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Page 1: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites
Page 2: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites
Page 3: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

•Male first, then female

•Female, then male•Both at the same time

Hermaphrodites

Page 4: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

The gonad of the mangrove rivulus is half

ovary and half testis

Page 5: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

Parrotfish

Page 6: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

Parrotfish•Female when young

•Male as they get older

Page 7: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

Black Sea Bass

Page 8: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

Black Sea Bass•Switch sex back and forth quickly

•More often female as they get older

Page 9: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

Clownfish

Page 10: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

Clownfish• There is only one female in

each group• The female and the largest

male in group do all the spawning

• When the female dies, the largest male replaces her and the second largest male becomes the new head male

Page 11: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites
Page 12: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

Explaining Nemo

• Nemo should have had a lot of uncles around

• When Nemo’s mom died..• His dad should have turned into his

mom and…• One of his “uncles” should have

turned into his dad

Page 13: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

Why Hermaphrodites?

• Dominant male has a harem. He has spectacular reproductive success because he gets to fertilize the eggs from many females during a “spawning aggregation”.

• Other smaller males could not compete with the dominant male, so they would have no success at all.

• If they are female instead, then they have some success right now, and have a shot at being the dominant male when they get older and larger.

• Sneaky strategy…– Small males that look like females can sneak into

the spawning aggregation

Page 14: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites
Page 15: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

Midshipman

Page 16: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

Midshipman• Type 1 males: Grow slowly but

get big. Strong vocal system for courting

• Type 2 males: Mature quickly, small size, huge testes!

• Type 2s sneak in and fertilize the female that the Type 1 fish attracted

Page 17: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

Other Sneakers• Bluegill

– Dash in, dash out– Female mimics

• Salmon– Remember the Jacks?

Page 18: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites
Page 19: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

Chromosome Anatomy

1 2 3 4

Page 20: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

Meiosis

Page 21: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites
Page 22: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites
Page 23: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites
Page 24: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites
Page 25: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites
Page 26: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites
Page 27: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites
Page 28: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites
Page 29: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

1st polar bodyJUNKJUNK

Page 30: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

Egg

2nd Polar Body

Page 31: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

Egg

2nd PolarBody

Embryo

Page 32: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

Embryo

Page 33: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites
Page 34: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

<< >

Poeciliidae

The polar body staysSperm activates eggSperm DNA rejected

>>>>

<

<

Page 35: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites
Page 36: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

>><<

XX

XX

GynogeneticFish

Irradiated sperm activate egg. Heat and pressure save polar body.Sperm DNA doesn’t participate

Page 37: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites
Page 38: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

Triploid FishTriploid Fish•Heat and pressure prevent the loss of the polar body

•Fish has 3 sets of chromasomes

Page 39: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

Hydraulic cylinder for

making triploid fish eggs

Page 40: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

>><< >>

<<

>>

<<

XX

XX

XX

Making aTriploid

Heat and pressure prevent loss ofpolar body

Fish grows up with anExtra set of chromosomes

<<

Page 41: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

DiploidRed Blood

Cell

TriploidRed Blood

Cell

Recognizing Triploids

Page 42: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

CoulterCounter

Page 43: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites
Page 44: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites
Page 45: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

X XX XX XXY XY XY

XX= FEMALE

Mendel Punnett

Page 46: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

XX x XY

XXXXXYXY

Male and female fish produce young with a 50:50 sex ratio

Key Color = sex coded forby genes (genotype)

= sex that fish looks and acts like (phenotype)

Page 47: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites
Page 48: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites
Page 49: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites
Page 50: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

XX x XY

XXXXXYXY

XXXXXYXY

Testosterone

Testosterone feed causes all of the tilapia to grow up looking and acting like males regardless of their DNA.

Page 51: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites
Page 52: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

WZ x WW

WZWZWWWW

Sex determination in some tilapia species is opposite to that of the normal X, Y system. The WZ fish are the females.

Page 53: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

WZ x XY

WXWYZXZY

Some Die:All survivorsare male

Crossing pure blood WZ fish with pure XY fish can produce all male young.

Page 54: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites
Page 55: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

WZ x WW

WZWZWWWW

WWWW

WZWZ

Page 56: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

WW x WW

WWWWWWWW

Sex reversed

Sex reversed WW fish can be used to produce all-male young.

Page 57: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

All male fishAll male fish1. Testosterone2. WZ x XY hybrids3.Genetic “super” males

using sex reversed WW females

Page 58: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites

• HermaphroditesHermaphrodites– What does it mean?What does it mean?– What are the advantages?What are the advantages?– SneakersSneakers

• Meiosis and polar bodiesMeiosis and polar bodies• Gynogenetic fishGynogenetic fish• Triploid fishTriploid fish• Three ways to make all male tilapiaThree ways to make all male tilapia

– TestosteroneTestosterone– WZ x XY hybridsWZ x XY hybrids– Super malesSuper males


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