man → world
DESCRIPTION
Man → World. →. School → Work. →. Death. →. ?. →. MARX. →. Loss of Meaning. →. ↑ Meaning in life: free time. Framework: loss & gain. State. →. →. →. Businessmen. Recovery?. →. Capitalist. →. →. Exploitation/ Suffering. →. Workers. →. Class Structure. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Man → World School → Work Death ?
MARXLoss of
MeaningFramework: loss &
gain
Recovery?
Thesis: Bourgeois (Capitalist)
Antithesis: revolution
Synthesis: Communist SocietyNo Private Ownership
Capitalist
StateBusinessmen
WorkersExploitation/
SufferingClass
Structure
Religion: Opium
Alienation/ separation
Worker to the product/ activities
↑Meaning in life: free
time
→→→
→→
→→
→
→
→
→→ → →→ →
Parts: Replaceable→
SOCIALISM: no private individual would own the
“means of production” but the community as a whole
Wealth and power will be equally shared
by all
class struggle between the oppressed and the oppressors
there would be collective ownership of the means of production, and then there could be a classless society.
KARL MARX
“The trouble with the rat-race is that even if you win, you're still a rat.”
WHAT IS SOCIOLOGY?
Study of group – where interaction process is vital
From this process, patterns of behavior evolve
Primary focus is not on individuals and individual behavior but on social behavior
SOCIOLOGY
HOW DO HUMANS APPEAR ON EARTH?
interested in discovering when, where and why humans appeared on earth, how and why they have changed since then, and how and why modern populations vary in certain physical features
WHAT IS ANTHROPOLOGY?
Physical Anthropology:
ArcheologyCultural Anthropology
Scientific Linguistics
FIELDS OF ANTHROPOLOGY
Concerned with physical changes of man
race evolution, racial classifications
PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
The main pieces of evidence for evaluating prehistoric societies are:Fossils
Has an organic lifeWithstood the test of time
Artifacts Man-madeWithstood the test of time
ARCHEOLOGY
MAIN TECHNIQUE OF ARCHEOLOGY
Culture: way of life which is learned and transmitted by means of language
CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY
To see is to believe. Your friend gave you these 2 plates and it just so happened that this will be your first time to see such foods. Meaning, you are not influenced by your past experiences. Your friend maintained that plate B is the real food. How would you know that the other is not real? What are your grounds that made you claim on such assertion? –
A B
systematic study of recorded and unrecorded languages all over the world.
to know how man was able to communicate with his fellow humans, as a result of which, culture developed.
SCIENTIFIC LINGUISTICS
HOW SOCIOLOGY DEVELOPED
idea of positivismreports of sensory
experience is the exclusive source of all authoritative knowledge
only authentic knowledge is that which allows positive verification
Society, like the physical world, operates according to general laws.
AUGUSTE COMTE
1.Theological or religious stage
2.Metaphysical or abstract reasoning stage
3.Positive or scientific stage
3 STAGES OF KNOWLEDGE FOR COMTE:
BY MERE OBSERVATION, HOW CAN YOU PROVE TO ME THAT THE WORLD IS NOT FLAT?
RenaissanceReligion vs. ScienceCopernicusGalileo
TRADITIONS (CHURCH): EARTH AS CENTER OF THE UNIVERSEPsalm 93:1, Psalm 96:10, 1 Chronicles 16:30
“the world is firmly established, it cannot be moved.”
Psalm 104: 5 “the Lord set the earth on its foundations;
it can never be moved.”Ecclesiastes 1:5
“and the sun rises and sets and returns to its place”
Heliocentrism (telescope) vs. GeocentrismCopernicus: parallax
Heresy = imprisoned
as the viewpoint moves side to side, CLOSE = faster,FAR = slower.The planet moves faster when nearer the Sun.
(kepler)
PARALLAX (displacement)
human societies evolved from simple forms (primitive societies) to more complex forms (industrial societies).
through natural selection, those societies that adapt to their environment and compete successfully will persist (SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST).
eventually lead to social progress which constituted social justice
HERBERT SPENCER
He believed that individual members of a society live and die, but a certain structure in their activities remain
EMILE DURKHEIM
MECHANICAL SOLIDARITYSimilar tasks
ORGANIC SOLIDARITYVariable tasks
2 TYPES OF SOCIAL SOLIDARITY
belief systems can affect people’s actions Subjectively and
objectively patterns in social action
which he classified as value-oriented, goal-oriented actions
MAX WEBER
As societies grew more complex and encompassed different groups, a hierarchy of gods developed and as power in the society became more centralised, the concept of a single, universal God (ethical monotheism) became more popular and desirable.
RELIGION DIRECTS CAPITALISM
PLEASURES VS. SUCCESSactions were motivated by a highly
moral and respected philosophy
SPIRIT OF CAPITALISM
All social relations are creations of human will
FERDINAND TOENNIES
Essential Will - Gemeinschaftsympathy Friendship/
community groupArbitrary Will -
Gesellschaft activity with regard
to the futurecity and state
2 TYPES OF SOCIAL GROUPS WITHIN THE CONTEXTS OF HUMAN WILL
social network between individuals who are in constant interaction with one another.
GEORGE SIMMEL
Primary function of ritual is, by giving expression to the collective “sentiments of a society”, to contribute to social cohesion
ALFRED REGINALD RADCLIFFE-BROWN
social systems like the family, religion, education, economics, politics, etc., which can be analyzed in terms of functions.
Value-consensus to him refers to an underlying agreement regarding the rules of system to achieve their goals.
Action was not to be conceived as completely free but was grounded in and circumscribed by norms and ultimate principles of actions (values).
TALCOTT PARSONS
1) Give an example of a material and non-material culture seen in the video.
2) Reasons a society conform to norms. Cite an example in the video.
3) Forms of social norms: folkways, mores, laws. give an example on each form as seen in the video.
4) What is the significance of having a "VALUE" in the society. Give one major “VALUE” orientation on each society seen in the video.
5) Values held highly by Filipinos.6) CITE 4 MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE in
connection with the video.7) Modes of acquiring a culture and relate it in the video.8) Familiarize yourselves with the following terms:
ethnocentrism, xenocentrism, cultural relativism, subcultures, culture shock, culture lag, cultural exchange, acculturation, cultural dualism, cultural universal, and cultural diversity
300 KILOMETRO: ANG PAGLALAKBAY
CULTURE - CIVILIZATION
MATERIAL AND IMMATERIAL CULTURE
NORMS & INTERNALIZATION
A. POSITIVE SANCTIONS
B. NEGATIVE SANCTIONS
C. PHYSICAL SANCTIONS
D. PSYCHOLOGICAL SANCTIONS
E. FORMAL SANCTIONS
F. INFORMAL SANCTIONS
NORMS & SANCTIONS
A. FOLKWAYS
B. MORES C. LAWS
FORMS OF SOCIAL NORMS
A. PARALLELISMB. DIFFUSIONC. FISSIOND. CONVERGENCE
PROCESS OF CULTURE ADAPTATION