Man-Made FibresMan-Made Fibres

Read page 203-204Read page 203-204

define:define: dope (I will give this to you)dope (I will give this to you)spinneret (draw a picture)spinneret (draw a picture)extrudeextrudedenierdenier

The dope solution is The dope solution is extrudedextruded through the through the spinneretspinneret

How common are they?How common are they?

• Synthetic fibers account for Synthetic fibers account for about ½ of all fiber usage, about ½ of all fiber usage,

The most common areThe most common are

nylon nylon

polyesterpolyester

acrylic acrylic

polyolefin polyolefin

A basic timeline:A basic timeline:

• Rayon (1910) (artificial, not Rayon (1910) (artificial, not synthetic) synthetic)

• Acetate (1924) (artificial, not Acetate (1924) (artificial, not synthetic) synthetic)

• NylonNylon (1939) (1939) • Polyester Polyester (1953) (1953) • AcrylicAcrylic• OlefinOlefin

RayonRayon

• Made from regenerated wood pulpMade from regenerated wood pulp

• Fibres are dissolved and Fibres are dissolved and

reformed using the extrusionreformed using the extrusion

processprocess

But will it burn???????But will it burn???????

Rayon continuedRayon continued

What can you say aboutWhat can you say about

rayon from the picture?rayon from the picture?

• Known as mother-in-law silk or Known as mother-in-law silk or artificial silk- why do you think this artificial silk- why do you think this fibre had important military fibre had important military applications?applications?

NylonNylon

• a synthetic fabric a synthetic fabric made from petroleum made from petroleum productsproducts developed as an alternative to developed as an alternative to silk, although it quickly became silk, although it quickly became unavailable to civilian consumers, unavailable to civilian consumers, because nylon was used extensively because nylon was used extensively during the war. during the war.

NylonNylon

• light weight, light weight, • incredible tensile strength, incredible tensile strength, • durability, durability, • resistance to damage resistance to damage • takes dye easily, takes dye easily,

PolyesterPolyester

• made from polymers. The most made from polymers. The most commonly used fibre today.commonly used fibre today.– resilient, resilient, – quick drying, quick drying, – resistant to damage from mold and resistant to damage from mold and

mildew, mildew, – easy to wash, easy to wash, – hold forms well. hold forms well. – highly flammablehighly flammable

PolyolefinPolyolefin

• Not used for apparelNot used for apparel

Extruded filamentsExtruded filaments

• Extruded Extruded filaments are round if the filaments are round if the spinneret holesspinneret holes they are extruded they are extruded through through are roundare round..

This makes for really smooth/shiny This makes for really smooth/shiny fibres.fibres.

• Often the holes are altered toOften the holes are altered to

reduce smoothness/shine. reduce smoothness/shine.

Why?Why?

Crimping and texturizingCrimping and texturizing

• Why bother?Why bother?

So why cut filaments up So why cut filaments up into staples?into staples?

Use your text to define:Use your text to define:

• WickingWicking• MicrofibreMicrofibre

An additional note on:An additional note on: microfibresmicrofibres

• refers to synthetic fibres that refers to synthetic fibres that measure less than one denier. measure less than one denier.

• used to create non-woven, woven used to create non-woven, woven and knits and knits

• used for apparel, upholstery, used for apparel, upholstery, industrial filters and cleaning industrial filters and cleaning products…..products…..

They can be engineered They can be engineered to give:to give:

– softness, softness, – durability, durability, – absorption, absorption, – wicking abilities, wicking abilities, – water repellency, water repellency, – electrodynamics, electrodynamics, – filtering capabilities.filtering capabilities.

Fibre Qualities Fibre Qualities you want to advertise:you want to advertise:

• Cotton: Cotton: • COMBEDCOMBED• KIND OR QUALITYKIND OR QUALITY

• Wool:Wool:• WORSTEDWORSTED• KIND OR QUALITYKIND OR QUALITY

• Man-made Fibres:Man-made Fibres:• DENIERDENIER• TRADEMARK NAMETRADEMARK NAME• WICKING PROPERTIESWICKING PROPERTIES