management of insect pests of vegetable crops in … · insect pests of vegetable crops •...

MANAGEMENT OF INSECT PESTS OF VEGETABLE CROPS IN SOUTH

FLORIDA

D. R. Seal, R. Khan and C.M. SabinesTropical Research and Education CenterUniversity of FL-IFASHomestead, FL 33031Phone: 305-986-8926Email:[email protected]

Agriculture in Florida--Florida has 47,500 commercial farms, using a total of 9.25 million acres.--Florida ranks second in the value of vegetable production.--Florida ranks first nationally in snap bean production.--Snap bean is a leading crop in Florida which is next to tomatoes, peppers, strawberries and sweet corn.--Florida snap bean growers contribute $135 million to national economy (29% of US value).

Agriculture in Miami-DadeVegetable production

Total acres

Total sale(million)

Total farms

Vegetables 33,451 $128 >120

Nursery 13,000 $659 1500

Tropical fruit

10,300 $38 1443

Aquaculture Low 4.5 27

Livestock 6000

Nation's “Salad Bowl” and “Winter Bread Basket. ...

Vegetable crops

% of state’s production

Sweetpotatoes

99

Squash 64Beans 57Okra 75Taro 99TomatoPepper

SquashDRS

BeanDRSDRS

DRS

Sweet potatoDRS

Soil type and land preparation-Rockdale soil: very gravelly loam soil (Krome or Chekika series)-Perrine marl soil: 2-72 inches deep, rich in humus-Mixed soil: combination of Rockdale and Perrine marl soil

85% of agricultural area is underlain by Rockdale soilBoth soils must be irrigated and require frequent application of fertilizer

Land preparation

Beans are generally planted on flat ground.

Sometimes planted on raised beds as a second crop after harvesting the primary crop.

Land preparation should be thorough with repeated turning of soil

Soil bone pest-insects, fungus, weeds,nematodes,

Raised bed with plastic mulchDRS

Beans on flat groundDRS

FertilizerTime N-P-K Amount

(lb.)Method of application

Preplant 6-12-12 or6-3-12

1200 Broadcast/Band

Post plant

4-0-8 Sidedressafter 3, 4 and 5 wks

More P is needed for the winter crop; more K is needed for the spring crop.

Foliar application of magnesium nitrate, magnesium sulfate or iron sulfate should be used if deficiency symptoms appear.

Use plant tissue analysis to determine the composition and rates of fertilizer to apply

Irrigation• Drip irrigation: If planted as a second crop on a

raised bed

• Center pivot / Central pivot / waterwheel• and circle irrigation:

• Big Gun irrigation

• Sprinkler irrigation

Drip irrigationDRS

Sprinkler irrigationDRS

Big gun irrigationDRS

Center pivot irrigationDRS

Well-holeDRS

Insect pests of vegetable crops

• Wireworm White grubs• Cutworms Bean seed fly• Rootworms

• Corn silk fly European corn borer Mites• Fall armyworm Sap beetle Corn leaf aphid• Corn earworm Cucumber beetle

Foliar insect pests

Soil insect pests

Delia platura (bean seed fly

Southern corn rootworm White grub (Credit: J.L. Capinera)Wireworm

Cutworm Flea beetle

Soil insect pests

Factors enhancing soil insectsa. Weedy fields and weed residue from previous cropsb. Fields with high organic soilc. Fields with chronic history of soil insectsd. No tillage situation increases soil insects

Cultural control methods for reducing soil insectsRotate fieldsRotate cropsDisc fields repeatedly to expose soil insects to sun light, air and predators.Avoid fields with previous history of soil insect problemsMake sure that soil is well drained.

Foliage pests of vegetable crops• Direct damage by foliage

feedingIndirect damage

Insect pests of tomato

• Whitefly• Thrips• Leafminer• Cucumber beetle• Mites• Beet armyworm• Fruit worm

Thrips in tomato fields

Melon thrips Common blossom thrips Western flower thrips

Florida flower thripsChilli thrips Onion thrips

Insect pests of beanPests (names) Images Damage Hosts

Leafminer Vegetable,ornamental and fruit crops

Silverleaf whitefly Vegetable,ornamental and fruit crops

Melon thrips Mostly vegetablecrops

Common blossom thrips

Tomato, pepper, cucurbits

Insect pests of Cucurbits

Leafminer Melonworm

Aphid Cucumber beetleBroad mite

Insect pests of pepperPepper weevil

Melon thrips

Broad mite

Beet armyworm

Leafminer

Green peach aphid

Insect pests of corn

Corn silk fly Fall armyworm Corn earworm European corn borer

Sap beetle Cucumber beetleCorn leaf aphid Spider mite

CORN SILK FLY (Picture wing fly)

Euxesta annonaeCredit Gaurav Goyal

E. ElutaCredit: Gaurav Goyal

Chaetopsis massylaCredit: Gaurav Goyal

Euxesta stigmatis

MANAGEMENT OF CORN SILK FLY DAMAGE USING CORAGEN ONCE AT

PLANTING AS A SOIL DRENCH

0

2

4

6

8

Leng

th o

f silk

in in

ch

Date of planting: 2Feb 2013Plot size: 30 feet long two rowsBlock design: Randomized complete block with

four replicationsApplication method: Applied once as a soil

drench at plantingSampling method: 10 plants/plot were checked

for FAW infestation.

Treatments Rate [oz]/ACoragen SC 5.0Coragen SC 7.0Avaunt 5.0Control 0

Chart1

Coragen 5.0

Coragen 7.0

Avaunt 5.0

Control

Length (inch)

Length of silk in inch

6.5

8.5

6.5

6.2

Sheet1

TreatmentsLength (inch)

Coragen 5.06.5

Coragen 7.08.5

Avaunt 5.06.5

Control6.2

Sheet2

Insect pests of Okra

Leafminer Beet armyworm


Silverleaf WhiteflyMelon thrips

Insect pests of Sweet potato

LeafminerSweetpotato weevil


Silverleaf WhiteflyMelon thrips

Soil insect pests

CONVENTIONAL CONTROLHeavy reliance on Insecticide

Dev. of Resistance Elimination of Nat. Enem.

Resurgence ofTarget pest

Appearance of secondarypests

Multiple pest problems

IPMAvoid reliance on insecticide

ChemicalBiological

Physical Mechanical

NaturalCultural

No resurgenceNo secondary pestSafe to environment

Integrated Pest ManagementAvoid reliance on insecticide

Chemical

Biological

Physical Mechanical

NaturalCultural

No resurgenceNo secondary pest

Safe to environment

Factors enhancing soil insectsa. Weedy fields and weed residue from previous cropsb. Fields with high organic soilc. Fields with chronic history of soil insectsd. No tillage situation increases soil insects

Cultural control methods for reducing soil insectsRotate fieldsRotate cropsDisc fields repeatedly to expose soil insects to sun light, air and predators.Avoid fields with previous history of soil insect problemsMake sure that soil is well drained.

Biological control of corn silk fly

• Milk weed bug• Minute pirate bug• Rove beetle larva• Common green lacewing

Zelus longipes feeding on Euxesta stigmatias in sweet corn field

Zelus longipes eggs First instars hatching out of eggsAdult male feeding on corn silk fly adult First instar feeding on corn silk fly larvae

Adult O. insidiosus feeding on a third instar larva of Euxesta stigmatias

Staphylinid larva feeding on Euxesta stigmatias eggs

Larva of Chrysoperla carnea feeding on an adult Euxesta eluta fly

Effect of insecticides on corn silk fly adult reduction

0

1

2

3

4

Asana Warrior Baythroid Control

No. C

SF A

dults

Treatments

1-May 8-May 11-May 15-May 18-May

Treatments Rate [oz]/acre

Asana 8.0

Warrior 3.2

Baythroid 2.1

Control

Sweet corn was planed on 8 March 2013. Insecticides were applied on 5, 8, 11, 15 and 18 March. Sampling for evaluation was conducted 4-6 h after each application by thoroughly checking each of randomly selected five plants in each treatment plot.

Chart1

AsanaAsanaAsanaAsanaAsana

WarriorWarriorWarriorWarriorWarrior

BaythroidBaythroidBaythroidBaythroidBaythroid

ControlControlControlControlControl

1-May

8-May

11-May

15-May

18-May

Treatments

No. CSF Adults

0.7

0.4

0.4

0.8

0.6

0.65

0.6

0.45

1.1

0.6

0.45

0.65

0.4

0.75

0.5

2.4

2.55

1.95

3.2

2.75

Sheet1

1-May8-May11-May15-May18-May

Asana0.70.40.40.80.6

Warrior0.650.60.451.10.6

Baythroid0.450.650.40.750.5

Control2.42.551.953.22.75

Mean number of sweet corn plants infested with FAW

0 0

3.5 3.2

0 0 0

5.5

0 0 0.5

6.5

0 01.1

8.5

02468

10

Coragen 5 Coragen 7 Avaunt 5 Control

Mea

n no

. inf

este

s pl

ants

Treatments

21 DAP 28 DAP 35 DAP 42 DAPTreatments Rate [oz]/ACoragen SC 5.0Coragen SC 7.0Avaunt 5.0Control 0

Date of planting: 2Feb 2013Plot size: 30 feet long two rowsBlock design: Randomized complete block with four

replicationsApplication method: Applied once as a soil drench at

plantingSampling method: 10 plants/plot were checked for FAW

infestation.

Chart1

Coragen 5Coragen 5Coragen 5Coragen 5


Avaunt 5Avaunt 5Avaunt 5Avaunt 5

ControlControlControlControl

21 DAP

28 DAP

35 DAP

42 DAP

Treatments

Mean no. infestes plants

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

3.5

0

0.5

1.1

3.2

5.5

6.5

8.5

Sheet1

21 DAP28 DAP35 DAP42 DAP

Coragen 50000

Coragen 70000

Avaunt 53.500.51.1

Control3.25.56.58.5

Mean rating of sweet corn plants infested with cucumger beetle

0 0 0

3

0 0 0

3.5

0 00.5

3.5

0 0

1.1

3.5

0

1

2

3

4

Coragen 5 Coragen 7 Avaunt 5 ControlMea

n ra

ting

of C

B d

amag

e

Treatments

21 DAP 28 DAP 35 DAP 42 DAPTreatments Rate [oz]/ACoragen SC 5.0Coragen SC 7.0Avaunt 5.0Control 0

Date of planting: 2Feb 2013Plot size: 30 feet long two rowsBlock design: Randomized complete block with four

replicationsApplication method: Applied once as a soil drench at

plantingSampling method: All plants in a plot were vusually

rated on a scale 0 – 5, where 0=no damage

Chart1



Avaunt 5Avaunt 5Avaunt 5Avaunt 5

ControlControlControlControl

21 DAP

28 DAP

35 DAP

42 DAP

Treatments

Mean rating of CB damage

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0.5

1.1

3

3.5

3.5

3.5

Sheet1

21 DAP28 DAP35 DAP42 DAP

Coragen 50000

Coragen 70000

Avaunt 5000.51.1

Control33.53.53.5

Some images and data information on various crops and insects on this presentation were collected from online

sources

The author respectfully acknowledge the contribution of those sources

MANAGEMENT OF INSECT PESTS OF VEGETABLE CROPS IN SOUTH FLORIDAAgriculture in FloridaAgriculture in Miami-DadeNation's “Salad Bowl” and “Winter Bread Basket. ...Soil type and land preparationLand preparationFertilizerIrrigationInsect pests of vegetable cropsSlide Number 10Factors enhancing soil insectsFoliage pests of vegetable cropsInsect pests of tomatoSlide Number 14Insect pests of beanInsect pests of CucurbitsSlide Number 17Insect pests of cornCORN SILK FLY (Picture wing fly)Slide Number 20Insect pests of OkraInsect pests of Sweet potatoCONVENTIONAL CONTROLIPMIntegrated Pest ManagementFactors enhancing soil insectsBiological control of corn silk fly Zelus longipes feeding on Euxesta stigmatias in sweet corn fieldAdult O. insidiosus feeding on a third instar larva of Euxesta stigmatiasStaphylinid larva feeding on Euxesta stigmatias eggsLarva of Chrysoperla carnea feeding on an adult Euxesta eluta flyEffect of insecticides on corn silk fly adult reductionMean number of sweet corn plants infested with FAWMean rating of sweet corn plants infested with cucumger beetleSlide Number 35Slide Number 36

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