managing information resources and technologies

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Unit IV

Managing Information

Technology



Managing Information

Resources & Technologies

• Managing Information Technology has three major

components.



1. Managing the joint development andimplementation of business/I T strategies:

Led by the CEO and CIO, proposals are

developed by business and IT managers and

professionals regarding the use of IT to

support the strategic business priorities of the

company.



2. Managing the development and

implementation of new business/I Tapplications and technologies: This step is

the primary responsibility of the CIO and

CTO. This area of IT management involves

managing the processes for information

systems development and implementation as

well as the responsibility for research into the

strategic business uses of new informationtechnologies.



3. Managing the I T Organization and the IT

Infrastructure: The CIO and IT managersshare responsibility for managing the work of

IT professionals who are typically organized

into a variety of project teams and other

organizational subunits. In addition, they are

responsible for managing the IT infrastructure

of hardware, software, databases,

telecommunications networks, and other ITresources, which must be acquired, operated,

monitored, and maintained.



1. Technology platform: The Internet, intranets,extranets, and other networks, computer

systems, system software, and integrated

enterprise application software provide a

computing and communications

infrastructure, or platform, that supports the

strategic use of information technology for e-

business, e-commerce, and other business/ITapplications.



2. Data resources: Many types of operationaland specialized databases, including data

warehouses and Internet/intranet databases,

store and provide data and information for

business processes and decision support.



4. I T organization: The organizational structure

of the IS function within a company and thedistribution of IS specialists are designed to

meet the changing strategies of a business.

The form of the IT organization depends onthe managerial philosophy and business/IT

strategies formulated during the strategic

planning process.



Centralized, Decentralized

and Distributed• Development of large mainframe computers

and telecommunications networks and

terminals caused a centralization of computer

hardware and software, databases, and

information specialists at the corporate level of

organization.

• Next, the development of minicomputers andmicrocomputers accelerated a downsizing

trend, which prompted a move back toward

decentralization by many business firms.



• Distributed client/server networks at the

corporate, department, workgroup, and team

levels came into being, which promoted a shift

of databases and information specialists to

some departments and the creation ofinformation centers to support end-user and

workgroup computing.



EDI

• EDI (electronic data interchange) is thetransmission, in a standard syntax of

unambiguous information of business or

strategic significance between computers ofindependent organizations.

• Is the electronic transfer of information

between two trading partner’s systems using aset of transactions that have been adopted as a

national or international standard for the

particular business function.



How does EDI works?



• Supplier’s proposal sent electronically to

purchasing organization.

• Electronic contract approved over network.

• Supplier manufactures and packages goods,

attaching shipping data recorded on a bar

code.

• Quantities shipped and prices entered in

system and flowed to invoicing program;

invoices transmitted to purchasing

organization

• Manufacturer ships order.



• Shipment notice EDI transaction sent.

• Purchasing organization receives packages,

scans bar code, and compares data to

invoices actual items received.

• Payment approval transferred electronically.

• Bank transfers funds from purchaser to

supplier’s account using electronic fund

transfer (EFT).



Supply Chain Management

• Supply chain management is a cross-functional

interenterprise system that uses information

technology to help support and manage the

links between some of a company’s key

business processes and those of its suppliers,

customers, and business partners.

• The goal of SCM is to create a fast, efficient,and low-cost network of business

relationships, or supply chain , to get a

company’s products from concept to market.



Supply Chain Life Cycle



Global Information

Technology Management

• All global IT activities must be adjusted to

take into account the cultural, political, and

geoeconomic challenges that exist in theinternational business community.

• Developing appropriate business and IT

strategies for the global marketplace should bethe first step in global information technology

management .



• Once that is done, end users and IS managers

can move on to developing the portfolio of

business applications needed to support

business/IT strategies; the hardware, software,

and Internet-based technology platforms tosupport those applications; the data resource

management methods to provide necessary

databases; and finally the systemsdevelopment projects that will produce the

global information systems required.

managing information resources and technologies

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