Malnutrition in Indian Children

by

Arpit Ramani

Chinmay Shastri

Kishan Soni

Dixit Prajapati

Index:-

Introduction Definition and causes of Malnutrition

Identification and facts Reports

Prevention

Introduction:-

Malnutrition is medical condition caused by insufficient diet.

TYPES OF MALNUTRITION

-Under Nutrition

-Over Nutrition

According to WHO

-MAM(Moderate Acute Malnutrition)

-SAM(severe Acute Malnutrition)

-GAM(Globle Acute Malnutrition)

Under Nutrition Over Nutrition

Types according to WHO:-

MAM Moderate Acute Malnutrition Weight-for-Height Z-score <-

2 but >-3

GAM Global Acute Malnutrition Sum of MAM and SAM

SAM Severe Acute

Malnutrition Weight-for-Height Z-

score <-3 Bilateral pitting oedema

Causes of Malnutrition:-

DIRECT INDICATOR Low Birth Weight

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

Under 5 Mortality Rate (U5MR)

Stunting,Wasting, Underweight

Anaemia

Immunization

Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR)

INDIRECT INDICATORS Lack of Hygienic

Sanitation and Toilet Facilities

Access to Safe Drinking Water

Female literacy

Status:-

malnutrition in mother and child's nutrition status

Source:National family health survey , Ministry of health and welfare

Degrees of Malnutrition:-

Gomez classification of PEM:

Degree of PEM % of desired body wt. for age and sex

•Between 90% and 110% normal nutrition status

• Grade I(1st degree) Mild Malnutrition 75%-89%

• Grade II (2nd degree) Moderate Malnutrition 60%-74%

• Grade III(3rd degree) Severe Malnutrition <60%

Identification:-

Protein Energy Malnutrition(PEM) Micronutrient deficiencies PEM

marasmus

extreme wasting of the muscles and a daunt expression

kwashiorkor swelling of the extremities and belly

Some facts about malnutrition:-

Highest number of children 1/3 of world in India Hunger rank 16th among World Population growth 10-14% per year National Obesity rate

25% hungry people in India

14% women

18% men

Source:Wikipedia

Some facts about malnutrition:-

Underweight inversely proportional to Socioeconomic position

44% children underage of 5 are underweight 72% infants and 52% married women have anaemia Weak Pregnant women give birth to a weak child

Source:Wikipedia

Inter generational cycle of malnutrition and health:-

Index For Malnutrition in INDIA:-

Global Hunger Index (GHI) 16th Rank (21.3) Under-5 mortality rate (U5MR) 61 Infant mortality rate 47 Low Birth weight 28% Early breastfeeding 41% Underweight 43% Stunting 48% Wasting 20% Overweight 2%

Source: UNICEF

Report:-

MP is highest in malnutrition where 55% children are suffering and in Kerala the rate is 27%.

Hindu and Muslims are more than any other religion in India More affected in Rural(75) than Urban(25) Graphs

Source:UNICEF

Report:-

Source: Ministry of statistics and program implementation(Govt. of India)

Estimated infant mortality rate by sex and residence

Report:-

Source: Ministry of statistics and program implementation(Govt. of India)

Malnutrition in children in urban and rural Nutritional status of children under three years of age

Prevention:-

At family level

-Breast feeding

-nutritive food

-Equality in male and female

At community level

-promotion of healthcare programmes

-provide nutritional education

-income generation activities

Prevention:-

At National Level:--rural development and stabilization of population

-increase agriculture food production

-diet and nutrition should be carried out

-good nutrition planning

-detect the causes of problems

Prevention:-

ACCELERATING PROGRESS IN REDUCING CHILD MALNUTRITION IN INDIA.

1)Midday meal scheme in Indian schools

-over 1.3 million children

2)Integrated child development scheme(ICDS-1975)

-Mothers,children(under 6)

-36 million children

-7 million pregnant women

Prevention:-

3)National children’s Fund

-International year of the child in 1979

-welfare of kids

4)National Plan of Action for Children

-15 states

-Holistic child development

-Aanganvaadi in Villages

Prevention:-

5) United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)

-Associated with UNICEF since 1949

6) National Rural Health Mission(2005)

Reduce infant mortality rate (IMR) and maternal mortality ratio (MMR)

Provide access to integrated comprehensive primary healthcare

Provide universal access to public health service

Finally, to promote healthy life styles

STRATEGIC CHOICES FOR IMPROVED CHILD NUTRITION:-

SHORT-TERM STRATEGY:

1. Nutrition and health programs and policies

2. Effectively address the main nutrition problems.

3. Combined efforts with action.

4. Strong monitoring and evaluation.

5. Research can identify gaps

6. Additional research focused on states, cities, districts,etc

Thank You