managing user centric business models in social media value networks

WMEMC 2012WMEMC 2012THESSALONIKI, GREECETHESSALONIKI, GREECE

Managing User-Centric Managing User-Centric Business Models in Social Business Models in Social

Media Value Networks Media Value Networks

Zvezdan VukanoviZvezdan VukanoviććAssociate ProfessorAssociate Professor

UDG – University of Donja GoricaUDG – University of Donja GoricaMontenegroMontenegro

WWW.UDG.EDU.MEWWW.UDG.EDU.ME

AGENDA

INTRODUCING SOCIAL AND WEB MEDIAINTRODUCING SOCIAL AND WEB MEDIA LITERATURE REVIEWLITERATURE REVIEW THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PAPERTHE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PAPER 1. Reasons for media financial recession1. Reasons for media financial recession 2. Proposed models for attaining the sustainable competitive advantage 2. Proposed models for attaining the sustainable competitive advantage Advanced financial and revenue modelsAdvanced financial and revenue models: micropayments: micropayments New advertising and marketing modelsNew advertising and marketing models Innovative distribution models, solutions and applicationsInnovative distribution models, solutions and applications New economic, market and consumer strategiesNew economic, market and consumer strategies Innovative and high quality social and web media content productionInnovative and high quality social and web media content production 3. The increasing influence of new and social media3. The increasing influence of new and social media 4. Reasons for corporate embrace of social media4. Reasons for corporate embrace of social media 5. Trends of global IP traffic growth 2009 – 20145. Trends of global IP traffic growth 2009 – 2014 6. The decreasing influence of old media6. The decreasing influence of old media Conclusion – The Future and competitive advantage of Social – Web MediaConclusion – The Future and competitive advantage of Social – Web Media

Managing User-Centric Business Managing User-Centric Business Models in Social Media Value Models in Social Media Value

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"The next medium, whatever it is - it may be the "The next medium, whatever it is - it may be the extension of consciousness - will include television extension of consciousness - will include television as its content, not as its environment, and will as its content, not as its environment, and will transform television into an art form. A computer as transform television into an art form. A computer as a research and communication instrument could a research and communication instrument could enhance retrieval, obsolesce mass library enhance retrieval, obsolesce mass library organization, retrieve the individual's encyclopedic organization, retrieve the individual's encyclopedic function and flip into a privatefunction and flip into a private line to speedily line to speedily tailored data of a saleable kind".tailored data of a saleable kind".

Marshall McLuhan, 1962Marshall McLuhan, 1962


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INTRODUCING SOCIAL AND WEB MEDIAINTRODUCING SOCIAL AND WEB MEDIA

With the emergence of Web 2.0 applications, most prominently UGC-With the emergence of Web 2.0 applications, most prominently UGC-platforms, the qualification of ‘user’ has gradually entered the common platforms, the qualification of ‘user’ has gradually entered the common parlance of media theorists (Livingstone, 2004). parlance of media theorists (Livingstone, 2004).

Users are generally referred to as active Internet-contributors, who put in a Users are generally referred to as active Internet-contributors, who put in a ‘certain amount of creative effort’ which is ‘created outside of professional ‘certain amount of creative effort’ which is ‘created outside of professional routines and platforms’ (Dijck, 2011). routines and platforms’ (Dijck, 2011).

Since the 1980s, the term ‘prosumer’ has been deployed by various Since the 1980s, the term ‘prosumer’ has been deployed by various academics to denote how user’s agency hovers between the bipolar academics to denote how user’s agency hovers between the bipolar categories of producer versus consumer, and of professional versus categories of producer versus consumer, and of professional versus consumer. New hybrid terms such as ‘produser’ and ‘co-creator’ have consumer. New hybrid terms such as ‘produser’ and ‘co-creator’ have meanwhile entered academic discourse to accentuate user’s increased meanwhile entered academic discourse to accentuate user’s increased production prowess (Bruns, 2006). production prowess (Bruns, 2006).


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LITERATURE REVIEWLITERATURE REVIEW

List of most relevant journal articles from EBSCO database: List of most relevant journal articles from EBSCO database: Communications of the ACM, Journal of Information Science, Communications of the ACM, Journal of Information Science, Harvard Business Review, Journal of Media Business Studies, Journal Harvard Business Review, Journal of Media Business Studies, Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management, Multimedia Systems, Journal of of Revenue and Pricing Management, Multimedia Systems, Journal of Interactive Advertising, Management Information Systems, Interactive Advertising, Management Information Systems, International Journal of Market Research, International Journal of Market Research, International Journal of International Journal of Cultural Studies, European Journal of Communication.Cultural Studies, European Journal of Communication.

Furthermore, the list of European and North American literature in the Furthermore, the list of European and North American literature in the field of web media (Benecchi & field of web media (Benecchi & Colapinto, 2011; Colapinto, 2011; Qualman, 2010; , 2010; Bakos & Brynjolfsson, 2000; Jenkins, 2006; Dijck, 2011; Livingstone, Bakos & Brynjolfsson, 2000; Jenkins, 2006; Dijck, 2011; Livingstone, 2004; Vizjak & Ringlstetter, 2003; Doyle, 2002; Anderson, 2008).2004; Vizjak & Ringlstetter, 2003; Doyle, 2002; Anderson, 2008).


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THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PAPERTHE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PAPER 1. Reasons for media financial recession1. Reasons for media financial recession emergence and subsequent convergence of digital emergence and subsequent convergence of digital

mediamedia falling costs of computing and online (internet-falling costs of computing and online (internet-

web) distributionweb) distribution exponential growth of internet and broadband exponential growth of internet and broadband

adoptionadoption media market deregulation.media market deregulation.


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THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PAPERTHE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PAPER 2. Proposed models for attaining the sustainable 2. Proposed models for attaining the sustainable

competitive advantage competitive advantage Advanced financial and revenue models: Advanced financial and revenue models:

micropaymentsmicropayments New advertising and marketing models: New advertising and marketing models:

nicheization of media market, VoD – Video - on nicheization of media market, VoD – Video - on - demand and PPV – Payment – Per View mode, - demand and PPV – Payment – Per View mode, B2B and C2C MarketingB2B and C2C Marketing


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Advanced financial and revenue models: micropaymentsAdvanced financial and revenue models: micropayments Micropayment will provide potential consumers with immediate Micropayment will provide potential consumers with immediate

transaction processing and will increase VoD – Video - on - demand transaction processing and will increase VoD – Video - on - demand and PPV – Payment – Per View models. and PPV – Payment – Per View models.

It is argued that micropayment is in the process of becoming web’s It is argued that micropayment is in the process of becoming web’s new currency and will be especially useful in purchasing electronic new currency and will be especially useful in purchasing electronic books, online articles, music, video and film files. books, online articles, music, video and film files.

The case of micropayment strategy is additionally supported by the The case of micropayment strategy is additionally supported by the exponential growth of the Internet during the past decade. exponential growth of the Internet during the past decade.

Thus, between 2000 and 2010 the number of internet users worldwide Thus, between 2000 and 2010 the number of internet users worldwide increased for 445%.increased for 445%.

Micropayment strategy is widely becoming an alternative to Micropayment strategy is widely becoming an alternative to subscriptions as it moves content creators closer to consumers. subscriptions as it moves content creators closer to consumers.


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New advertising and marketing models: nicheization of media New advertising and marketing models: nicheization of media market, VoD – Video - on - demand and PPV – Payment – Per View market, VoD – Video - on - demand and PPV – Payment – Per View mode, B2B and C2C Marketingmode, B2B and C2C Marketing

The competitive advantage of micropayments can potentially provide consumers The competitive advantage of micropayments can potentially provide consumers with a payment model in which content can be unbundled and further sold via with a payment model in which content can be unbundled and further sold via B2C channel. B2C channel.

On the other hand, cloud computing will be especially important in terms of B2B On the other hand, cloud computing will be especially important in terms of B2B marketing as many international companies will hire another firms to manage marketing as many international companies will hire another firms to manage their data via the Internet in private spaces, rather than those companies using their data via the Internet in private spaces, rather than those companies using their own servers, in an effort to gain storage space and, rather than those their own servers, in an effort to gain storage space and, rather than those companies using their own servers. companies using their own servers.

The increasing development of social media, web, personal computing devices The increasing development of social media, web, personal computing devices (PCs, mobile phones and portable media players) made possible the wide (PCs, mobile phones and portable media players) made possible the wide dissemination of various online contents over the consumer-to-consumer (C2C) dissemination of various online contents over the consumer-to-consumer (C2C) channel.channel.


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Innovative distribution models, solutions and Innovative distribution models, solutions and applications: 3D TV, sharing and usability of applications: 3D TV, sharing and usability of media content, global convergence, mass media content, global convergence, mass personalization (customization) including personalization (customization) including more interactive, on-demand, ambient, more interactive, on-demand, ambient, pervasive, augmented, immersive media as pervasive, augmented, immersive media as well as wireless and mobile user interfaceswell as wireless and mobile user interfaces


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New economic, market and consumer New economic, market and consumer strategies:strategies:

long tail economics, long tail economics, tipping point, tipping point, crowd sourcing,crowd sourcing, mesh company strategymesh company strategy


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LONG TAIL ECONOMICSLONG TAIL ECONOMICS

As the cost of reaching consumers via social and web media drops As the cost of reaching consumers via social and web media drops dramatically, our markets are shifting from a one-size-fits-all model of mass dramatically, our markets are shifting from a one-size-fits-all model of mass appeal to one of unlimited variety for unique tastes (Anderson, 2008). appeal to one of unlimited variety for unique tastes (Anderson, 2008).

With the proliferation of niche sites and communities on the Internet, it’s With the proliferation of niche sites and communities on the Internet, it’s becoming increasingly important to target long tail search terms and cast a becoming increasingly important to target long tail search terms and cast a wide net. wide net.

After a century of obsessing over the few products at the head of the demand After a century of obsessing over the few products at the head of the demand curve, the new economics of distribution ("The Long Tail") allow consumers curve, the new economics of distribution ("The Long Tail") allow consumers and corporations to turn their focus to the many more products in the tail, and corporations to turn their focus to the many more products in the tail, which collectively can create a new and more innovative market. which collectively can create a new and more innovative market.

Thus, "The Long Tail" is a powerful new force in digital and information Thus, "The Long Tail" is a powerful new force in digital and information economy characterizing the rise of the niche. The Long Tail is essentially about economy characterizing the rise of the niche. The Long Tail is essentially about the economics of abundance. the economics of abundance.


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THE TIPPING POINTTHE TIPPING POINT The efficient usage of the long tail economic strategy leads to The efficient usage of the long tail economic strategy leads to

the reaching of the Tipping Point. the reaching of the Tipping Point. Tipping points are "the levels at which the momentum for Tipping points are "the levels at which the momentum for

change becomes unstoppable" (Gladwell, 2002). change becomes unstoppable" (Gladwell, 2002). Furthermore, it is defined as "the precise moment of critical Furthermore, it is defined as "the precise moment of critical

mass, the threshold, the boiling point when a trend becomes a mass, the threshold, the boiling point when a trend becomes a trend" (Gladwell, 2002). trend" (Gladwell, 2002).

In economics, the tipping point represents the point at which a In economics, the tipping point represents the point at which a dominant technology or player defines the standard for an dominant technology or player defines the standard for an industry-resulting in "winner-take-all" economies of scale and industry-resulting in "winner-take-all" economies of scale and scope.scope.


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Crowd sourcing (“collective wisdom”) strategyCrowd sourcing (“collective wisdom”) strategy

Such strategies function as reward programs and are only likely to Such strategies function as reward programs and are only likely to grow more important, especially as the Web reaches into corners of grow more important, especially as the Web reaches into corners of the world where it never benefited from the frisson of a social the world where it never benefited from the frisson of a social movement (Dokoupil & Wu, 2010). movement (Dokoupil & Wu, 2010).

Jeff Howe, the author of Crowd sourcing: Why the Power of the Jeff Howe, the author of Crowd sourcing: Why the Power of the Crowd Is Driving the Future of Business predicted in 2006 that the Crowd Is Driving the Future of Business predicted in 2006 that the winners in the social-media world would be "those that figure out a winners in the social-media world would be "those that figure out a formula for making their users feel amply compensated." formula for making their users feel amply compensated."


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Mesh companies strategiesMesh companies strategies Organizations that use social media, wireless networks, and Organizations that use social media, wireless networks, and

data crunched from every available source to provide people data crunched from every available source to provide people with goods and services at the exact moment they need them, with goods and services at the exact moment they need them, without the burden and expense of owning them outright.without the burden and expense of owning them outright.

This strategy can be profitable as it creates trusted brands and This strategy can be profitable as it creates trusted brands and build strong communities by helping customers to buy less but build strong communities by helping customers to buy less but use more products and services. Mesh strategy s successful if use more products and services. Mesh strategy s successful if aligned with the peer-to-peer power of social media networks aligned with the peer-to-peer power of social media networks as it can inspire customers in a highly competitive world where as it can inspire customers in a highly competitive world where access trumps ownership (Gansky, 2010). access trumps ownership (Gansky, 2010).


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Innovative and high quality social and Innovative and high quality social and web media content production: media web media content production: media content repurposing, cross-media content content repurposing, cross-media content and UGC – User Generated Content and UGC – User Generated Content (question-answer databases, digital video, (question-answer databases, digital video, blogging, podcasting, mobile phone blogging, podcasting, mobile phone photography and wikis).photography and wikis).


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UGC – User Generated ContentUGC – User Generated Content UGC can be twofold and include both personal and collaborative publishing. The personal UGC can be twofold and include both personal and collaborative publishing. The personal

publishing consists of weblog, podcast, photo, whereas the collaborative publishing publishing consists of weblog, podcast, photo, whereas the collaborative publishing consists of internet forum, wiki. consists of internet forum, wiki.

Thus, consumer becomes Prosumer - both producer and consumer of information goods. Thus, consumer becomes Prosumer - both producer and consumer of information goods. One of the main competitive advantage of the conversational media is that within the UGC, One of the main competitive advantage of the conversational media is that within the UGC,

all digital media technologies are included, such as question-answer databases, digital all digital media technologies are included, such as question-answer databases, digital video, blogging, podcasting, mobile phone photography and wikis. video, blogging, podcasting, mobile phone photography and wikis.

In addition to these technologies, user generated content may also employ a combination of In addition to these technologies, user generated content may also employ a combination of open source, free software, and flexible licensing or related agreements to further reduce open source, free software, and flexible licensing or related agreements to further reduce the barriers to collaboration, skill-building and discovery. the barriers to collaboration, skill-building and discovery.

As the consumption, creation, and distribution of UGC continues to evolve, content As the consumption, creation, and distribution of UGC continues to evolve, content aggregation tools and Web 2.0 applications built on Really Simple Syndication (RSS) aggregation tools and Web 2.0 applications built on Really Simple Syndication (RSS) technology will become more usable and accessible to consumers, helping create a technology will become more usable and accessible to consumers, helping create a manageable information space that is both customized and relevant (Daugherty, Eastin, manageable information space that is both customized and relevant (Daugherty, Eastin, Bright, 2008). Bright, 2008).


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– Content re-purposing, cross-media Content re-purposing, cross-media content and global convergencecontent and global convergence

Content re-purposing is particularly important because in the future, only media Content re-purposing is particularly important because in the future, only media companies focusing on selling content and services in maximum quantities will companies focusing on selling content and services in maximum quantities will manage to maintain a profitable position in this highly volatile market (Vizjak & manage to maintain a profitable position in this highly volatile market (Vizjak & Ringlstetter, 2003:17). Ringlstetter, 2003:17).

Moreover, the strategic management of cross-media content and platform is Moreover, the strategic management of cross-media content and platform is important because of two dominant reasons: important because of two dominant reasons:

1. It increases the number of media distribution platforms and services, and 2. it 1. It increases the number of media distribution platforms and services, and 2. it diversifies firms’ corporate portfolios while reducing financial risk in highly volatile diversifies firms’ corporate portfolios while reducing financial risk in highly volatile global markets.global markets.

The concept of cross-media content will integrate both the hypermedia and The concept of cross-media content will integrate both the hypermedia and multimedia models. multimedia models.

Cross-media and on-demand content offer the enormous content base (linear and Cross-media and on-demand content offer the enormous content base (linear and nonlinear) as a part of web and social media content. nonlinear) as a part of web and social media content.


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In addition, on-demand web and social media services are able to promote In addition, on-demand web and social media services are able to promote premium, niche, and user generated content. As such, innovative services premium, niche, and user generated content. As such, innovative services are based on convergent technological architecture (Bakos & are based on convergent technological architecture (Bakos & Brynjolfsson, 2000). Brynjolfsson, 2000).

Due to the faster product life cycles, volatile markets, and increased Due to the faster product life cycles, volatile markets, and increased competition, future cross-media services will be more interactive, competition, future cross-media services will be more interactive, dynamic, enhanced, and flexible. dynamic, enhanced, and flexible.

This enhanced technological and content integration will more efficiently This enhanced technological and content integration will more efficiently stimulate the economies of aggregation that, in turn, will bring value stimulate the economies of aggregation that, in turn, will bring value added services to the media business and industry. added services to the media business and industry.

The future of web media strategies including media re-purposing and The future of web media strategies including media re-purposing and UGC looks very bright. It was recently estimated by Mark Selby, Vice UGC looks very bright. It was recently estimated by Mark Selby, Vice President of Nokia Multimedia, that the mixing up of media content will President of Nokia Multimedia, that the mixing up of media content will increase a multimedia content by 25% by 2012. increase a multimedia content by 25% by 2012.


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Globalization and convergence have created additional Globalization and convergence have created additional possibilities and incentives to repackage or to repurpose possibilities and incentives to repackage or to repurpose media content into as many different formats as is media content into as many different formats as is technically and commercially feasible (books, magazine technically and commercially feasible (books, magazine serializations, television programs and formats, videos, serializations, television programs and formats, videos, etc.) and to sell those products through as many etc.) and to sell those products through as many distribution channels, outlets, or windows in as many distribution channels, outlets, or windows in as many geographic markets and to as many paying consumers as geographic markets and to as many paying consumers as possible (Doyle, 2002:22). Accordingly, repurposing possible (Doyle, 2002:22). Accordingly, repurposing represents the joint emphasis of media firms on both the represents the joint emphasis of media firms on both the content and distribution.content and distribution.


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The increasing influence of new and social mediaThe increasing influence of new and social media The increasing influence of social media is well documented in the The increasing influence of social media is well documented in the

fact that five among ten most visited global websites belong to the fact that five among ten most visited global websites belong to the category of social media that favor the creation of UGC – User category of social media that favor the creation of UGC – User Generated Content (Facebook # 2, You Tube # 3, Blogger.com # 5, Generated Content (Facebook # 2, You Tube # 3, Blogger.com # 5, Wikipedia # 8 and Twitter # 9). Wikipedia # 8 and Twitter # 9).

The importance of social media is further exemplified by the fact that The importance of social media is further exemplified by the fact that 75% of search results for the world’s top 20 largest brands are links to 75% of search results for the world’s top 20 largest brands are links to user-generated content. user-generated content.

The Nielsen Research found that in April 2010 most popular global The Nielsen Research found that in April 2010 most popular global brands online in April 2010 are: Google, MSN/WindowsLive/Bing, brands online in April 2010 are: Google, MSN/WindowsLive/Bing, Facebook, Yahoo!, Microsoft, YouTube, Wikipedia, AOL Media Facebook, Yahoo!, Microsoft, YouTube, Wikipedia, AOL Media Network, eBay, Apple. Network, eBay, Apple.


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This research shows that the highest percentage of Social This research shows that the highest percentage of Social Networking / Blog Sites users are to be found in Brazil, Networking / Blog Sites users are to be found in Brazil, Italy, Spain, Japan, United States, United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Japan, United States, United Kingdom, France, Australia, Germany, Switzerland. France, Australia, Germany, Switzerland.

The increasing usage of social media is additionally The increasing usage of social media is additionally supported by present and future demographic trends. As supported by present and future demographic trends. As such, it is estimated that over 50% of the world such, it is estimated that over 50% of the world population is under 30 years old. Accordingly, in 2010 population is under 30 years old. Accordingly, in 2010 generation Y outnumbered Baby Boomers. In addition, it generation Y outnumbered Baby Boomers. In addition, it is the generation Y that in 96% of cases have joined is the generation Y that in 96% of cases have joined social network.social network.


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Reasons for corporate embrace of social Reasons for corporate embrace of social mediamedia

Social media provide advantage to the media Social media provide advantage to the media corporations in terms of corporations in terms of

Reducing distribution and advertising costs Reducing distribution and advertising costs Prolonging the business cycle of media products and Prolonging the business cycle of media products and

service through UGC and media content repurposingservice through UGC and media content repurposing Managing more effective target marketing.Managing more effective target marketing.


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Trends of global IP traffic growth 2009 – 2014Trends of global IP traffic growth 2009 – 2014 The Cisco Visual Networking Index 2009-2014 white paper "The Cisco Visual Networking Index 2009-2014 white paper "

Hyperconnectivity and the Approaching Zettabyte Era" forecasts " forecasts that global IP traffic will quadruple from 2009 to 2014 (that global IP traffic will quadruple from 2009 to 2014 (Trends of Trends of global IP traffic growth 2009 – 2014 global IP traffic growth 2009 – 2014 176 to 767 exabytes). 176 to 767 exabytes).

Overall, IP traffic will grow at a compound annual growth rate Overall, IP traffic will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 34 percent. In 2014, the Internet will be four times (CAGR) of 34 percent. In 2014, the Internet will be four times larger than it was in 2009. larger than it was in 2009.

Increasing broadband speed: the average global residential Internet Increasing broadband speed: the average global residential Internet connection download speed is 35 times faster in 2010 (4.4 megabits connection download speed is 35 times faster in 2010 (4.4 megabits per second) than 2000 (127 kilobits per second).per second) than 2000 (127 kilobits per second).


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The decreasing influence of old mediaThe decreasing influence of old media The decreasing economic and social influence of traditional media (print, radio and TV) The decreasing economic and social influence of traditional media (print, radio and TV)

is particularly evident in the statistical data which show that radio needed 38 years in is particularly evident in the statistical data which show that radio needed 38 years in order to reach 50 million users. order to reach 50 million users.

TV needed 13 years to reach the same number of users, Internet 4 years, IPOD – 3 years; TV needed 13 years to reach the same number of users, Internet 4 years, IPOD – 3 years; while Facebook added 200 million users in 10 months (April 2009 – February 2010). while Facebook added 200 million users in 10 months (April 2009 – February 2010). Moreover, iPod application downloads hit 1 billion in 9 month.Moreover, iPod application downloads hit 1 billion in 9 month.

On the other hand, global internet company such as Google in 2009 has increased the On the other hand, global internet company such as Google in 2009 has increased the value of their brand for 25%. value of their brand for 25%.

Simultaneously, all the trend lines were downwards for the newspaper business. Global Simultaneously, all the trend lines were downwards for the newspaper business. Global newspaper advertising revenues fell -17 percent in 2009; North American newspapers newspaper advertising revenues fell -17 percent in 2009; North American newspapers lost a quarter of their advertising revenues. lost a quarter of their advertising revenues.

Ad spend was also down in Western Europe -13.7 percent, Central and Eastern Europe -Ad spend was also down in Western Europe -13.7 percent, Central and Eastern Europe -18.7 percent, Asia 9.6 percent, Latin America -2.9 percent and was stable in the Middle 18.7 percent, Asia 9.6 percent, Latin America -2.9 percent and was stable in the Middle East and Africa. Between 2004 and 2009, the US newspaper industry lost 34 per cent of East and Africa. Between 2004 and 2009, the US newspaper industry lost 34 per cent of its readers; the UK industry lost 22 per cent. its readers; the UK industry lost 22 per cent.


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The research of the Newspaper Association of America shows that The research of the Newspaper Association of America shows that daily newspaper print ad has been constantly decreasing since 2005.daily newspaper print ad has been constantly decreasing since 2005.

Furthermore, in the USA The Wall Street Journal is the only Furthermore, in the USA The Wall Street Journal is the only newspapers in 2010 to gain in circulation among the top 25 newspapers in 2010 to gain in circulation among the top 25 newspapers. newspapers.

The importance as well as the market expansion of digital media is The importance as well as the market expansion of digital media is evident in the bookseller Barnes & Noble assertion that the company evident in the bookseller Barnes & Noble assertion that the company in 2010 sells more digital books than physical books on its Web site. in 2010 sells more digital books than physical books on its Web site.

Accordingly, Forrester Research expects U.S. e-book sales to total Accordingly, Forrester Research expects U.S. e-book sales to total $2.8 billion in 2015, up from nearly $1 billion in 2010.$2.8 billion in 2015, up from nearly $1 billion in 2010.

The research firm projects the number of e-readers and tablets in the The research firm projects the number of e-readers and tablets in the U.S. will soar from more than 15 million in 2010 to nearly 60 million U.S. will soar from more than 15 million in 2010 to nearly 60 million in 2015.in 2015.


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Conclusion – The Future and competitive advantage of Social – Conclusion – The Future and competitive advantage of Social – Web MediaWeb Media

Looking from a macro economic perspective, it is advisable to point out that the Looking from a macro economic perspective, it is advisable to point out that the digital (web) media revolution corresponds with the decreasing economic and digital (web) media revolution corresponds with the decreasing economic and industrial influence of the leading western countries such as the USA. industrial influence of the leading western countries such as the USA.

Thus, the market capitalization growth of the American market in 1970. Thus, the market capitalization growth of the American market in 1970. represented 66% of the global market capitalization, while in 2001 the American represented 66% of the global market capitalization, while in 2001 the American market capitalization represented 47%. It is estimated that by 2020, the USA market capitalization represented 47%. It is estimated that by 2020, the USA market capitalization growth will be reduced to 27% of the global market market capitalization growth will be reduced to 27% of the global market capitalization. capitalization.

The future of television goes through the interactive services (IPTV, Web T, The future of television goes through the interactive services (IPTV, Web T, Cable TV) such as income tax statement, taxes payment, medical services, Cable TV) such as income tax statement, taxes payment, medical services, shopping. With all these changes, media companies are not any more companies shopping. With all these changes, media companies are not any more companies that only deliver contents. Media managers have to set departments of that only deliver contents. Media managers have to set departments of marketing, retailing, and stores, or to signed agreements with external firms. marketing, retailing, and stores, or to signed agreements with external firms.


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Whereas traditional, centralized, old media favorized Whereas traditional, centralized, old media favorized communication and content distribution from one to many, new, communication and content distribution from one to many, new, social, web media produces and distributes content and services social, web media produces and distributes content and services from many to many. In old media environment the content was the from many to many. In old media environment the content was the king. king.

However, in social media, the user becomes new king. In an However, in social media, the user becomes new king. In an increasingly converged and global digital media landscape it is increasingly converged and global digital media landscape it is easier than ever to reach a large audience, but it is harder than ever easier than ever to reach a large audience, but it is harder than ever to effectively connect with it. to effectively connect with it.

Therefore, old media traditional preoccupation was to reach the Therefore, old media traditional preoccupation was to reach the audience, however, in the age of digital media globalization, new audience, however, in the age of digital media globalization, new media companies have a twofold task to reach and connect the media companies have a twofold task to reach and connect the audience.audience.


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In summary, the 21In summary, the 21stst century media is apparently becoming century media is apparently becoming increasingly interactive, immersive, ubiquitous and digital. increasingly interactive, immersive, ubiquitous and digital.

Furthermore the future of the media appears to be specifically Furthermore the future of the media appears to be specifically oriented towards the establishment of, networked, 3D, on-demand, oriented towards the establishment of, networked, 3D, on-demand, broadband and unicast as well as multimedia and hypermedia broadband and unicast as well as multimedia and hypermedia models of distribution, communication and content creation. models of distribution, communication and content creation. Therefore, it is becoming very common that social media is Therefore, it is becoming very common that social media is regarded among scholars and media businessmen as a fundamental regarded among scholars and media businessmen as a fundamental communication, marketing, content production and distribution, communication, marketing, content production and distribution, shift in which successful social media companies will have to act shift in which successful social media companies will have to act more as corporate planners, aggregators, and content providers than more as corporate planners, aggregators, and content providers than traditional advertiser.traditional advertiser.


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THANK YOU FOR THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONYOUR ATTENTION

managing user centric business models in social media value networks

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usercentric businessmodels

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