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Managing Manure from Managing Manure from Domestic Animals to Domestic Animals to Avoid Negative Avoid Negative Impacts Impacts Developed by: Developed by: Holly George, University of California Holly George, University of California Cooperative Extension Cooperative Extension Susan Kocher, University of California Susan Kocher, University of California Cooperative Extension Cooperative Extension Bruce Miller, Utah State University Bruce Miller, Utah State University Melody Hefner, University of Nevada Melody Hefner, University of Nevada Cooperative Extension Cooperative Extension With Contributions From: With Contributions From: Cinda Williams, University of Idaho Cinda Williams, University of Idaho UNCE, Reno, NV

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Page 1: Managing Manure from Domestic Animals to Avoid Negative Impacts Developed by: Holly George, University of California Cooperative Extension Susan Kocher,

Managing Manure from Managing Manure from Domestic Animals to Domestic Animals to

Avoid Negative ImpactsAvoid Negative Impacts

Developed by: Developed by: Holly George, University of California Cooperative Holly George, University of California Cooperative ExtensionExtensionSusan Kocher, University of California Susan Kocher, University of California Cooperative ExtensionCooperative ExtensionBruce Miller, Utah State UniversityBruce Miller, Utah State UniversityMelody Hefner, University of Nevada Cooperative Melody Hefner, University of Nevada Cooperative ExtensionExtensionWith Contributions From:With Contributions From:Cinda Williams, University of IdahoCinda Williams, University of Idaho UNCE, Reno, NV

Page 2: Managing Manure from Domestic Animals to Avoid Negative Impacts Developed by: Holly George, University of California Cooperative Extension Susan Kocher,

We’ll be covering:

Negative impacts domestic animals can have on land.

We’ll focus mostly on impacts from manure and how these impacts can be avoided and minimized.

Page 3: Managing Manure from Domestic Animals to Avoid Negative Impacts Developed by: Holly George, University of California Cooperative Extension Susan Kocher,

UNCE, Reno, NV

What impacts What impacts can animals can animals

cause?cause?

Page 4: Managing Manure from Domestic Animals to Avoid Negative Impacts Developed by: Holly George, University of California Cooperative Extension Susan Kocher,

manure

What parts of animals cause impacts?

hooves

A. Miller

mouths

bodies

Page 5: Managing Manure from Domestic Animals to Avoid Negative Impacts Developed by: Holly George, University of California Cooperative Extension Susan Kocher,

Impacts from hooves

On pastures Compaction Trails Reduced

productivity

On stream banks Trampling Erosion Pollution

UNCE, Reno, NV

Page 6: Managing Manure from Domestic Animals to Avoid Negative Impacts Developed by: Holly George, University of California Cooperative Extension Susan Kocher,

Impacts from mouths

Overgrazing plants can weaken their root structure, plants don’t recover

Pasture productivity decreases

Soil erosion increases

www.farmphoto.com

UNCE, Reno, NV

Page 7: Managing Manure from Domestic Animals to Avoid Negative Impacts Developed by: Holly George, University of California Cooperative Extension Susan Kocher,

Impacts from bodies

Objects in the pasture are damaged Trees, posts, irrigation works, fences

Weed seeds and pests are transported

UCCEUNCE, Reno, NV

Page 8: Managing Manure from Domestic Animals to Avoid Negative Impacts Developed by: Holly George, University of California Cooperative Extension Susan Kocher,

Impacts from manure

Polluted runoff

Odor Dust Insects

and parasites UNCE, Reno, NV

Page 9: Managing Manure from Domestic Animals to Avoid Negative Impacts Developed by: Holly George, University of California Cooperative Extension Susan Kocher,

How to avoid impacts?

Good grazing management avoids hoof and mouth impacts

Good facility design avoids animal body impacts

www.usda.gov

Page 10: Managing Manure from Domestic Animals to Avoid Negative Impacts Developed by: Holly George, University of California Cooperative Extension Susan Kocher,

Good manure management

Keeps livestock healthy

Returns nutrients to the soil

Improves pastures and gardens

Protects the environment

OSU Extension Service

Page 11: Managing Manure from Domestic Animals to Avoid Negative Impacts Developed by: Holly George, University of California Cooperative Extension Susan Kocher,

Poor manure management

Livestock get sick

Unsanitary conditions

Complaints from neighbors

Increased insect and parasite populations Harms environment

USU, Logan, UT

Page 12: Managing Manure from Domestic Animals to Avoid Negative Impacts Developed by: Holly George, University of California Cooperative Extension Susan Kocher,

How much manure do animals produce?

Example: How much manure will be produced by two horses in a small stable for three months in the winter.

www.usda.gov

Page 13: Managing Manure from Domestic Animals to Avoid Negative Impacts Developed by: Holly George, University of California Cooperative Extension Susan Kocher,

Horse manure production

2 horses, 1000 pounds each WEIGHT: 50 lbs/day x 2 = 100 pounds VOLUME: .81 cubic feet/day

WEIGHT: 50 lbs/day x 30 days/month x 3 months = 4500 pounds of manure

VOLUME: 0.81 cu ft/day x 30 days/month x 3 months = 73 cubic feet of manure

Page 14: Managing Manure from Domestic Animals to Avoid Negative Impacts Developed by: Holly George, University of California Cooperative Extension Susan Kocher,

How much manure will your animals produce?

Animal Volume cu

ft/day

Weight lbs/day

Moisture percent

Beef 1.02 63 88

Ducks 0.73 46 75

Goats 0.63 40 75

Horse 0.81 50 78

Sheep 0.63 40 75

Page 15: Managing Manure from Domestic Animals to Avoid Negative Impacts Developed by: Holly George, University of California Cooperative Extension Susan Kocher,

Nutrient value of manures

Animal Nlbs/ton

P2O5

lbs/ton

K2O

lbs/ton

Beef 11.3 8.4 9.5

Chicken 27.3 23.5 13.2

Goat 22.0 5.4 15.1

Horse 12.1 4.6 9.0

Sheep 22.5 7.6 19.5

Page 16: Managing Manure from Domestic Animals to Avoid Negative Impacts Developed by: Holly George, University of California Cooperative Extension Susan Kocher,

Manure can be a resource Livestock remove nutrients

from land while grazing Returning manure to soil

promotes soil fertility and plant growth

Important nutrients Nitrogen (N) Potassium (K or K2O) Phosphorus (P2O5)

www.senecaway.com/compost.htm

Page 17: Managing Manure from Domestic Animals to Avoid Negative Impacts Developed by: Holly George, University of California Cooperative Extension Susan Kocher,

Can I use all my manure? How much will you

have? Where can you

safely store or compost it?

Where can you safely incorporate it in or on your property?

whatcom.wsu.edu/ag/compost

Page 18: Managing Manure from Domestic Animals to Avoid Negative Impacts Developed by: Holly George, University of California Cooperative Extension Susan Kocher,

How much manure is enough?

To provide annual phosphorus needs for a one acre pasture: one 1000-pound cow one 1400-pound horse three market (150-pounds) hogs twelve 100-pound sheep 225 laying hens

www.farmphoto.com

Page 19: Managing Manure from Domestic Animals to Avoid Negative Impacts Developed by: Holly George, University of California Cooperative Extension Susan Kocher,

Effective management depends on

Collection Storage Application Removal

www.farmphoto.com

Page 20: Managing Manure from Domestic Animals to Avoid Negative Impacts Developed by: Holly George, University of California Cooperative Extension Susan Kocher,

Manure collects in:

Pasture Cages Bedded stall or barn Dry lots/confinement areas,

paddocks, corrals or other “sacrifice areas”

Page 21: Managing Manure from Domestic Animals to Avoid Negative Impacts Developed by: Holly George, University of California Cooperative Extension Susan Kocher,

Pasture collection Requires the least

amount of effort Natural weathering

reduces volume up to 60 percent

Nutrients are directly recycled

May require occasional dragging of pasture to break up and distribute the manure

www.farmphoto.com

www.farmphoto.com

Page 22: Managing Manure from Domestic Animals to Avoid Negative Impacts Developed by: Holly George, University of California Cooperative Extension Susan Kocher,

Cage collection Small animals like

rabbits, fur animals and poultry/birds

Manure drops through cage and is removed

Waste includes bedding material such as straw or wood shavings

www.rockingranch.com

Page 23: Managing Manure from Domestic Animals to Avoid Negative Impacts Developed by: Holly George, University of California Cooperative Extension Susan Kocher,

Bedded stall or barn

Horses, cattle, swine, and poultry

Manure and soiled bedding are removed by manual cleaning

www.nationalhorsestalls.com

Page 24: Managing Manure from Domestic Animals to Avoid Negative Impacts Developed by: Holly George, University of California Cooperative Extension Susan Kocher,

www.farmphoto.com

Dry lots, corrals or other Dry lots, corrals or other confinement areasconfinement areas

Page 25: Managing Manure from Domestic Animals to Avoid Negative Impacts Developed by: Holly George, University of California Cooperative Extension Susan Kocher,

Manure storage considerations

Distance from streams, ponds, wells

Prevailing wind direction Slope of ground Soil type

Page 26: Managing Manure from Domestic Animals to Avoid Negative Impacts Developed by: Holly George, University of California Cooperative Extension Susan Kocher,

Manure storage - avoiding runoff

Install buffer strips Vegetated area between storage and

stream Install berms or ditches

Prevents water from entering or leaving storage area

Page 27: Managing Manure from Domestic Animals to Avoid Negative Impacts Developed by: Holly George, University of California Cooperative Extension Susan Kocher,

Composting

Reduces volume Kills parasites Reduces weed

seeds Reduces odor Provides slow

release fertilizer Provides soil

amendment

Page 28: Managing Manure from Domestic Animals to Avoid Negative Impacts Developed by: Holly George, University of California Cooperative Extension Susan Kocher,

Composting requirements

Oxygen Moisture Correct carbon

to nitrogen ratio (30:1)

Temperature (120-160 F)

www.nhq.nrcs.usda.gov

Page 29: Managing Manure from Domestic Animals to Avoid Negative Impacts Developed by: Holly George, University of California Cooperative Extension Susan Kocher,

What do I do with the manure?

Apply it to your property Arrange with gardeners, landscapers, or

farmers to remove it most interested in composted manure

Haul it yourself most expensive

Landfilling (bury on your property) not recommended, expensive and potential

for runoff increases

Page 30: Managing Manure from Domestic Animals to Avoid Negative Impacts Developed by: Holly George, University of California Cooperative Extension Susan Kocher,

Tips for safe manure/compost

application Minimum of 100

feet from water source (if flat ground)

Away from natural drainages

Incorporate as soon as possible

www.nhq.nrcs.usda.gov

Page 31: Managing Manure from Domestic Animals to Avoid Negative Impacts Developed by: Holly George, University of California Cooperative Extension Susan Kocher,

Tips for safe manure/compost

application Monitor soil’s nitrogen content to

avoid overapplication Complete the composting process

to prevent spreading weed seeds Consider seasonal conditions –

winter, wet conditions, etc.

Page 32: Managing Manure from Domestic Animals to Avoid Negative Impacts Developed by: Holly George, University of California Cooperative Extension Susan Kocher,

The bottom line (no pun intended)

Manage manure to maintain healthy animals and healthy land

Applying manure to your property increases the nutrient value and organic content of your soil


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