyfpmESifh ausmif;wuf&rnfudk&Sufí wuúpDod&onf/ rdbrsm; tqifajyaomfvnf; toufq,fh&SpfESpf jynfhNyD;csdefwGif rdbvkyfpmESifh ausmif;wuf&rnfudk&Sufí wuúpDod&onf/ rdbrsm; tqifajyaomfvnf; toufq,fh&SpfESpf jynfhNyD;csdefwGif rdbvkyfpmESifh ausmif;wuf&rnfudk&Sufí wuúpDod&onf/ rdbrsm; tqifajyaomfvnf; toufq,fh&SpfESpf jynfhNyD;csdefwGif rdbvkyfpmESifh ausmif;wuf&rnfudk&Sufí wuúpD

um; armif;aejcif; jzpfaMumif;od&\/ tvkyf vkyf&onfudk *kPf,lwwfaom tcsufonf taemufEdkifiHom; trsm;pk csrf;um; armif;aejcif; jzpfaMumif;od&\/ tvkyf vkyf&onfudk *kPf,lwwfaom tcsufonf taemufEdkifiHom; trsm;pk csrf;um; armif;aejcif; jzpfaMumif;od&\/ tvkyf vkyf&onfudk *kPf,lwwfaom tcsufonf taemufEdkifiHom; trsm;pk csrf;um; armif;aejcif; jzpfaMumif;od&\/ tvkyf vkyf&onfudk *kPf,lwwfaom tcsufonf taemufEdkifiHom; trsm;pk csrf;um; armif;aejcif; jzpfaMumif;od&\/ tvkyf vkyf&onfudk *kPf,lwwfaom tcsufonf taemufEdkifiHom; trsm;pk csrf;

om<u,f0jcif;\ taMumif;wpfckyif jzpf\/om<u,f0jcif;\ taMumif;wpfckyif jzpf\/om<u,f0jcif;\ taMumif;wpfckyif jzpf\/om<u,f0jcif;\ taMumif;wpfckyif jzpf\/om<u,f0jcif;\ taMumif;wpfckyif jzpf\/

jrefrmvli,f trsm;pkonf taemufEdkifiHrS 0wfykH? pm;ykHrS tp ,Ofaus;rI trlt&m tawmfrsm;rsm;udk twkcdk;Mu\/jrefrmvli,f trsm;pkonf taemufEdkifiHrS 0wfykH? pm;ykHrS tp ,Ofaus;rI trlt&m tawmfrsm;rsm;udk twkcdk;Mu\/jrefrmvli,f trsm;pkonf taemufEdkifiHrS 0wfykH? pm;ykHrS tp ,Ofaus;rI trlt&m tawmfrsm;rsm;udk twkcdk;Mu\/jrefrmvli,f trsm;pkonf taemufEdkifiHrS 0wfykH? pm;ykHrS tp ,Ofaus;rI trlt&m tawmfrsm;rsm;udk twkcdk;Mu\/jrefrmvli,f trsm;pkonf taemufEdkifiHrS 0wfykH? pm;ykHrS tp ,Ofaus;rI trlt&m tawmfrsm;rsm;udk twkcdk;Mu\/

odkY aomf rdrdb0udk wufvrf;odkY ydk Yay;rnfh q,fh&SpfESpfausmfvsif rdrdvkyfpm ESifh ausmif;wufonfh tavhtxudk twkrcdk;onfrSmodkY aomf rdrdb0udk wufvrf;odkY ydk Yay;rnfh q,fh&SpfESpfausmfvsif rdrdvkyfpm ESifh ausmif;wufonfh tavhtxudk twkrcdk;onfrSmodkY aomf rdrdb0udk wufvrf;odkY ydk Yay;rnfh q,fh&SpfESpfausmfvsif rdrdvkyfpm ESifh ausmif;wufonfh tavhtxudk twkrcdk;onfrSmodkY aomf rdrdb0udk wufvrf;odkY ydk Yay;rnfh q,fh&SpfESpfausmfvsif rdrdvkyfpm ESifh ausmif;wufonfh tavhtxudk twkrcdk;onfrSmodkY aomf rdrdb0udk wufvrf;odkY ydk Yay;rnfh q,fh&SpfESpfausmfvsif rdrdvkyfpm ESifh ausmif;wufonfh tavhtxudk twkrcdk;onfrSm

tvGeftHhMozdkY aumif;\/tvGeftHhMozdkY aumif;\/tvGeftHhMozdkY aumif;\/tvGeftHhMozdkY aumif;\/tvGeftHhMozdkY aumif;\/

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a&SUydkif;wGif rdrd 0goemygaom tvkyfudk vkyf&u ryifyef; aMumif; azmfjycJh\/ xdkYjyif xl;cRef xufjrufrIvnf; &Sd\/ 0goemrygaom

tvkyfudk vkyf&vsif pdwfa&mvlyg yifyef;onfhtjyif xl;cRefxufjrufrIvnf; r&Sday/ uav;wpfa,muf trSwfrsm;rsm;jzifh

q,fwef;pmar;yGJatmifvsif rdbtrsm;pku aq;wuúodkvfudk ZGwfwufcdkif;\/

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t½k d;p G Jaeaom "avha[mif;rsm;ud k,fwd ki fu trs dK;orD;rsm; t ay: ]]tm;enf;aom 'kwd,vdif}} tjzpf

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- 88 -

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Ä Ä Ä

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(pm½Ioltm;vkH; arwåmjzifh BuD;yGm;wdk;wuf csrf;omMuygap/)

arwåm&Sif (a&Tjynfom)

5ç 4ç 2007 wGif pwifa&;om;í

12ç 7ç 2007? n 9;10 rdepfwGif

&efukefwdkif;? arSmfbDNrdKUe,f? zefcg;ukef;aus;&Gm

]ok'0dyóem } awm&ausmif;ü a&;om;NyD;pD;onf/

mandalay monestry computer - shwepyithar...mandalay monestry computer - shwepyithar

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