Managing internationalisation: institutional co-operation

Mihaylo MilovanovitchOECD Directorate for Education

LACHEC 2011Cali, Colombia

34 OECD MembersAustralia (1971) Hungary (1996) Poland (1996)

Austria (1961) Iceland (1961) Portugal (1961)

Belgium (1961) Ireland (1961) Slovak Republic (2000)

Canada (1961) Israel (2010) Slovenia (2010)

Chile (2010) Italy (1961) Spain (1961)

Czech Republic (1995) Japan (1964) Sweden (1961)

Denmark (1961) Korea (1996) Switzerland (1961)

Estonia (2010) Luxemburg (1961) Turkey (1961)

Finland (1969) Mexico (1994) United Kingdom (1961)

France (1961) Netherlands (1961) United States of America (1961)

Germany (1961) New Zealand (1973)

Greece (1961) Norway (1961) 2

OECD Directorate for Education

OECD Directorate for

Education (EDU)

Indicators and Analysis

Management of Higher

Education

Education & Training Policy

Programme for Cooperation with Non-members

Centre for Educational

Research and Innovation

3

Projected Tertiary Enrolments in 2025 under Recent Trends (2005=100)

Poland

Korea

Hun

gary

Slova

kia

Spain

Japa

n

Belgi

um

Finland

Greec

e

Icelan

d

Unite

d Kin

gdom

Count

ry m

ean

Swed

en

OECD

Australia

Unite

d Sta

tes

Czech

Rep

ublic

Irelan

d

Nor

way

Franc

eIta

ly

Germ

any

Austria

Switz

erland

Denm

ark

Net

herla

nds

Mex

ico

Turk

ey50

70

90

110

130

150

170

6369

8589 91 93 94

100101

110113114115116116120120125127127127128128

133139140

145

175

OECD (2008): Higher Education 2030, Vol. 1 Demography 4

Long-term growth in the number of students enrolled outside their country of citizenship

Growth in internationalisation of tertiary education (1975-2008, in millions)

Source: Education at a Glance 2010

5

The composition of the global talent pool has changed…Countries’ share in the population with tertiary education, for 25-34 and 55-64 year-old age

groups, percentage (2009)

55-64-year-old population25-34-year-old population

About 39 million people who attained tertiary level

About 81 million people who attained tertiary level

…and will continue to change…Share of new entrants into tertiary education in 2009 (all OECD and G20 countries)

China, 36.6%

United States, 12.9%Russian

Federation, 10.0%

Indonesia, 4.9%Japan, 4.2%Turkey, 3.7%

United Kingdom,

3.3%

Mexico, 3.1%Korea, 3.1%

Argentina, 2.7%

Germany, 2.5%

Poland, 2.1%

Spain, 1.6%Italy, 1.4%

Australia, 1.3%

Chile, 1.3%

Netherlands, 0.5%

Other countries,

4.8%

OtherPortugal 0.5%Czech Republic 0.4%Israel 0.4%Sweden 0.4%Belgium 0.4%Hungary 0.4%Austria 0.4%New Zealand 0.3%Switzerland 0.3%Slovak Republic 0.3%Denmark 0.2%Norway 0.2%Ireland 0.2%Finland 0.2%Slovenia 0.1%Estonia 0.1%Iceland 0.0%

Changing demands for skills

Preparing future professionals and citizens with the right skills

Increasing international convergence in skills demand ‘21st century skills’

Creativity and innovation, Critical thinking, Problem solving, Communication, Collaboration, Information fluency, Technological literacy

Changing skill demand with the advent of the knowledge economy

40

45

50

55

60

65

1960 1970 1980 1990 2002

Routine manual

Nonroutine manual

Routine cognitive

Nonroutine analytic

Nonroutine interactive

Accelerating trend since 1990s

Economy-wide measures of routine and non-routine task input (US)

Levy and Murnane

8

An important fact of higher education life

• Internationalisation is a fact, not an option

• Hence, the main question now is:

What strategies for

internationalisation?

managing

9

Internationalisation impact: possible areas

A sample of categories of indicators on internationalisation (IMPI 2010)

10

Internationalisation impact: selection of key areas

• Quality• Relevance of education• Quality assurance systems

• Equity• Access to education• Access to mobility

• Domestic demand and brain drain

• Asymmetric mobility11

Distribution of foreign students in tertiary education, by country of destination (2009)

United States 18.0

United Kingdom 9.9

Australia 7.0

Germany 7.0

France 6.8

Canada 5.2Russian Federation 3.7

Japan 3.6

Spain 2.3New Zealand 1.9Italy 1.8

China 1.7

South Africa 1.7

Austria 1.6

Korea 1.4

Switzerland 1.3

Belgium 1.3

Netherlands 1.2

Sweden 1.1

Other OECD countries 6.0

Other non-OECD countries 15.7

Percentage of foreign tertiary students (reported to the OECD) who are enrolled in each country of destination

12

Distribution of foreign students in tertiary education, by country of origin (2009)

China, 16.5

India, 6.2

Korea, 3.8

Germany, 2.9

France, 1.6

United States, 1.6

Russian Fed-eration, 1.6

Turkey, 1.4Canada, 1.4

Japan, 1.4

Italy, 1.3

Indonesia, 1.1Saudi Arabia, 1.0

Poland, 1.0

Other OECD countries, 9.8

Other non-OECD G20 countries, 1.3

Other non-OECD non-G20 countries, 46.0

Percentage of international students changing status and staying on in selected OECD countries, 2008 or 2009

Canada

France

Cze

ch R

epublic

Aust

ralia

Neth

erl

ands

Germ

any

United K

ingdom

Norw

ay

Finla

nd

New

Zeala

nd

Japan

Irela

nd

Spain

Aust

ria

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Chart C3.5

%

Percentage of students who have changed their status (whether for work, family or other reasons) among students who have not renewed their permits

From impact to policy: balancing key options (institutional level)

Relevance/quality of outcomes

Programme/course designENRICH EXPORT

GLOBALLOCAL/REGIONAL

Institutional mission McUNIVERSITYLOCAL CHAMPION

15Mihaylo Milovanovitch, OECD

From impact to policy: balancing key options (public policy level)

Accreditation policy

System designNATIONALISATIONCONVERGENCE/RECOGNITION

PROACTIVERESTRICTIVE

Academic/student mobility SENDATTRACT

16Mihaylo Milovanovitch, OECD

Managing internationalisation through institutional co-operation

• Addressing the challenge to quality – Regional co-operation

– Intra-institutional co-ordination

– Internationalisation of QA

• Addressing the challenge to equity– Credit transfer and convergence of systems for

0ptimising mobility

• Attracting talent back– Diaspora mobilisation

17

• Bologna Process• Managing internationalisation: a new

project by the OECD’s Institutional Management of Higher Education programme (IMHE).

• AHELO – Assessment of Higher Education Learning Outcomes

• CONAHEC• International Network of Quality

Assurance Agencies in Higher Education (INQAAHE)

• Partnerships for the Future - Portugal

Managing internationalisation through institutional co-operation: examples

18

Suggestions for reading

19

• Tertiary Education for the Knowledge Society (OECD 2008)

• Brandenburg/de Witt (2011), The end of Internationalistation, International Higher Education, No. 62/2011

• Marijk van der Wende, 2010, Quality Assurance in Higher Education and the Link to Internationalisation, CHEPS 2010, Netherlands

• Indicator Projects on Internationalisation: Approaches, Methods and Findings - A report in the context of the European project “Indicators for Mapping & Profiling Internationalisation” (IMPI)

• www.oecd.org/edu/ahelo• www.oecd.org/edu/imhe• conahec.org

Thank you

mihaylo.milovanovitch@oecd.org

www.oecd.org/edu/nme