management

Modern Management, 13e (Certo/Certo)Chapter 4 Management and Diversity

1) The minority group in an organization lacks critical power, resources, acceptance, and social status.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 78Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 1Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

2) The term "majority group" does not necessarily refer to the group with a numerical majority. Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 78Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 1Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

3) Diversity in the managerial ranks can enhance decision making, but has little influence on gaining market share. Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 79Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

4) Including nontraditional employees in fair competition for advancement decreases the quality of management in the organization. Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 80Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

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5) One of the advantages of a diverse workforce is that it is more resilient when faced with change. Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 80Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

6) The belief that one's own group, culture, country, or customs are superior to that of others is known as ethnocentrism.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 82Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

7) A stereotype is a positive or negative assessment of members of a group or their perceived attributes.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 82Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

8) Discrimination is a preconceived judgment, opinion, or assumption about an issue, behavior, or group of people. Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 82Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual


9) "Token" employees are always given very high visibility in an organization. Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 83Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

10) Gender-role stereotypes are negative perceptions of women based on what society believes are appropriate behaviors for them. Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 83Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

11) The glass ceiling refers to an invisible "ceiling," or a barrier to advancement for minorities in organizations. Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 83Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

12) Role conflict refers to the situation in which a person has too many expectations to comfortably fulfill. Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 84Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual


13) Reverse discrimination is the term used to describe inequities affecting members of the minority group as an outcome of programs designed to assist the majority group. Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 87Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

14) Pluralism refers to an environment in which differences are acknowledged, accepted, and seen as significant contributors to the entirety.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 89Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

15) The major advantage of the "Golden Rule" approach to achieving workforce diversity is that individuals approach it from their own particular frame of reference. Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 89Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

16) The assimilation approach advocates shaping organization members to fit the existing culture of the organization. Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 89Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual


17) The culture-specific approach to encouraging diversity gives employees a genuine appreciation for the culture they are about to encounter. Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 89Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

18) The multicultural approach gives employees the opportunity to develop an appreciation for both differences of culture and variations in personal characteristics.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 90Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

19) Managers who have progressed to Donaldson's "conscious incompetence" stage learn how to interact with diverse groups and cultures by deliberately thinking about how to behave. Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 92Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 5Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

20) Managers who have progressed to Donaldson's "unconscious competence" stage will be most effective in managing a diverse workforce. Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 92Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 5Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual


21) In an organization, the group of people who hold most of the positions that command decision-making power is known as the ________.A) majority group B) model minorityC) determinant group D) functional group E) working group Answer: APage Ref: 78Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 1Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

22) The finance department of Lewis & Sons only accounts for 10% of the employees, but wields the decision-making power and controls resources and information. As a result, the finance department of Lewis & Sons is considered to be a ________.A) determinant group B) majority group C) secondary groupD) minority groupE) model minorityAnswer: BPage Ref: 78Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsAACSB: Multicultural and Diversity UnderstandingObjective: 1Difficulty: EasyClassification: Application

23) In an organization, the group of people who lack critical power, resources, acceptance, and social status is known as the ________.A) primary group B) advocacy groupC) minority group D) special interest group E) majority groupAnswer: CPage Ref: 78Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 1Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual


24) Which of the following is true regarding the majority and minority groups in an organization?A) The minority group can have more people than the majority group.B) The majority group lacks power and resources compared to the minority group.C) The top management constitutes a minority group that commands decision-making power.D) The majority group in any organization lacks social status and acceptance. E) The minority group possesses decision-making power in organizations.Answer: APage Ref: 78Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 1Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

25) 95% of workers at Minipax Packaging Services are low-skilled workers, many of whom are from ethnic minorities. The turnover among workers is high and most decisions in the company are made by the top management, which makes up only 5% of the workforce. Which of the following statements is true for Minipax?A) The workers form the majority group as they outnumber the top management by 19 to 1.B) The minority group in Minipax has control of the resources and decision-making power.C) The top management constitutes a majority group that commands decision-making power.D) The majority group in Minipax lacks social status and acceptance. E) The majority group in Minipax outnumbers the minority group.Answer: CPage Ref: 78Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsAACSB: Multicultural and Diversity UnderstandingObjective: 1Difficulty: EasyClassification: Application

26) A diverse workforce in a company ________.A) alienates the company's customersB) enhances the company's credibility with customersC) hampers innovation and decision makingD) increases operational costs and expenditureE) reduces the market penetration ability of the companyAnswer: BPage Ref: 79Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual


27) Which of the following is an advantage of a diverse workforce?A) less resilience to change B) decreased market shareC) decreased innovationD) decreased costsE) lower productivityAnswer: DPage Ref: 79Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

28) Staffing an organization with nontraditional employees ________.A) hampers the organization's ability to withstand changeB) demotivates the minority employees in the organizationC) increases costs in the organizationD) increases customer dissatisfactionE) improves the quality of managementAnswer: EPage Ref: 79Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

29) ________ are statistical characteristics of a population.A) BiographicsB) DemographicsC) PsychographicsD) ChronographicsE) ReprographicsAnswer: BPage Ref: 81Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual


30) Which of the following is one of the demographic facts established in the Hudson Institute report? A) Fewer women will enter the workforce.B) The average age of the workforce will decrease.C) The population and workforce will grow more rapidly than at any time since the 1930s.D) The pool of young workers entering the workforce will shrink.E) Minorities will make up a smaller share of new entrants into the labor force.Answer: DPage Ref: 81Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

31) The changing demographics of a population over an extended period can give managers insight into ________.A) the future diversity management challengesB) the future competition level in the marketC) the future price that their product will commandD) the future changes in the technological environment E) a future legislation they will have to deal withAnswer: APage Ref: 81Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

32) The belief that one's own group, culture, country, or customers are superior to that of others is known as ________.A) pluralismB) bicultural stressC) ethnocentrism D) role conflictE) tokenism Answer: CPage Ref: 82Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual


33) A Japanese organization has just moved into the United States to expand its operations there. The management of the company places significant emphasis on Japanese culture and the ways of working. As a result, even after moving to the United States, the company prefers to hire more Japanese people than Americans. The company is said to have a(n) ________ attitude.A) ethnocentric B) objectiveC) relativisticD) subjectiveE) pluralisticAnswer: APage Ref: 82Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsAACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: 3Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Application

34) Which of the following statements is an instance of ethnocentrism?A) Jerry's Garage has an unwritten policy not to hire Hispanic workers as the management believes that they are unreliable.B) PBJ Inc. only hires candidates with a high-school diploma as the company processes require a certain level of literacy.C) Sunshine Sales hires a majority of Spanish-speaking salespeople, as it has a large market among the Hispanic population.D) The U.S. branch of Golden Dragon Ltd., a Chinese company, hires Chinese workers as the management feels that they best reflect the organization values.E) Divya's Designs is a bridal boutique that focuses on Indian outfits and caters mainly to Indian clientele.Answer: DPage Ref: 82Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsAACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: 3Difficulty: DifficultClassification: Application


35) Which of the following statements is true about prejudice?A) It is a preconceived belief that one's own group is superior to that of others.B) It is a preconceived judgment, opinion, or assumption about an issue, behavior, or group of people.C) It is the stress of coping with membership in two cultures simultaneously.D) It is a statistical representation of the characteristics of a given population.E) It refers to a situation where people have too many expectations to comfortably fulfill.Answer: BPage Ref: 82Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

36) A positive or negative assessment of members of a group or their perceived attributes is known as ________.A) a stereotype B) a prejudice C) ethnocentrism D) tokenism E) discrimination Answer: APage Ref: 82Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual


37) Which of the following statements is an instance of stereotyping?A) Jerry's Garage has an unwritten policy not to hire Hispanic workers as the management believes that they are unreliable.B) PBJ Inc. only hires candidates with a high-school diploma as the company processes require a certain level of literacy.C) Sunshine Sales hires a majority of Spanish-speaking salespeople, as it has a large market among the Hispanic population.D) The U.S. branch of Golden Dragon Productions prefers to hire Chinese workers as the management feels that they best reflect the organization values.E) Divya's Designs is a bridal boutique that focuses on Indian outfits and caters mainly to Indian clientele.Answer: APage Ref: 82Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsAACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: 3Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Application

38) Alice is an American student of Chinese origin. Her grades fell significantly during the last semester. Disappointed with her grades, Alice's teacher told her that she should be working harder and be more dedicated to her studies as a result of her Chinese heritage. The teacher's attitude can be described as ________. A) bicultural conflictB) tokenism C) stereotypingD) ethnocentrism E) feminism Answer: CPage Ref: 82Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsAACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Application


39) Treating an issue, person, or behavior unjustly or inequitably on the basis of stereotypes and prejudices is known as ________.A) tokenismB) discriminationC) ethnocentrism D) bicultural conflictE) xenocentrismAnswer: BPage Ref: 82Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

40) Being one of a very few members of a group in an organization is known as ________.A) discrimination B) prejudicingC) ethnocentrism D) tokenism E) stereotyping Answer: DPage Ref: 83Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

41) Which of the following is true for tokenism?A) It refers to the situation in which a person is one of few members of his or her group in an organization.B) It refers to an environment in which differences are acknowledged and seen as significant contributors to the entirety.C) It is the belief that one's own group, culture, country, or customs are superior to those of others.D) It discriminates against members of the majority group in order to help groups that are underrepresented in the organization.E) It is a positive or negative assessment of members of a group or their perceived attributes.Answer: APage Ref: 83Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual


42) As the only female copywriters in a team of twenty-three, Shania and Taylor are always a part of client meetings and public company occasions. This is an instance of ________. A) tokenismB) stereotypingC) prejudicingD) ethnocentrismE) polycentrismAnswer: APage Ref: 83Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsAACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: 3Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Application

43) Perceptions about the sexes based on what society believes are appropriate behaviors for men and women ________.A) are instances of sexual harassment B) are gender-role stereotypes C) are sources of pluralismD) are indications of ethnocentrismE) are results of bicultural stress Answer: BPage Ref: 83Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual


44) Sally has been in the finance department of Towsend's for the past eight years and is the longest-serving employee in the department. Though she has the experience and the qualifications to become a manager, a male colleague who was not as qualified was promoted over her. Sally notices that all the management positions in the company are occupied by males, even though there are many well-qualified women in the organization. Which of the following describes the above situation?A) double burdenB) white privilegeC) gray ceilingD) levelling mechanismE) glass ceilingAnswer: EPage Ref: 83Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsAACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Application

45) Sexual harassment is a form of ________. A) relativismB) acculturationC) pluralismD) discrimination E) bicultural stressAnswer: DPage Ref: 83Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual


46) When Alan went to Japan on a business assignment, he realized that the country has a longstanding tradition of people exchanging gifts during a business deal. For him, this practice was as bad as taking a bribe. What kind of a situation is Alan facing?A) role conflictB) bicultural stressC) discriminationD) the glass ceilingE) role overloadAnswer: BPage Ref: 84Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsAACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Application

47) Which of the following is a characteristic of bicultural stress? A) role conflict B) balanced growthC) improved skillsD) reverse discrimination E) pluralismAnswer: APage Ref: 84Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

48) Having to fill competing roles because of membership in two cultures causes ________.A) pluralismB) role conflictC) role overloadD) ethnocentrismE) tokenismAnswer: BPage Ref: 84Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual


49) Having too many expectations to comfortably fulfill is termed as ________.A) role overload B) role conflict C) pluralismD) tokenism E) role ambiguity Answer: APage Ref: 84Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

50) Ayesha is an Israeli immigrant to the United States. She works for a pharmaceutical company and is not only a gender minority, but also an ethnic minority in the company. Her peers, colleagues, and subordinates expect a lot from her. She is having a tough time fulfilling all these expectations. Ayesha is said to be facing ________.A) role ambiguityB) role conflictC) role insufficiencyD) role interferenceE) role overloadAnswer: EPage Ref: 84Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsAACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: 3Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Application

51) Which of the following is true regarding older workers?A) They avoid working nontraditional schedules.B) They do not make good mentors.C) They increase benefits cost to the organization.D) They are more open to change.E) They have adequate technology experience.Answer: CPage Ref: 84Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual


52) Which of the following is one of Sonnenfeld's findings concerning older workers? A) They tend to be low performers.B) They are less likely to take risks.C) They are more open to changes.D) They are low-cost workers.E) They are less cautious.Answer: BPage Ref: 84Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

53) Promoting diversity within the organization ________.A) increases costs associated with employee retentionB) reduces the ability of the company to capture market shareC) reduces the amount spent on discrimination lawsuits D) decreases the commitment level of employees at the lower levelsE) increases the expenses associated with turnover of employeesAnswer: CPage Ref: 79Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

54) Which of the following is true for organizations that welcome diversity?A) A diverse organization will lead to reduced customer insight.B) The organization will see lower productivity and increased costs as a result of this.C) It will be difficult to develop and implement innovations to the organization's products and services.D) Employee retention will increase, resulting in lower recruitment costs.E) The organization will have to hire less competent employees and training costs will increase.Answer: DPage Ref: 79Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 2Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Application


55) According to the Hudson Institute report, ________.A) benefits and policies for women workers must be increasedB) the United States must pay more attention to its own share of world trade and less on the growth of other economiesC) prosperity will depend upon how fast productivity grows in manufacturing D) minority workers must be integrated into the economy, within certain limitsE) the average age of the American worker will decreaseAnswer: APage Ref: 81Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

56) ________ programs are designed to eliminate barriers and increase opportunities for underutilized or disadvantaged individuals.A) Reverse discriminationB) Affirmative action C) Ethnic nepotismD) Positive libertyE) Social DarwinismAnswer: BPage Ref: 86Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

57) When a majority group member experiences inequities as a result of programs designed to help underrepresented groups, it is called ________.A) tokenism B) affirmative action C) reverse discrimination D) pluralismE) stereotyping Answer: CPage Ref: 87Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual


58) A major league basketball team has more African-American players than white players. It is about to recruit five more players and the management has specifically asked the coach to ensure that three out of the five new players are white. This is causing irritation among the African-American players who want to be part of the team. This is an example of ________.A) reverse discriminationB) pluralismC) tokenismD) stereotypingE) dualismAnswer: APage Ref: 87Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsAACSB: Multicultural and Diversity UnderstandingObjective: 4Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Application

59) Effective diversity efforts within an organization will involve ________. A) tying organizational rewards to managers' commitment to diversityB) noncompliance with affirmative action and EEOC standardsC) basing the diversity strategy solely on compliance with affirmative action and EEOC policiesD) enforcing affirmative action and EEOC policies, but not providing trainingE) complying with narrowly defined external policies with sporadic trainingAnswer: APage Ref: 89Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

60) ________ refers to an environment in which cultural, group, and individual differences are acknowledged, accepted, and viewed as significant contributors to the entirety.A) BiculturalismB) PluralismC) XenocentrismD) EthnocentrismE) TokenismAnswer: BPage Ref: 89Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual


61) The ________ approach to diversity relies on the biblical dictate, "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you."A) multiculturalB) golden ruleC) assimilationD) righting-the-wrongsE) culture-specificAnswer: BPage Ref: 89Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

62) Which of the following is true of the "golden rule" approach to promoting diversity?A) It requires that people know the culture of the other person.B) It emphasizes individual morality.C) It is applied from an individual's frame of reference.D) It addresses past injustices experienced by a particular group.E) It teaches employees the norms and practices of other cultures.Answer: BPage Ref: 89Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

63) The ________ approach's major weakness is that individuals apply the approach from their own particular frame of reference without knowing the cultural expectations, traditions, and preferences of the other person.A) culture-specificB) multiculturalC) golden ruleD) assimilationE) righting-the-wrongsAnswer: CPage Ref: 89Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual


64) The assimilation approach to promoting cultural diversity ________.A) relies on the maxim "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you" B) addresses past injustices experienced by a particular group C) pressurizes employees who do not belong to the dominant culture to conform D) teaches employees the norms and practices of another culture E) advocates incorporating changes into organization culture based on the cultures of employeesAnswer: CPage Ref: 89Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

65) Which of the following is true regarding the assimilation approach?A) It advocates incorporating changes into organization culture based on the cultures of new employees.B) It gathers the best from differing cultures and accepts a variety of viewpoints.C) It promotes creativity in the organization by encouraging employees to share their individual cultures and world views.D) It creates a homogeneous culture that suppresses the creativity and diversity of views that could benefit the organization.E) It addresses past injustices experienced by a particular group by developing policies to create a more equitable set of conditions.Answer: DPage Ref: 89Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual


66) Ruby's company, based in the United States, is not averse to recruiting people from different cultures. On the contrary, it schedules an intensive training session to help the employees from other cultures adopt and fit into the American culture. What kind of an approach does the company use to achieve effective workforce diversity?A) assimilation approachB) righting-the-wrongs approachC) culture-specific approachD) multicultural approachE) golden rule approachAnswer: APage Ref: 89Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsAACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: 4Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Application

67) The righting-the-wrongs approach ________.A) teaches employees the norms and practices of another culture to prepare them to interact with people from that culture effectivelyB) gives employees the opportunity to develop an appreciation for both differences of culture and variations in personal characteristicsC) advocates shaping organization members to fit the existing culture of the organizationD) relies on the maxim "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you" E) addresses past injustices experienced by a particular group by developing policies to create a more equitable set of conditionsAnswer: EPage Ref: 89Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual


68) The approach to cultural diversity that most closely parallels affirmative action policies is the ________ approach.A) multiculturalB) golden ruleC) assimilationD) righting-the-wrongsE) culture-specificAnswer: DPage Ref: 89Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

69) The ________ approach teaches employees the norms and practices of another culture to prepare them to interact with people from that culture effectively.A) culture-specificB) multiculturalC) golden ruleD) assimilationE) righting-the-wrongsAnswer: APage Ref: 89Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual


70) The culture-specific approach ________.A) creates a homogeneous culture that suppresses the creativity and diversity of views that could benefit the organizationB) pressures employees who do not belong to the dominant culture to conform to the prevailing cultureC) teaches employees the norms and practices of another culture to prepare them to interact with people from that culture effectivelyD) advocates change on the part of management, employees, and organization systems and structuresE) allows individuals to follow the approach from their own particular frame of reference without knowing the cultural expectations, traditions, and preferences of the other personAnswer: CPage Ref: 90Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

71) The multicultural approach ________.A) gives employees the opportunity to develop an appreciation for both differences of culture and variations in personal characteristicsB) advocates shaping organization members to fit the existing culture of the organizationC) creates a homogeneous culture that suppresses the creativity and diversity of views that could benefit the organizationD) pressures employees who do not belong to the dominant culture to conformE) addresses past injustices experienced by a particular groupAnswer: APage Ref: 90Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual


72) Eli International has just begun a recruitment drive in colleges. Hoping to increase the cultural diversity within the organization, recruiters are focusing on candidates from a number of minority communities. The organization firmly believes that different cultural viewpoints can contribute to innovation and customer insights. The company must hold training sessions with existing employees to help them welcome and understand their new colleagues. Which of the following approaches will best help the company achieve all its goals?A) assimilation approachB) "golden rule" approachC) multicultural approachD) righting-the-wrongs approachE) culture-specific approachAnswer: CPage Ref: 90Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsAACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: 4Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Application

73) The ________ approach focuses on how interpersonal skills and attitudinal changes relate to organizational performance.A) culture-specificB) multiculturalC) golden ruleD) assimilationE) righting-the-wrongsAnswer: BPage Ref: 90Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsAACSB: Multicultural and Diversity UnderstandingObjective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual


74) Planning for diversity involves ________.A) setting recruitment goals for members of underrepresented groupsB) establishing task forces or committees to explore issues and provide ideasC) overseeing compliance with the legal stipulations of EEOC and affirmative actionD) evaluating the extent to which diversity goals are being achievedE) managers encouraging and supporting employees to participate constructively in a diverse work environmentAnswer: APage Ref: 90Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 5Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

75) Managerial responsibilities in the area of organizing include ________.A) setting diversity goals for hiring of employees within a departmentB) establishing task forces or committees to explore issues and provide ideasC) setting recruitment goals for members of underrepresented groupsD) continuously monitoring the different units' progress with respect to the diversity goalsE) overseeing compliance with the legal stipulations of EEOC and affirmative actionAnswer: BPage Ref: 90-91Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 5Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

76) In the area of diversity, influencing organization members means that the managers must ________.A) establish task forces or committees to explore issues and provide ideasB) carefully choose the work assignments to support the career development of all the employeesC) encourage and support employees to participate constructively in a diverse work environmentD) set diversity goals for hiring of employees within a departmentE) select the diversity training programs for the organizationAnswer: CPage Ref: 91Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 5Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual


77) In the area of diversity, controlling involves ________.A) establishing task forces or committees to explore issues and provide ideasB) carefully choosing work assignments to support the career development of all employeesC) evaluating the extent to which diversity goals are being achievedD) the evaluation activities necessary to assess the diversity effortsE) the selection of the diversity training programs for the organizationAnswer: DPage Ref: 91Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 5Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

78) A manager collected data on the rate of promotions of African-American men in her division to assess the effectiveness of diversity training within the division. In doing so, she was involved in the activity of ________.A) planning B) influencing C) organizing D) controlling E) leadingAnswer: DPage Ref: 91Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 5Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

79) The process of raising managers' awareness and developing their competencies to deal with the issues endemic to managing a diverse workforce is known as ________.A) assimilationB) reverse discriminationC) diversity training D) affirmative actionE) role overloadAnswer: CPage Ref: 92Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 5Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual


80) In the ________ stage, managers are unaware of behaviors they engage in that are problematic for members of other groups.A) unconscious incompetenceB) conscious incompetenceC) conscious competenceD) unconscious competence E) controlled competenceAnswer: APage Ref: 92Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 5Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

81) In which of the following stages do managers go through a learning process in which they become attentive of behaviors that make them clumsy in their interactions with members of diverse groups?A) unconscious incompetenceB) conscious incompetenceC) conscious competenceD) unconscious competence E) controlled incompetenceAnswer: BPage Ref: 92Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 5Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual


82) Bill manages a large department with employees from diverse cultural backgrounds. A review of his management style revealed that Bill's informal way of speaking to employees is offensive to some people who come from cultures where formality and respect are the norm between different organizational levels. Which stage of progress in managing a diverse workforce is Bill in?A) unconscious incompetenceB) conscious incompetenceC) conscious competenceD) unconscious competence E) controlled incompetenceAnswer: APage Ref: 92Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsAACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: 5Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Application

83) According to Donaldson and Scannell, in which of the following stages do managers learn how to interact with diverse groups and cultures by deliberately thinking about how to behave?A) conscious competitionB) controlled incompetenceC) conscious competence D) unconscious competence E) unconscious incompetenceAnswer: CPage Ref: 92Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 5Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual


84) According to Donaldson and Scannell, managers are the most effective with respect to interacting in a diverse workforce in the ________ stage. A) conscious competitionB) conscious incompetenceC) conscious competenceD) unconscious competenceE) unconscious incompetenceAnswer: DPage Ref: 92Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 5Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual

85) A&M Global Services recently instituted an organization-wide policy aimed at increasing diversity within the organization. Though recruitment practices complied with the policy and management conducted intensive diversity training sessions, employee support of the initiative has been negligible. Which of the following will most likely encourage employee cooperation in this situation?A) ethnocentrismB) diversity trainingC) social rewardsD) top-down supportE) coping mechanismsAnswer: CPage Ref: 92Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsAACSB: Multicultural and Diversity UnderstandingObjective: 5Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Application


86) What is diversity and what are the advantages of a diverse workforce?Answer: Diversity refers to characteristics of individuals that shape their identities and the experiences they have in society. The following are some advantages of a diverse workforce:a. It improves the ability of the organization in gaining and keeping its market share.b. It helps in cost savings.c. It increases the productivity of the organization.d. It brings a more innovative workforce into the organization.e. It helps in motivating the minority and women employees.f. It produces better quality of managers.g. It helps in building a workforce that is more resilient when faced with change.Page Ref: 79Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 1, 2Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Conceptual

87) Write a short essay on ethnocentrism and other negative dynamics that can interfere with workforce productivity.Answer: Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own group, culture, country, or customs are superior to that of others. Two other dynamics that are closely related with ethnocentrism are prejudices and stereotypes. A prejudice is a preconceived judgment, opinion, or assumption about an issue, behavior, or group of people. A stereotype is a positive or negative assessment of members of a group or their perceived attributes.Managers should know about ethnocentrism and stereotyping so that they can monitor their own perceptions and help their employees view diverse coworkers more accurately.When verbalized or acted upon, these negative dynamics cause discomfort and stress for the judged individual. In some cases, it leads to discrimination. Discrimination is the act of treating an issue, person, or behavior unjustly or inequitably on the basis of stereotypes and prejudices. Discrimination occurs when stereotypes are acted upon in ways that affect hiring, pay, or promotion practices. Other challenges facing minorities and women include the pressure to conform to the organization's culture, high penalties for mistakes, and tokenism. Tokenism refers to being one of few members of your group in the organization. "Token" employees are given either very high or very low visibility in the organization. Minorities are seen as representatives or "spokespersons" for all members of their group. As such, they are subject to high expectations and scrutiny from members of their own group. Page Ref: 82Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual


88) Briefly discuss the discrimination against women in organizations.Answer: Women in organizations confront gender-role stereotypes, or perceptions about people based on what our society believes are appropriate behaviors for men and women. Both sexes find their self-expression constrained by gender-role stereotyping. A serious form of discrimination affecting women in organizations has been dubbed the "glass ceiling." The glass ceiling refers to an invisible "ceiling," or barrier to advancement. This term was originally coined to describe the limits confronting women but is also used to describe the experiences of other minorities in organizations. Although both women and men struggle to balance work and family concerns, it is still more common for women to assume primary responsibility for household management as well as their careers, and sometimes they are denied opportunities for advancement because of this stereotype. Sexual harassment is another form of discrimination and is defined as any unwanted sexual language, behavior, or imagery negatively affecting an employee. Although sexual harassment more often targets women, men can also be victims of sexual harassment in the workplace or educational settings.Page Ref: 83Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 3Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Conceptual

89) How can diversity be promoted through equal employment and affirmative action?Answer: The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is the federal agency that enforces the laws regulating recruiting and other management practices. Affirmative action programs are designed to eliminate barriers and increase opportunities for underutilized or disadvantaged individuals. These programs are positive steps toward promoting diversity and have created career opportunities for both women and minority groups.Complying with EEO legislation can help to promote diversity in organizations and, as a result, help organizations gain the many diversity-related advantages. Managers should view EEOC as a source of guidance on how to build organizational diversity and reap its related advantages. Page Ref: 85-86Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 4Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Conceptual


90) Define pluralism. Explain the five approaches that can be used to achieve effective workforce diversity.Answer: Pluralism refers to an environment in which differences are acknowledged, accepted, and seen as significant contributors to the entirety. A diverse workforce is most effective when managers are capable of guiding the organization toward achieving pluralism. Approaches, or strategies, to achieve effective workforce diversity include the following:a. Golden Rule Approach — This approach to diversity relies on the biblical dictate, "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you." The major strength of this approach is that it emphasizes individual morality. b. Assimilation Approach — This approach advocates shaping organization members to fit the existing culture of the organization. This approach pressures employees who do not belong to the dominant culture to conform, at the expense of renouncing their own cultures and world views.c. Righting-the-Wrongs Approach — This is an approach that addresses past injustices experienced by a particular group. When a group's history places its members at a disadvantage for achieving career success and mobility, policies are developed to create a more equitable set of conditions. d. Culture-Specific Approach — This approach teaches employees the norms and practices of another culture to prepare them to interact with people from that culture effectively. This approach is often used to help employees prepare for international assignments.Multicultural Approach — This approach gives employees the opportunity to develop an appreciation for both differences of culture and variations in personal characteristics. This approach focuses on how interpersonal skills and attitudinal changes relate to organizational performance. Page Ref: 89Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in organizationsObjective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual


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