Malaysian Biomass Feedstock and Renewable Energy Footprint

Biomass in Malaysia

Municipal Waste

MSW

Landfill Gas

Organic Fertilizer

Sugarcane

Bagasse

Molasse

Rice

Husk

Straw

Wood

Forest

Sawmill

Oil Palm

EFB

Shell

POME

Fibre

Fronds/Trunk

*Malaysia generates in excess of 15,000 tons of solid waste per day

Biomass Total Annual Volume (in Million)

Saw dust0.250%

Rice husk0.50%

Rice straw1.31%

MSW10.95

8%

Sogo waste0.040%

Kenaf0.0024

0%

Sewage Sludge

3.22%

POM waste129.01

89%

Palm Oil in Malaysia

• Current expectation on world palm oil consumption is significantly rising.

• Malaysia is the second largest Crude Palm Oil (CPO) producer.

• Palm Industry is the main contributor to biomass sources in Malaysia, and projection show rising capacity. Current annual oil palm biomass generation is estimated to be 80 million metric tons.

• Examples of current utilization of oil-palm biomass include composting, pulp and paper industry, wood industry, and animal feedstock.

Current Main Commercial (Palm Oil Waste)

5% 3% 2%

11%

43%

36%EFB

PKS

PKC

OPT

POME

OPF

Long Fiber

Export to Europe

None

None

Composting with EFB

None

Low Hanging FruitsConversion of Biomass to Energy

• Reticulating the Palm Oil Mill (POM).• Increase efficiency of energy production in

POM.• Additional energy from biogas.• Export Bio- Energy impact:

– Rural Electrification & Industrialization.– Released 5MW × 400 POM= 2,000MW– Creates 400 × 20= 8,000 new jobs– Generates high impact spin offs.– Reduces 2,000MW × 0.5= 1,000tco₂e × 8,000

= 8,000,000tco₂e carbon emisson.

Current Utilization in the Palm Oil Waste

EFB, 5%

PKS, 3%

PKC, 2%

OPT, 11%

POME, 43%

OPF, 36%

a.) Mulching (60%)b.) Compositing with EFBc.) Long/short fibersd.) Pulpe.) Biodegradable containersd.) Anti-erosion fiber mate.) Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose (CMC)

a.) Fuel pellets & briquettesb.) Torrified fuel pelletsc.) Bio-compositesd.) Bio-sugarse.) Bio-alcoholsf.) Bio-plasticsg.) Activated carbon fibres

Current Utilization Potential Utilization

a.) Solid fuel in palm iol millsb.)Activated carbon

a.) Fuel pelletsb.) Bio-char

Current Utilization Potential Utilization a.) Animal feedb.) Fuel pellets

a.) High quality animal feedb.) Mannose extraction

Current Utilization Potential Utilization

a.) Left in fieldb.) Low- grade plywood

a.) Fuel pelletsb.) Engineered lumberc.) Bio- compositesd.) Bio- sugarse.) Bio- alcoholsf.) Bio- plastics

Current Utilization Potential Utilization

a.) Solid fuel in palm iol millsb.) Activated carbonc.) Composing with EFB

a.) Fuel pelletsb.) Bio-charc.) Biogas --> Carbon nanotubesd.) Bio- sugarse.)Bio- alcoholsf.) Bio- plastics eg. PHA

Current Utilization Potential Utilization

a.) Left in fieldb.) Small- scale animal feed

a.) Fuel pelletsb.) Phyto- nutrients extractionc.) Bio- compositesd.) Bio- sugarse.) Bio- alcoholsf.) Bio- plasticsg.) Composting

Current Utilization Potential Utilization

Current Commercial Value in The MSW Products

Current Utilization

• Landfill methane for power generation.

• Power generation from RDF.

• Organic kitchen waste for composting.

Potential Utilization

• Rural household biogas.

• Leachate as feedstock for lactic acid.

What is Carbon?

• Everything that grows is built out of carbon. Carbon is also stored in great quantities in all fossil fuels.

• When carbon is in its solid form, it is harmless, and in fact profoundly helpful and supportive of life as we know it. When these sources of carbon are burned, carbon is transformed into a gas known as Carbon Dioxide or C02

• . Increasing accumulations of C02 in the earth’s atmosphere coupled with increasing emissions of other green house gases is responsible for the global warming crisis we now face as a global community .

What is a “Carbon Footprint”?• A carbon footprint is a measure of

the impact our activities have on the environment, and in particular climate change

• It relates to the total greenhouse gas emissions produced directly and indirectly in our day-to-day lives through burning fossil fuels for electricity, heating and transportation etc

Establishment and Strengthening of Rural Economies

By improving the biomass energy footprint in the existing POM (from low efficiency(2.4%) to hightefficiency (24%)) the energy resource availability is multiplied many times over.

This will unlock the real potential of the biomass in the rural areas and create the basis for reliable energy infrastructure (distributed power and energy generation)

The inherent negative logistic impact on the value chain is reduced.

Deliveries of energy via Bio-grid will enable the export of power on a sustainable basis to the nation.

Availability of energy, water and logistical infra once made available the other value added industries will establish their facilities in the rural areas.