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MALAYSIA
BANCI EKONOMI
ECONOMIC CENSUS
2016
STATISTIK MILIKAN WANITA
WOMEN-OWNED STATISTICS
MALAYSIA
JABATAN PERANGKAAN MALAYSIA DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS, MALAYSIA
Pemakluman/Announcement:
Dimaklumkan bahawa Kerajaan Malaysia telah mengisytiharkan Hari
Statistik Negara (MyStats Day) pada 20 Oktober
setiap tahun. Tema sambutan MyStats Day 2017 adalah
“Data Berkualiti, Kehidupan Sejahtera.”
Please be informed that the Government of Malaysia has declared
National Statistics Day on October 20 each year.
MyStats Day 2017 theme is
“Better Data, Better Lives.”
Diterbitkan oleh:
Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia
Blok C6, Kompleks C,
Pusat Pentadbiran Kerajaan Persekutuan,
62514 Putrajaya,
MALAYSIA
Tel. : 03-8885 7000
Faks : 03-8888 9248
Portal : https://www.dosm.gov.my
Facebook : www.facebook.com/StatsMalaysia
Twitter : https://twitter.com/StatsMalaysia
Harga /Price : RM50.00
Diterbitkan pada Disember 2017
Hakcipta terpelihara.
Tiada bahagian daripada terbitan ini boleh diterbitkan semula, disimpan untuk pengeluaran atau
ditukar dalam apa-apa bentuk atau alat apa jua pun kecuali setelah mendapat kebenaran
daripada Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia.
Pengguna yang mengeluarkan sebarang maklumat dari terbitan ini sama ada yang asal atau
diolah semula hendaklah meletakkan kenyataan berikut:
“Sumber: Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia.”
Published by:
Department of Statistics, Malaysia
Block C6, Complex C,
Federal Government Administrative Centre,
62514 Putrajaya,
MALAYSIA
Tel. : 03-8885 7000
Fax : 03-8888 9248
Portal : https://www.dosm.gov.my
Facebook : www.facebook.com/StatsMalaysia
Twitter : https://twitter.com/StatsMalaysia
Published in December 2017
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means or stored
in database without the prior written permission from Department of Statistics, Malaysia. Users
reproducing content of this publication with or without adaptation should quote the following:
“Source: Department of Statistics, Malaysia.”
ISBN 978-967-2000-54-9
KATA PENGANTAR
Penerbitan Statistik Milikan Wanita adalah hasil daripada Banci Ekonomi (BE) 2016 dan
julung kali diterbitkan oleh Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. Usaha menerbitkan
parameter tambahan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penemuan BE dari dimensi yang
berbeza selari dengan usaha Jabatan untuk merakyatkan statistik. Penerbitan ini
mengeluarkan statistik Milikan Wanita bagi memenuhi keperluan merancang polisi
dan program pembangunan negara. Di samping itu, statistik ini juga berguna untuk
ahli akademik dan individu dalam menjalankan penyelidikan.
Penerbitan ini menyediakan statistik bagi semua industri yang telah dikelaskan di
bawah Piawaian Klasifikasi Industri Malaysia (MSIC) 2008 Ver.1.0, selaras dengan
International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), Revision
4, 2008. Data utama yang berkaitan dengan nilai output kasar, nilai input
perantaraan, nilai ditambah, bilangan pekerja, gaji & upah dan nilai harta tetap
dilaporkan dalam penerbitan ini. Maklumat pekerja mengikut kelulusan dan pemilikan
wanita turut dipaparkan.
Pelaporan penerbitan ini dibahagikan kepada empat bahagian. Bahagian pertama
memaparkan infografik statistik utama dan ringkasan penemuan bagi statistik Milikan
Wanita. Aspek teknikal seperti skop & liputan, konsep & definisi dan pembolehubah
utama yang digunakan diterangkan dalam bahagian kedua bagi memudahkan
pengguna memahami statistik yang diterbitkan. Manakala, bahagian ketiga
menerangkan konsep asas statistik dan bahagian keempat memaparkan jadual
perangkaan secara terperinci.
Jabatan merakamkan setinggi-tinggi penghargaan atas kerjasama yang diberikan
oleh semua pihak yang terlibat dalam menjayakan penerbitan ini. Setiap maklum
balas dan cadangan untuk penambahbaikan laporan ini pada masa akan datang
amat dihargai.
DATO' SRI DR. MOHD UZIR MAHIDIN
Ketua Perangkawan Malaysia
Disember 2017
i
PREFACE
The publication of Statistics for Women-owned is an outcome of the Economic Census (BE)
2016 which is the first attempt undertaken by the Department of Statistics Malaysia. The
effort to publish this additional parameters is to review BE in different dimensions in tandem
with the Department’s efforts to deliver citizen-centric statistics. This publication produces
statistics for Women-owned to fulfill the requirement of state policy planning and
development. In addition, these statistics are useful for academia and individuals for
research purposes.
This publication provides statistics for all industries classified under the Malaysia Standard
Industrial Classification (MSIC) 2008 Ver. 1.0, in accordance with the International Standard
Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), Revision 4, 2008. Key data related
to value of gross output, value of intermediate input, value added, number of persons
engaged, salaries & wages and value of fixed assets are reported in this publication.
Information on number of persons engaged by qualification and women ownership are
also published.
The reporting of this publication is divided into four sections. The first section portrays the
infographic of main statistics and summary of findings for Women-owned statistics. The
technical aspects such as scope & coverage, concepts & definitions as well as the main
variables used are elaborated in the second section to facilitate users understanding.
Meanwhile, the third section explains the basic concepts of statistics and the fourth
section portrays the detailed statistics tables.
The Department gratefully acknowledges the co-operation rendered by all parties
involved in making this publication a success. Every feedback and suggestion towards
improving future reports is highly appreciated.
DATO' SRI DR. MOHD UZIR MAHIDIN
Chief Statistician Malaysia
December 2017
ii
KANDUNGAN CONTENTS
Muka Surat
Page
Kata pengantar i
Preface
Kandungan ii
Contents
BAHAGIAN 1: Penemuan utama & ringkasan penemuan 5
SECTION 1: Main findings & summary of findings
BAHAGIAN 2: Nota teknikal 27
SECTION 2: Technical notes
BAHAGIAN 3: Konsep asas statistik 61
SECTION 3: Basic concept of statistics
BAHAGIAN 4: Jadual
SECTION 4: Tables
JADUAL A : Jadual utama
TABLES A: Main tables
A1 Perangkaan utama mengikut sektor, 2015 73
Principal statistics by sector, 2015
A2 Perangkaan utama pertubuhan milikan wanita mengikut sektor, 75
2010 dan 2015
Principal statistics of women-owned establishments by sector,
2010 and 2015
A3 Perangkaan utama pertubuhan milikan wanita mengikut negeri, 2015 76
Principal statistics of women-owned establishments by state, 2015
A4 Perangkaan utama pertubuhan milikan wanita dalam sektor 77
pertanian, 2015
Principal statistics of women-owned establishments in agriculture
sector, 2015
A5 Perangkaan utama pertubuhan milikan wanita dalam sektor pelombongan & 78
pengkuarian, 2015
Principal statistics of women-owned establishments in mining & quarrying
sector, 2015
iii
KANDUNGAN CONTENTS
Muka Surat
Page
A6 Perangkaan utama pertubuhan milikan wanita dalam sektor 79
pembuatan, 2015
Principal statistics of women-owned establishments in manufacturing
sector, 2015
A7 Perangkaan utama pertubuhan milikan wanita dalam sektor pembinaan, 82
2015
Principal statistics of women-owned establishments in construction sector,
2015
A8 Perangkaan utama pertubuhan milikan wanita dalam sektor perkhidmatan, 83
2015
Principal statistics of women-owned establishments in services sector, 2015
A9 Perangkaan utama pertubuhan milikan wanita mengikut saiz output, 2015 85
Principal statistics of women-owned establishments by output size, 2015
A10 Perangkaan utama pertubuhan milikan wanita mengikut saiz pekerja, 2015 86
Principal statistics of women-owned establishments by employment size, 2015
A11 Perangkaan utama pertubuhan milikan wanita mengikut saiz harta tetap, 87
2015
Principal statistics of women-owned establishments by size of fixed assets,
2015
A12 Bilangan pekerja dan gaji & upah pertubuhan milikan wanita mengikut 88
kategori pekerja dan jantina, 2015
Number of persons engaged and salaries & wages in women-owned
establishments by category of workers and sex, 2015
A13 Bilangan pekerja dan gaji & upah pertubuhan milikan wanita mengikut 89
sektor, 2015
Number of persons engaged and salaries & wages in women-owned
establishments by sector, 2015
A14 Bilangan pekerja pertubuhan milikan wanita mengikut kategori pekerja 90
dan kewarganegaraan, 2015
Number of persons engaged in women-owned establishments by category
of workers and citizenship, 2015
A15 Bilangan pekerja pertubuhan milikan wanita mengikut sektor dan 91
kategori kemahiran, 2015
Number of persons engaged in women-owned establishments by sector
and category of skills, 2015
iv
KANDUNGAN CONTENTS
A16 Bilangan pekerja pertubuhan milikan wanita mengikut kelulusan dan 92
sektor, 2015
Number of persons engaged in women-owned establishments by
qualification and sector, 2015
A17 Nilai harta tetap pertubuhan milikan wanita mengikut sektor, 2015 93
Value of fixed assets of women-owned establishments by sector, 2015
A18 Perangkaan utama pertubuhan milikan wanita PKS mengikut sektor, 2015 94
Principal statistics of women-owned establishments SMEs by sector, 2015
JADUAL B: Jadual tambahan
TABLES B: Additional tables
B1 Penggunaan komputer, internet dan web presence mengikut 97
sektor/ subsektor bagi pertubuhan milikan wanita, 2015
Usage of computer, internet and web presence by sector/
sub-sector for women-owned establishments, 2015
B2 Pendapatan dan perbelanjaan e-Dagang pertubuhan milikan wanita 99
mengikut sektor/ subsektor, 2015
Income and expenditure of e-Commerce of women-owned establishments
by sector/ sub-sector, 2015
B3 Pendapatan e-Dagang pertubuhan milikan wanita mengikut jenis 101
pasaran dan sektor/ subsektor, 2015
Income of e-Commerce of women-owned establishments by type of
market and sector/ sub-sector, 2015
B4 Bilangan pertubuhan milikan wanita dan pecahan perbelanjaan 103
perlindungan alam sekitar mengikut sektor, 2015
Number of women-owned establishments and share of environmental
protection expenditure by sector, 2015
B5 Bilangan pertubuhan milikan wanita yang mempunyai pensijilan 104
alam sekitar mengikut sektor, 2015
Number of women-owned establishments with environmental
certification by sector, 2015
B6 Bilangan pertubuhan milikan wanita dan jenis perbelanjaan perlindungan 105
alam sekitar mengikut sektor, 2015
Number of women-owned establishments and type of environmental
protection expenditure by sector, 2015
v
Muka Surat
Page
Muka surat ini sengaja dibiarkan kosong
This page is deliberately left blank
RINGKASAN PENEMUAN
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
BAHAGIAN 1
SECTION 1
Muka surat ini sengaja dibiarkan kosong
This page is deliberately left blank
PENEMUAN UTAMA
STATISTIK MILIKAN WANITA
https://www.facebook.com/StatsMalaysia https://twitter.com/StatsMalaysia
BANCI EKONOMI 2016
RM85.0b 187,265
RM35.5b 127,533
853,559 RM39.6b
559,939 RM17.2b
RM37.9b RM14.1b
RM11.4b RM5.5b
2015
2010
Bilangan
pertubuhan
Nilai output
kasar Nilai
ditambah Bilangan
pekerja
Gaji &
upah Nilai harta
tetap
Kadar pertumbuhan tahunan
20.7% 27.2% 8.0% 19.1% 18.2% 8.8%
PERANGKAAN UTAMA
Bilangan Pertubuhan Milikan Wanita 2015 Mengikut Sektor
Perlombongan
& pengkuarian Pembuatan Pertanian Pembinaan Perkhidmatan
1,5411,541 2020 9,5469,546 2,6222,622 173,536173,536
MAIN FINDINGS OF
WOMEN-OWNED STATISTICS
https://www.facebook.com/StatsMalaysia https://twitter.com/StatsMalaysia
ECONOMIC CENSUS 2016
RM85.0b 187,265
RM35.5b 127,533
853,559 RM39.6b
559,939 RM17.2b
RM37.9b RM14.1b
RM11.4b RM5.5b
2015
2010
Number of
establishments Value of
gross output Value
added Numbers of
persons engaged
Salaries &
wages Value of
fixed assets
KEY STATISTICS
Number of Women-owned Establishments by Sector
Mining &
quarrying Manufacturing Agriculture Construction Services
1,5411,541 2020 9,5469,546 2,6222,622 173,536173,536
Annual growth rate
20.7% 27.2% 8.0% 19.1% 18.2% 8.8%
STATISTIK MILIKAN WANITA
RIN
GK
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PEN
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1. PENGENALAN
Laporan ini membentangkan perangkaan bagi pertubuhan Milikan Wanita
berdasarkan maklumat yang diperoleh daripada Banci Ekonomi 2016. Laporan
ini merangkumi semua sektor ekonomi: Pertanian, Perlombongan &
pengkuarian, Pembuatan, Pembinaan dan Perkhidmatan.
2. PRESTASI PERTUBUHAN MILIKAN WANITA
Penemuan banci menunjukkan sebanyak 187,265 pertubuhan Milikan Wanita
yang menyumbang 20.3 peratus daripada keseluruhan sektor ekonomi pada
tahun 2015. Nilai output kasar dan nilai ditambah yang dijana oleh pertubuhan
Milikan Wanita masing-masing berjumlah RM85.0 bilion (3.4%) dan RM39.6 bilion
(4.0%). Bilangan pekerja yang terlibat dalam pertubuhan Milikan Wanita adalah
seramai 853,559 orang (9.8%) dengan gaji & upah yang dibayar sebanyak
RM14.1 bilion (5.7%). Nilai harta tetap pertubuhan Milikan Wanita pula
direkodkan sebanyak RM37.9 bilion atau 2.4 peratus seperti di Paparan 1.
Paparan 1: Perangkaan Utama Pertubuhan Milikan Wanita, 2015
920,624
187,265
Nilai
ditambah
(RM bilion)
Bilangan
pertubuhan Gaji & upah
(RM bilion)
RM983.1
RM39.6
RM245.7
RM14.1
Keseluruhan
sektor
Ekonomi
Pertubuhan
Milikan
Wanita
% Sumbangan
Milikan
Wanita
20.3%
RM2,489.5
RM85.0
Nilai
output kasar
(RM bilion)
3.4%
Bilangan
pekerja
(orang)
8,732,238
853,559
9.8%
Nilai harta
tetap
(RM bilion)
RM1,598.6
RM37.9
2.4%
5.7% 4.0%
5
STATISTIK MILIKAN WANITA
RIN
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3. BILANGAN PERTUBUHAN
Pada tahun 2015, sebanyak 187,265 pertubuhan Milikan Wanita berbanding
127,533 pertubuhan pada tahun 2010 dengan kadar pertumbuhan tahunan
sebanyak 8.0 peratus. Sektor Perkhidmatan mencatatkan sumbangan tertinggi
sebanyak 92.7 peratus (173,536 pertubuhan), diikuti oleh sektor Pembuatan
5.1 peratus (9,546 pertubuhan) dan sektor Pembinaan 1.4 peratus
(2,622 pertubuhan). Sektor Pertanian mencatatkan kadar pertumbuhan yang
tertinggi sebanyak 21.6 peratus diikuti oleh sektor Pembinaan (13.8%) dan sektor
Perkhidmatan (8.2%) seperti yang ditunjukkan pada Paparan 2.
4. NILAI OUTPUT KASAR
Nilai output kasar yang dijana oleh pertubuhan Milikan Wanita berjumlah
RM85.0 bilion atau menyumbang sebanyak 3.4 peratus kepada keseluruhan sektor
ekonomi di Malaysia pada tahun 2015. Sektor Perkhidmatan menjana nilai output
kasar yang tertinggi sebanyak RM56.2 bilion atau 66.1 peratus, seterusnya diikuti
oleh sektor Pembuatan RM16.7 bilion atau 19.7 peratus dan sektor Pembinaan
RM6.8 bilion (8.0%) seperti di Paparan 3.
Paparan 2: Bilangan Pertubuhan Milikan Wanita mengikut Sektor, 2010 dan 2015
Perlombongan
& pengkuarian Pembuatan Pertanian Pembinaan Perkhidmatan
11,628 1,026 49,101 40,558 818,311 Keseluruhan
Ekonomi 920,624
Jumlah
1,541 20 9,546 2,622 173,536 Milikan Wanita
2015 187,265
580 32 8,792 1,371 116,758 Milikan Wanita
2010 127,533
21.6% -9.0% 1.7% 13.8% 8.2% 8.0% Kadar Pertumbuhan
Tahunan
100% 0.8% 0.0% 5.1% 1.4% 92.7%
Peratus
Sumbangan
Kepada
Keseluruhan Milikan
Wanita
6
STATISTIK MILIKAN WANITA
RIN
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Kadar pertumbuhan tahunan bagi nilai output kasar pertubuhan Milikan Wanita
sebanyak 19.1 peratus berbanding 2010. Sektor Pembuatan menunjukkan kadar
pertumbuhan yang tertinggi sebanyak 40.5 peratus, diikuti oleh sektor Pertanian
(35.1%) dan sektor Perkhidmatan (16.0%).
5. NILAI DITAMBAH
Nilai ditambah yang dijana oleh pertubuhan Milikan Wanita sebanyak
RM39.6 bilion atau menyumbang sebanyak 4.0 peratus kepada keseluruhan
sektor ekonomi di Malaysia pada tahun 2015. Sektor Perkhidmatan kekal
merekodkan nilai ditambah tertinggi sebanyak RM30.1 bilion atau 76.1 peratus.
Ini diikuti oleh sektor Pembuatan (RM4.2 bilion; 10.6%) dan sektor Pertanian
(RM2.8 bilion; 7.1%).
Paparan 3: Nilai Output Kasar Pertubuhan Milikan Wanita mengikut Sektor, 2010 dan 2015
7
Perlombongan
& pengkuarian
Pembuatan
Pertanian
Pembinaan
Perkhidmatan
35.1% 2015: RM5,229 (6.1%)
2010: RM1,163 (3.3%)
40.5%
16.0%
9.4%
2015: RM28 (0.0%)
2010: RM187 (0.5%)
2015: RM16,711 (19.7%)
2010: RM3,051 (8.6%)
2015: RM6,825 (8.0%)
2010: RM4,358(12.3%)
2015: RM56,243 (66.1%)
2010: RM22,776 (75.4%)
Nilai output kasar (RM juta)
(% sumbangan)
2015: RM85,036
2010: RM35,534 19.1%
Kadar
pertumbuhan
tahunan
-31.7%
STATISTIK MILIKAN WANITA
RIN
GK
AS
AN
PEN
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Kadar pertumbuhan tahunan bagi nilai ditambah pertubuhan Milikan Wanita
sebanyak 18.2 peratus berbanding RM17.2 bilion pada tahun 2010. Sektor
Pertanian menunjukkan kadar pertumbuhan yang tertinggi sebanyak
34.3 peratus diikuti oleh sektor Pembuatan (33.7%) dan sektor Perkhidmatan
(16.7%) seperti ditunjukkan pada Paparan 4.
6. BILANGAN PEKERJA
Bilangan pekerja bagi pertubuhan Milikan Wanita berjumlah 853,559 orang.
Daripada jumlah ini, seramai 576,462 atau 67.5 peratus merupakan pekerja
bergaji sepenuh masa. Seramai 242,547 orang adalah pemilik yang bekerja
dan pekerja keluarga tanpa gaji (28.4%) manakala 34,550 orang (4.1%) ialah
pekerja bergaji sambilan.
Paparan 4: Nilai Ditambah Pertubuhan Milikan Wanita mengikut Sektor, 2010 dan 2015
Perlombongan
& pengkuarian
Pembuatan
Pertanian
Pembinaan
Perkhidmatan
34.3% 2015: RM2,825 (7.1%)
2010: RM646 (3.8%)
-26.3%
33.7%
16.7%
10.1%
2015: RM14 (0.0%)
2010: RM 67 (0.4%)
2015: RM4,186 (10.6%)
2010: RM980 (5.7%)
2015: RM2,458 (6.2%)
2010: RM1,518 (8.8%)
2015: RM30,128 (76.1%)
2010: RM13,942 (81.3%)
Nilai ditambah (RM juta)
(% sumbangan)
2015: RM39,611
2010: RM17,153 18.2%
Kadar
pertumbuhan
tahunan
8
STATISTIK MILIKAN WANITA
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Sektor Perkhidmatan merekodkan bilangan pekerja yang tertinggi dalam
pertubuhan Milikan Wanita seramai 670,628 orang atau 78.6 peratus. Ini diikuti
oleh sektor Pembuatan (86,051 orang; 10.1%) dan sektor Pembinaan
(56,822 orang; 6.7%). Walau bagaimanapun, sektor Pertanian dan sektor
Pembinaan mencatatkan peratus sumbangan pekerja bergaji sepenuh masa
yang tertinggi, masing-masing sebanyak 95.6 peratus dan 95.5 peratus seperti di
Paparan 5.
Paparan 5: Bilangan Pekerja Pertubuhan Milikan Wanita mengikut Kategori Pekerja,
2015
576,462
orang
(67.5%)
Pekerja bergaji
sambilan
Pemilik yang
bekerja & pekerja
keluarga tanpa gaji
Pekerja bergaji
sepenuh masa
Bilangan pekerja pertubuhan Milikan Wanita 2015
853,559 orang
242,547
orang
(28.4%)
34,550
orang
(4.1%)
Perlombongan
& pengkuarian
Pembuatan Pertanian Pembinaan Perkhidmatan
38,088
(95.6%) 205
(94.0%)
73,545
(85.5%)
54,287
(95.5%)
410,337
(61.2%) Pekerja bergaji
sepenuh masa
Jumlah pekerja
39,840
(100%) 218
(100%)
86,051
(100%)
56,822
(100%)
670,628
(100%)
Pemilik yang bekerja
& pekerja keluarga tanpa gaji 879
(2.2%) 8
(3.7%)
10,114
(11.7%)
2,200
(3.9%)
229,346
(34.2%)
Pekerja bergaji sambilan 873
(2.2%) 5
(2.3%)
2,392
(2.8%)
335
(0.6%)
30,945
(4.6%)
9
STATISTIK MILIKAN WANITA
RIN
GK
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7. GAJI & UPAH YANG DIBAYAR
Pada tahun 2015, gaji & upah yang dibayar oleh pertubuhan Milikan Wanita
adalah berjumlah RM14.1 bilion dengan kadar pertumbuhan tahunan,
20.7 peratus berbanding tahun 2010. Jumlah gaji & upah yang tertinggi
direkodkan dalam sektor Perkhidmatan RM10.1 bilion dengan peratusan
sumbangan 71.3 peratus. Ini diikuti oleh sektor Pembuatan dan sektor Pembinaan
masing-masing mencatatkan jumlah gaji & upah sebanyak RM2.0 bilion (14.1%)
dan RM1.3 bilion (9.3%) seperti di Paparan 6.
Paparan 6: Gaji & Upah yang dibayar Pertubuhan Milikan Wanita mengikut Sektor,
2010 dan 2015
2015: RM738
2010: RM135
2015: RM5
2010: RM23
2015: RM1,992
2010: RM498
2015: RM1,319
2010: RM948
2015: RM10,072
2010: RM3,920
Perlombongan
& pengkuarian Pembuatan Pertanian Pembinaan Perkhidmatan
40.4% -25.0% 32.0% 6.8% 20.8%
RM juta
2015: RM14,126
2010: RM5,524
JUMLAH
20.7%
10
STATISTIK MILIKAN WANITA
RIN
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8. PRESTASI PERTUBUHAN MILIKAN WANITA MENGIKUT NEGERI
Bilangan pertubuhan
Dari segi bilangan pertubuhan, Selangor mencatatkan bilangan tertinggi
sebanyak 27,111 pertubuhan atau 14.5 peratus. Ini diikuti oleh Kelantan
(18,452 pertubuhan; 9.9%) dan W.P. Kuala Lumpur (17,560 pertubuhan; 9.4%).
Ketiga-tiga negeri ini secara kolektif telah menyumbang 33.8 peratus
kepada keseluruhan bilangan pertubuhan Milikan Wanita pada tahun 2015.
Nilai output kasar
Tiga negeri iaitu Selangor, W.P. Kuala Lumpur dan Johor masing-masing
merupakan penyumbang utama nilai output kasar. Selangor merekodkan
nilai output kasar tertinggi sebanyak RM23,491 juta (27.6%), diikuti W.P. Kuala
Lumpur (RM14,590 juta; 17.2%) dan Johor (RM10,575 juta; 12.4%).
Nilai ditambah
Negeri Selangor menyumbang nilai ditambah tertinggi sebanyak
RM11,466 juta (29.0%) diikuti oleh W.P. Kuala Lumpur (RM7,414 juta; 18.7%)
dan Johor (RM4,328 juta; 10.9%).
Bilangan pekerja
Bilangan pekerja dalam pertubuhan Milikan Wanita merekodkan seramai
853,559 orang, yang mana 19.8 peratus bekerja di Selangor. Seramai
101,327 pekerja (11.9%) dicatatkan di W.P. Kuala Lumpur manakala
101,033 pekerja (11.8%) dilaporkan di Johor.
Gaji & upah dibayar
Gaji & upah yang dibayar di Selangor mencatatkan bayaran gaji tertinggi
iaitu RM3.9 bilion atau 27.8 peratus. Ini diikuti oleh W.P. Kuala Lumpur
(RM2.6 bilion; 18.3%) dan Johor (RM2.0 bilion; 13.9%).
11
STATISTIK MILIKAN WANITA
RIN
GK
AS
AN
PEN
EMU
AN
Malaysia
187,265
pertubuhan
RM85,035 juta
RM39,611 juta
853,559
orang
RM14,126 juta
Johor
16,015
pertubuhan
RM10,575 juta
RM4,328 juta
101,033
orang
RM1,962 juta
Kedah
11,812
pertubuhan
RM3,008 juta
RM1,353 juta
43,396
orang
RM454 juta
Kelantan
18,452
pertubuhan
RM1,959 juta
RM1,019 juta
48,009
orang
RM262 juta
Melaka
6,646
pertubuhan
RM2,186 juta
RM1,310 juta
26,760
orang
RM331 juta
Negeri
Sembilan
7,581
pertubuhan
RM2,658 juta
RM1,140 juta
35,809
orang
RM530 juta
Pahang
9,841
pertubuhan
RM3,186 juta
RM1,472 juta
44,155
orang
RM528 juta
Pulau Pinang
10,524
pertubuhan
RM5,654 juta
RM2,538 juta
48,287
orang
RM814 juta
Perak
14,941
pertubuhan
RM3,764 juta
RM1,742 juta
56,129
orang
RM701 juta
Perlis
2,208
pertubuhan
RM411 juta
RM197 juta
7,760
orang
RM61 juta
Paparan 7: Perangkaan Utama Pertubuhan Milikan Wanita mengikut Negeri, 2015
Terengganu
10,142
pertubuhan
RM1,435 juta
RM702 juta
29,918
orang
RM226 juta
Selangor
27,111
pertubuhan
RM23,491 juta
RM11,466 juta
169,275
orang
RM3,926 juta
12
Petunjuk
Bilangan pertubuhan
Nilai output kasar (RM juta)
Nilai ditambah (RM juta)
Gaji & upah dibayar (RM juta)
Bilangan pekerja
STATISTIK MILIKAN WANITA
RIN
GK
AS
AN
PEN
EMU
AN
Sabah
19,077
pertubuhan
RM5,428 juta
RM2,546 juta
78,609
orang
RM914 juta
Sarawak
14,376
pertubuhan
RM6,314 juta
RM2,214 juta
58,457
orang
RM774 juta
W.P Labuan
697
pertubuhan
RM240 juta
RM102 juta
2,864
orang
RM36 juta
W.P Kuala Lumpur
17,560
pertubuhan
RM14,590 juta
RM7,414 juta
101,327
orang
RM2,579 juta
W.P Putrajaya
282
RM135 juta
RM67 juta
1,671
orang
RM27 juta
Paparan 7: Perangkaan Utama Pertubuhan Milikan Wanita mengikut Negeri, 2015 (samb.)
Petunjuk
Bilangan pertubuhan
Nilai output kasar (RM juta)
Nilai ditambah (RM juta)
Gaji & upah dibayar (RM juta)
Bilangan pekerja
13
STATISTIK MILIKAN WANITA
RIN
GK
AS
AN
PEN
EMU
AN
9. PERTUBUHAN PERUSAHAAN KECIL DAN SEDERHANA (PKS) MILIKAN WANITA
Pada tahun 2015, jumlah PKS yang dimiliki oleh wanita ialah 186,930 pertubuhan
atau 20.3 peratus kepada keseluruhan pertubuhan di Malaysia (Paparan 8).
Dari jumlah ini, 173,323 pertubuhan atau 92.7 peratus terlibat dalam sektor
Perkhidmatan dan diikuti oleh sektor Pembuatan iaitu sebanyak
9,519 pertubuhan (5.1%). Bakinya, 4,088 pertubuhan (2.2%) terlibat dalam sektor
Pembinaan, Pertanian dan Perlombongan & pengkuarian.
Paparan 8: Bilangan PKS Milikan Wanita mengikut Sektor, 2015
100%
12.9%
1.9%
19.4%
6.3%
21.2%
0.8%
0.0%
5.1%
1.4%
92.7%
Perlombongan
& Pengkuarian
Pembuatan
Pertanian
Pembinaan
Perkhidmatan
1,498
20
9,519
2,570
173,323
20.3% 186,930
11,628
1,026
49,101
40,558
818,311
920,624
Keseluruhan
Milikan
Wanita Peratus Milikan
Wanita
Sumbangan pertubuhan PKS
Milikan Wanita
186,930 Bilangan PKS Milikan
Wanita
14
WOMEN-OWNED STATISTICS
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1. INTRODUCTION
This report presents statistics on Women-owned establishments that was
compiled based on Economic Census 2016. The report covers all economic
sectors: Agriculture, Mining & quarrying, Manufacturing, Construction and
Services.
2. WOMEN-OWNED ESTABLISHMENTS PERFORMANCE
The census showed that there were 187,265 Women-owned establishments
which contributed 20.3 per cent to the total economic sector in 2015. Value of
gross output and value added generated by Women-owned establishments
amounted to RM85.0 billion (3.4%) and RM39.6 billion (4.0%) respectively.
Number of persons engaged for Women-owned establishments were
853,559 (9.8%) persons with salaries & wages paid of RM14.1 billion (5.7%). The
value of fixed assets for Women-owned establishments were recorded at
RM37.9 billion or 2.4 per cent as shown in Exhibit 1.
Exhibit 1: Key Statistics of Women-owned Establishments, 2015
RM2,489.5
RM85.0
Value of gross
output
(RM billion)
Number of persons
engaged (person)
Value of fixed
assets
(RM billion)
8,732,238
853,559
RM1,598.6
RM37.9
Overall
Economic
Sector
Women-owned
Establishments
% Share of
Women-owned
920,624
187,265
Number of
establishments
20.3%
3.4% 9.8% 2.4%
Salaries & wages
paid
(RM billion)
RM245.7
RM14.1
5.7%
Value
added
(RM billion)
RM983.1
RM39.6
4.0%
15
WOMEN-OWNED STATISTICS
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3. NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS
In 2015, there were 187,265 Women-owned establishments as compared to
127,533 establishments in 2010 with an annual growth rate at 8.0 per cent.
Services sector recorded the highest contribution with 92.7 per cent
(173,536 establishments), followed by Manufacturing sector 5.1 per cent
(9,546 establishments) and Construction sector 1.4 per cent
(2,622 establishments). Agriculture sector posted the highest annual growth of
21.6 per cent followed by Construction sector (13.8%) and Services sector (8.2%)
as shown in Exhibit 2.
4. VALUE OF GROSS OUTPUT
Value of gross output generated by the Women-owned establishments
amounted to RM85.0 billion which contributed 3.4 per cent to overall economic
sectors in Malaysia for year 2015. Services sector generated the highest value of
gross output of RM56.2 billion or 66.1 per cent, subsequently followed by
Manufacturing sector of RM16.7 billion or 19.7 per cent and Construction sector
RM6.8 billion (8.0%) as shown in Exhibit 3.
Exhibit 2: Number of Women-owned Establishments by Sector, 2010 and 2015
Mining&
quarrying Manufacturing Agriculture Construction Services
11,628 1,026 49,101 40,558 818,311 Overall
Economic 920,624
Total
1,541 20 9,546 2,622 173,536 Women-owned
2015 187,265
580 32 8,792 1,371 116,758 Women-owned
2010 127,533
21.6% -9.0% 1.7% 13.8% 8.2% 8.0% Annual Growth
Rate
100% 0.8% 0.0% 5.1% 1.4% 92.7%
Percentage
Share to
Overall
Women-owned
16
WOMEN-OWNED STATISTICS
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Women-owned establishments registered an annual growth rate of 19.1 per cent for
value of gross output as compared to 2010. Manufacturing sector showed the highest
growth rate of 40.5 per cent followed by Agriculture sector (35.1%) and Services
sector (16.0%).
5. VALUE ADDED
Value added generated by Women-owned establishments was RM39.6 billion which
contributed 4.0 per cent to overall economic sectors in Malaysia for year 2015.
Services sector remained to record the highest value added of RM30.1 billion or
76.1 per cent. This was followed by Manufacturing sector (RM4.2 billion; 10.6%) and
Agriculture sector (RM2.8 billion; 7.1%).
Exhibit 3:Value of Gross Output of Women-owned Establishments by Sectors,
2010 and 2015
Mining &
quarrying
Manufacturing
Agriculture
Construction
Services
35.1% 2015: RM5,229 (6.1%)
2010: RM1,163 (3.3%)
40.5%
16.0%
9.4%
2015: RM28 (0.0%)
2010: RM187 (0.5%)
2015: RM16,711 (19.7%)
2010: RM3,051 (8.6%)
2015: RM6,825 (8.0%)
2010: RM4,358 (12.3%)
2015: RM56,243 (66.1%)
2010: RM26,776 (75.4%)
Value of gross output (RM million)
(% share)
2015: RM85,036
2010: RM35,534 19.1%
Annual
growth rate
17
-31.7%
WOMEN-OWNED STATISTICS
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The annual growth rate for value added of women-owned establishments was
18.2 per cent as compared to RM17.2 billion in 2010. Agriculture sector posted the
highest annual growth of 34.3 per cent, followed by Manufacturing sector (33.7%) and
Services sector (16.7%) as shown in Exhibit 4.
6. NUMBER OF PERSONS ENGAGED
The number of persons engaged in Women-owned establishments were
853,559 persons. Out of this total, 576,462 persons or 67.5 per cent were paid full-time
employees. A total of 242,547 persons were working proprietors and unpaid family
workers (28.4%) whilst 34,550 persons (4.1%) were paid part-time employees.
Exhibit 4: Value Added of Women-owned Establishments by Sectors, 2010 and 2015
34.3% 2015: RM2,825 (7.1%)
2010: RM646 (3.8%)
-26.3%
33.7%
16.7%
10.1%
2015: RM14 (0.0%)
2010: RM 67 (0.4%)
2015: RM4,186 (10.6%)
2010: RM980 (5.7%)
2015: RM2,458 (6.2%)
2010: RM1,518 (8.8%)
2015: RM30,128 (76.1%)
2010: RM13,942 (81.3%)
Value added (RM million)
(% share)
2015: RM39,611
2010: RM17,153
Annual
growth rate
18.2%
Mining &
quarrying
Manufacturing
Agriculture
Construction
Services
18
WOMEN-OWNED STATISTICS
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Services sector recorded the highest number of persons engaged of Women-owned
establishments amounting to 670,628 persons or 78.6 per cent. This was followed by
Manufacturing sector (86,051 persons; 10.1%) and Construction sector
(56,822 persons; 6.7%). Nevertheless, Agriculture and Construction sector recorded the
highest percentage of paid full-time employees, 95.6 per cent and 95.5 per cent
respectively as shown in Exhibit 5.
Exhibit 5: Number of Persons Engaged of Women-Owned Establishments by Category of
Workers, 2015
576,462
persons
(67.5%)
Part-time
employees
Working proprietors
and unpaid
family workers
Full-time paid
employees
Number of persons engaged for Women-owned establishments 2015
853,559 persons
242,547
persons
(28.4%)
34,550
persons
(4.1%)
Total numbers of
persons engaged
39,840
(100%) 218
(100%)
86,051
(100%)
56,822
(100%)
670,628
(100%)
Full-time paid
employees 38,088
(95.6%) 205
(94.0%)
73,545
(85.5%)
54,287
(95.5%)
410,337
(61.2%)
Working proprietors
and unpaid family workers
879
(2.2%) 8
(3.7%)
10,114
(11.7%)
2,200
(3.9%)
229,346
(34.2%)
Part-time
employees
873
(2.2%) 5
(2.3%)
2,392
(2.8%)
335
(0.6%)
30,945
(4.6%)
Mining &
quarrying Manufacturing Agriculture Construction Services
19
WOMEN-OWNED STATISTICS
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7. SALARIES & WAGES PAID
In 2015, salaries & wages paid for Women-owned establishments amounted to
RM14.1 billion, with annual growth of 20.7 percent as compared to 2010. Services
sector recorded the highest total salaries & wages paid RM10.1 billion with
percentage contribution of 71.3 per cent. This was followed by Manufacturing and
Construction sector RM2.0 billion (14.1%) and RM1.3 billion (9.3%) respectively as
shown Exhibit 6.
Exhibit 6: Salaries & Wages Paid of Women-owned Establishments by Sector, 2010 and 2015
2015: RM738
2010: RM135
2015: RM5
2010: RM23
2015: RM1,992
2010: RM498
2015: RM1,319
2010: RM948
2015: RM10,072
2010: RM3,920
Mining &
quarrying Manufacturing Agriculture Construction Services
40.4% -25.0% 32.0% 6.8% 20.8%
RM million
2015: RM14,126
2010: RM5,524
TOTAL
20.7%
20
WOMEN-OWNED STATISTICS
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8. PERFORMANCE OF WOMEN-OWNED ESTABLISHMENTS BY STATES
Number of establishments
In terms of number of establishments, Selangor recorded the highest
number of 27,111 establishments or 14.5 per cent. This was followed by
Kelantan (18,452 establishments; 9.9%) and W.P. Kuala Lumpur
(17,560 establishments; 9.4%). These three states collectively contributed
33.8 per cent to the total number of Women-owned establishments in 2015.
Value of gross output
Three states namely Selangor, W.P. Kuala Lumpur and Johor were the major
contributors to value of gross output. Selangor recorded the highest value of
gross output of RM23,491 million (27.6%), followed by W.P. Kuala Lumpur
(RM14,590 million; 17.2%) and Johor (RM10,575 million; 12.4%).
Value added
Selangor contributed the highest value added with RM11,466 million (29.0%)
followed by W.P. Kuala Lumpur (RM7,414 million; 18.7%) and Johor
(RM4,328 million; 10.9%).
Number of persons engaged
The number of persons engaged in Women-owned establishments recorded
853,559 persons with 19.8 per cent worked in Selangor. A total of 101,327
persons (11.9%) were registered at W.P. Kuala Lumpur, while 101,033 persons
(11.8%) were reported in Johor.
Salaries & wages paid
Selangor registered the highest salaries & wages paid with RM3.9 billion or
27.8 per cent. This was followed by W.P. Kuala Lumpur (RM2.6 billion; 18.3%)
and Johor (RM2.0 billion; 13.9%).
21
WOMEN-OWNED STATISTICS
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Malaysia
187,265 establishments
RM85,034 million
853,559 persons
RM14,126 million
Johor
16,015 establishments
RM10,575 million
101,033 persons
RM1,962 million
Kedah
11,812 establishments
RM3,008 million
43,396 persons
RM454 million
Kelantan
18,452 establishments
RM1,959 million
48,009 persons
RM262 million
Melaka
6,646 establishments
RM2,186 million
RM1,310 million
26,760 persons
RM331 million
Negeri Sembilan
7,581 establishments
RM2,658 million
RM1,140 juta
35,809 persons
RM530 million
Pahang
9,841 establishments
RM3,186 million
RM1,472 million
44,155 persons
RM528 million
Pulau Pinang
10,524 establishments
RM5,654 million
RM2,538 million
48,387 persons
RM814 million
Perak
14,941 establishments
RM3,764 million
RM1,742 million
56,129 persons
RM701 million
Perlis
2,208 establishments
RM411 million
RM197 million
7,760 persons
RM61 million
Exhibit 7: Key Statistics of Women-owned Establishments by States, 2015
Terengganu
10,142 establishments
RM1,435 million
RM702 million
29,918 persons
RM226 million
Selangor
27,111 establishments
RM23,491 million
RM11,466 million
169,275 persons
RM3,926 million
22
Legend
Number of
establishments
Value of gross output (RM million)
Value added (RM million)
Salaries & wages (RM million)
Number of
persons engaged
RM39,611 million
RM4,328 million
RM1,353 million
RM1,019 million
WOMEN-OWNED STATISTICS
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Exhibit 7: Key Statistics of Women-owned Establishments by States, 2015 (cont’d.)
Legend
Number of
establishments
Value of gross output (RM million)
Value added (RM million)
Salaries & wages (RM million)
Number of
persons engaged
23
Sabah
19,077 establishments
RM5,428 million
RM2,546 million
78,609 persons
RM914 million
Sarawak
14,376 establishments
RM6,314 million
RM2,214 million
58,457 persons
RM774 million
W.P. Labuan
697 establishments
RM240 million
RM102 million
2,864 persons
RM36 million
W.P. Kuala Lumpur
17,560 establishments
RM14,590 million
RM7,414 million
101,327 persons
RM2,579 million
W.P. Putrajaya
282 establishments
RM135 million
RM67 million
1,671 persons
RM27 million
WOMEN-OWNED STATISTICS
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9. WOMEN-OWNED SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISE (SMEs) ESTABLISHMENTS
In 2015, women-owned SMEs accounted for 186,930 establishments or
20.3 per cent to total in Malaysia (Exhibit 8). Out of the total, 173,323
establishments or 92.7 per cent engaged in Services sector and followed by
Manufacturing sector of 9,519 establishments (5.1%). The remaining
4,088 establishments (2.2%) were involved in Construction, Agriculture and Mining
& quarrying sectors.
Exhibit 8: Number of Women-owned SMEs by Sector, 2015
100%
12.9%
1.9%
19.4%
6.3%
21.2%
0.8%
0.0%
5.1%
1.4%
92.7%
Mining &
quarrying
Manufacturing
Agriculture
Construction
Services
1,498
20
9,519
2,570
173,323
20.3% 186,930
11,628
1,026
49,101
40,558
818,311
920,624
Overall
Women-
owned
Percentage
of Women-
owned
Share of Women-owned
SMEs establishment
186,930 Number of
Women-owned SMEs
24
NOTA TEKNIKAL
TECHNICAL NOTES
BAHAGIAN 2
PART 2
Muka surat ini sengaja dibiarkan kosong
This page is deliberately left blank
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1. PENDAHULUAN
Banci ini meliputi pertubuhan berdaftar yang terlibat dalam sektor Pertanian,
Perlombongan dan pengkuarian, Pembuatan, Pembinaan dan Perkhidmatan.
Sumber maklumat utama rangka pertubuhan diperoleh daripada Suruhanjaya
Syarikat Malaysia (SSM). Selain daripada SSM, maklumat rangka banci juga
dikemas kini daripada sumber seperti Lembaga Kemajuan Perindustrian Malaysia
(MIDA), Kementerian Pertanian dan Asas Tani, Lembaga Pembangunan Industri
Pembinaan Malaysia (LPIPM), Jabatan Mineral & Geosains Malaysia (JMG),
Suruhanjaya Tenaga (ST), pelbagai persatuan perniagaan dan perdagangan,
iklan surat khabar dan laman web.
Dalam banci ini, usahawan dalam sektor Pertanian yang berdaftar dengan
Kementerian Pertanian dan Industri Asas Tani atau agensi-agensi kerajaan yang
lain bagi maksud menerima bantuan TIDAK diliputi.
Bagi penerbitan ini, data Perdagangan Edaran yang merangkumi Perdagangan
Borong, Perdagangan Runcit dan Kenderaan Bermotor telah dianggarkan
menggunakan data daripada Banci Perdagangan Edaran (CDT) yang
dilaksanakan pada tahun 2014 bagi tahun rujukan 2013. Anggaran dibuat
dengan menggunakan struktur CDT 2014 dan mengunakan data Penyiasatan
Perdagangan Edaran Bulanan (MDT) 2014. Purata yang diperoleh daripada data
MDT bagi tempoh 2010 hingga 2015 terhadap data Perdagangan Edaran 2008
tersebut.
2. KUASA PERUNDANGAN
Banci Ekonomi 2016 ini dilaksanakan di bawah Akta Perangkaan 1965 (Disemak
1989). Seksyen 5 di bawah akta ini menghendaki mana-mana pertubuhan yang
beroperasi di Malaysia untuk memberikan maklumat sebenar atau anggaran
terbaik kepada Jabatan. Mengikut Akta ini, kandungan soal selidik adalah sulit
dan hanya angka agregat diterbitkan.
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3. KONSEP DAN DEFINISI
Pertubuhan
Pertubuhan ditakrifkan sebagai “satu unit ekonomi yang bergiat di bawah satu hak
milik atau penguasaan tunggal, iaitu di bawah satu entiti yang sah. Ia menjalankan
satu jenis aktiviti ekonomi utama di satu tempat/lokasi fizikal”. Setiap pertubuhan
diberikan klasifikasi industri yang berbeza berdasarkan aktiviti utamanya dan bukannya
mengikut aktiviti syarikat induk.
Tahun banci
Tahun banci merujuk kepada tahun pelaksanaan banci.
Tahun rujukan
Tahun rujukan bagi banci ini ialah tahun takwim 2015. Pertubuhan yang mempunyai
tahun perakaunan yang berbeza bagi tahun takwim diminta menyediakan laporan
mengikut tahun perakaunan yang meliputi sebahagian besar daripada tahun rujukan.
Jenis aktiviti perniagaan
Jenis aktiviti perniagaan merujuk kepada aktiviti utama dan sekunder. Aktiviti utama
merujuk kepada aktiviti yang mana pertubuhan menumpukan sebahagian besar
sumbernya atau memberikan sumbangan besar dari segi pendapatan. Aktiviti
sekunder adalah sampingan atau sokongan kepada aktiviti utama. Klasifikasi industri
pertubuhan dibuat berdasarkan aktivti utama dan mengikut Piawaian Klasifikasi Industri
Malaysia (MSIC) versi 1.0. MSIC 2008 versi 1.0 yang diguna pakai adalah selaras
dengan Piawaian Klasifikasi Industri Antarabangsa bagi semua Aktiviti Ekonomi (ISIC),
Semakan Ke-4, Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu, dengan pengubahsuaian untuk
keperluan tempatan.
Definisi tersebut adalah termasuk aktiviti berikut:
i. Pertanian merangkumi aktiviti penanaman, pemeliharaan dan penternakan
haiwan dan pengeluaran produk haiwan, penebangan kayu balak dan
tanaman lain, serta perikanan tangkapan dan akuakultur termasuk
penggunaan sumber semulajadi tumbuh-tumbuhan dan haiwan.
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ii. Tanaman merujuk penanaman dan pengeluaran produk tanaman. Ia juga
termasuk pertanian organik dan penanaman yang dimodifikasikan secara
genetik. Tanaman juga meliputi penanaman tanaman jangka panjang dan
tanaman jangka pendek, pembiakan tumbuhan dan pertanian campur.
iii. Ternakan ialah binatang-binatang atau unggas yang dipelihara untuk tujuan
komersil, sara diri, pembiakbakaan dan rekreasi. Pengeluaran ternakan
termasuk penternakan (ladang) dan pembiakan semua haiwan, kecuali
haiwan akuatik.
iv. Perhutanan dan pembalakan termasuk pengeluaran kayu balak untuk
industri berasas kayu, meliputi pengestrakan dan pengumpulan produk
hutan bukan kayu yang tumbuh liar. Selain pengeluaran kayu balak,
aktiviti perhutanan yang menghasilkan produk melalui proses minima
seperti kayu api, kayu arang, reja kayu dan kayu balak yang digunakan
dalam bentuk yang belum diproses. Aktiviti ini boleh dijalankan dalam hutan
asli dan ladang hutan. Ia juga termasuk sebahagian daripada aktiviti operasi
perhutanan berdasarkan bayaran atau secara kontrak.
v. Perikanan ialah penangkapan, pemungutan dan pembiakan hidupan laut
daripada lautan, pinggir pantai, perairan pedalaman dan kuala atas dasar
komersil dan untuk kegunaan sendiri, tetapi bukan untuk bersukan.
Akuakultur ialah proses pengeluaran yang melibatkan pengkulturan
(termasuk tuaian) organisma akuatik dengan menggunakan teknik yang
direka bentuk untuk meningkatkan pengeluaran organisma tersebut melebihi
kapasiti persekitaran semulajadinya.
vi. Perlombongan adalah ditakrif sebagai pengestrakan, pembersihan dan
pemanfaatan mineral-mineral semulajadi, berbentuk pepejal seperti arang
batu dan bijih, cecair seperti minyak mentah dan berbentuk gas seperti gas
asli. Perlombongan termasuk lombong bawah tanah dan lombong
permukaan, kuari dan telaga-telaga dan semua kegiatan tambahan untuk
pembersihan dan pemanfaatan bijih dan mineral mentah lain seperti
pemecahan, penapisan, pembasuhan, pembersihan, penggredan,
pengilangan, pengapungan, peleburan, penggentelan, pengkacipan dan
persiapan-persiapan lain yang diperlukan bagi menyediakan bahan-bahan
ini untuk membolehkannya dipasarkan. Aktiviti perlombongan juga
dikelaskan kepada kumpulan-kumpulan berdasarkan mineral utama yang
dikeluarkan.
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vii. Pengkuarian merujuk kepada aktiviti pengekstrakan dari lombong atau kuari
dan pengorekan mendapan lanar (aluvium), pemecahan batu dan
penggunaan garam paya. Produk ini digunakan dengan meluas dalam sektor
pembinaan (cth. pasir, batu, dll.), pembuatan bahan mentah (cth. tanah liat,
gipsum, kalsium, dll.), pembuatan bahan kimia, dll.
Ia termasuk pengkuarian, pemotongan kasar bongkah batu dan batu
bangunan seperti marmar, granit, batu pasir, dll, pengkuarian, pemecahan
dan pemotongan batu kapur, perlombongan gipsum dan anhidrit,
perlombongan kapur dan dolomit, pengekstrakan dan penggorekan pasir
industri, pasir untuk pembinaan dan kerikil, memecah dan menghancur batu
dan kerikil, pengkuarian pasir dan perlombongan tanah liat, refraktori tanah liat
dan kaolin. Ia juga termasuk perlombongan mineral kimia dan baja,
pengekstrakan tanah gambut, pengekstrakan garam, dan dll.
viii. Pembuatan
Perubahan fizikal atau kimia ke atas bahan atau komponen menjadi produk
baru sama ada kerja itu dilakukan oleh jentera yang dijalankan dengan
tangan, sama ada dijalankan dalam kilang atau di rumah pekerja, dan sama
ada barang keluaran dijual secara borong atau runcit.
Subsektor Pembuatan terdiri daripada 24 Bahagian iaitu:
i. Pembuatan produk makanan;
ii. Pembuatan minuman;
iii. Pembuatan produk tembakau;
iv. Pembuatan tekstil;
v. Pembuatan pakaian;
vi. Pembuatan produk kulit dan barangan berkaitan;
vii. Pembuatan kayu dan produk kayu dan gabus, kecuali perabot;
pembuatan bagi artikel jerami dan bahan-bahan anyaman;
viii. Pembuatan kertas dan produk kertas;
ix. Percetakan dan penerbitan semula media rakaman;
x. Pembuatan kok dan produk petroleum bertapis;
xi. Pembuatan kimia dan produk kimia;
xii. Pembuatan produk farmaseutikal asas, kimia perubatan dan botani;
xiii. Pembuatan produk getah dan plastik;
xiv. Pembuatan produk galian bukan logam lain;
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xv. Pembuatan logam asas;
xvi. Pembuatan produk logam, kecuali mesin dan kelengkapan;
xvii. Pembuatan komputer, produk elektronik dan optikal;
xviii. Pembuatan kelengkapan elektrik;
xix. Pembuatan jentera dan peralatan t.t.t.l;
xx. Pembuatan kenderaan bermotor, treler dan semi treler;
xxi. Pembuatan kelengkapan pengangkutan lain;
xxii. Pembuatan perabot;
xxiii. Pembuatan lain; dan
xxiv. Membaiki dan pemasangan jentera dan kelengkapan.
ix. Pembinaan
Pembinaan baru, pengubahsuaian, pembaikan dan perobohan. Pemasangan
sebarang jenis jentera atau peralatan yang dipasang ketika pembinaan asal
adalah diambil kira, demikian juga bagi pemasangan jentera atau peralatan
selepas pembinaan asal tetapi memerlukan perubahan struktur bagi
pemasangannya.
x. Perkhidmatan
Perkhidmatan berkaitan Bekalan elektrik, gas, wap & pendingin udara; Bekalan
air; pembentungan, pengurusan sisa & aktiviti pemulihan; Perdagangan
edaran, Pengangkutan & penyimpanan; Maklumat & telekomunikasi,
Penginapan, Makanan & minuman; Kewangan & insurans; Aktiviti hartanah;
Profesional, saintifik & teknikal; Aktiviti pentadbiran & khidmat sokongan;
Pendidikan; Aktiviti kesihatan kemanusiaan & kerja sosial; Kesenian, hiburan &
rekreasi dan Perkhidmatan persendirian & lain-lain aktiviti.
xi. Bekalan air, pembentungan, pengurusan sisa & aktiviti pemulihan meliputi
aktiviti yang berkaitan dengan pengurusan sisa (termasuk pungutan,
perawatan dan pelupusan) seperti sisa terjadual, sisa pepejal dan air sisa
daripada perindustrian dan isi rumah, termasuk juga pemulihan bahan dan
tapak yang tercemar. Hasil sisa daripada proses perawatan boleh dilupus atau
menjadi input kepada proses pengeluaran yang lain. Aktiviti yang berkaitan
dengan perawatan dan bekalan air juga dimasukkan dalam sektor ini.
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xii. Perdagangan edaran merangkumi perdagangan borong dan runcit, jualan
dan pembaikan kenderaan bermotor & motosikal.
xiii. Pengangkutan & penyimpanan meliputi pertubuhan terlibat dalam
menyediakan perkhidmatan darat, pengangkutan muatan melalui jalan raya,
pengangkutan darat lain, pengangkutan air, penggudangan & aktiviti
sokongan seperti pengoperasian terminal, tempat letak kereta, pengoperasian
lebuh raya, pengoperasian pelabuhan, pengendalian kargo/pemunggahan,
agensi perkapalan & penghantaran serta lain-lain aktiviti sokongan
perkhidmatan pengangkutan.
xiv. Maklumat & Komunikasi terdiri daripada aktiviti penerbitan wayang gambar,
video dan program televisyen, rakaman bunyi dan penerbitan muzik, aktiviti
pemprograman dan penyiaran, perkhidmatan telekomunikasi,
pengaturcaraan komputer, perundingan dan aktiviti yang berkaitan dan
aktiviti perkhidmatan maklumat.
xv. Perkhidmatan penginapan merujuk kepada penyediaan tempat penginapan
jangka pendek berbayar, sama ada dibuka kepada orang awam atau terhad
kepada ahli sebuah pertubuhan tertentu.
xvi. Perkhidmatan makanan & minuman termasuk perkhidmatan makanan dan
minuman yang menyediakan hidangan atau minuman lengkap untuk
penggunaan segera, sama ada di restoran tradisional, restoran layan diri atau
bawa pulang, yang didirikan secara kekal atau sementara, dengan atau tiada
kemudahan tempat duduk.
xvii. Perkhidmatan kewangan adalah meliputi aktiviti perantaraan kewangan; aktiviti
perkhidmatan kewangan lain dan aktiviti sokongan kepada perkhidmatan
kewangan; aktiviti insurans/takaful, insurans/takaful semula dan tabungan
pencen & hemat; dan aktiviti sokongan kepada insurans/takaful dan tabungan
pencen.
xvii. Perkhidmatan hartanah termasuk tindakan seperti pemberi pajak, agen dan/
atau broker di dalam satu atau lebih daripada yang berikut: penjualan atau
pembelian hartanah, penyewaan hartanah, penyediaan perkhidmatan
hartanah lain seperti penilaian hartanah, pengurusan hartanah atau bertindak
sebagai agen hartanah eskrow. Aktiviti dalam bahagian ini mungkin dijalankan
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di atas hartanah milikan sendiri atau pajakan dan mungkin berlaku atas
dasar bayaran atau kontrak. Termasuk juga pembangunan struktur, berserta
mengekalkan hak milik atau pajakan bagi struktur tersebut.
xviii. Perkhidmatan profesional, saintifik & teknikal termasuk aktiviti profesional
khusus, saintifik dan teknikal di mana ianya memerlukan tahap latihan yang
tinggi dan menjadikan pengetahuan dan kemahiran khusus tersedia
kepada pengguna. Aktiviti yang dijalankan termasuk aktiviti guaman dan
perakaunan, aktiviti ibu pejabat, aktiviti perundingan pengurusan, aktiviti
arkitek dan kejuruteraan, ujian dan analisis teknikal, penyelidikan dan
pembangunan saintifik, pengiklanan dan penyelidikan pasaran, profesional
lain, aktiviti saintifik dan teknikal dan veterinar.
xix. Perkhidmatan pentadbiran & khidmat sokongan termasuk pelbagai aktiviti
yang menyokong operasi am perniagaan meliputi aktiviti sewaan dan
pajakan, aktiviti pekerjaan, agensi pengembaraan, operator pelancongan
dan aktiviti perkhidmatan penempahan lain, aktiviti keselamatan dan
penyiasatan, aktiviti perkhidmatan kepada bangunan dan lanskap,
pentadbiran pejabat, aktiviti sokongan pejabat dan perniagaan lain.
xx. Perkhidmatan pendidikan merujuk kepada pertubuhan yang berdaftar
dengan Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia dan Kementerian Pengajian
Tinggi yang menyediakan Perkhidmatan pelajaran akademik, vokasional
dan perdagangan. Termasuk dalam kumpulan ini ialah pra sekolah, sekolah
rendah, sekolah menengah, sekolah teknik dan vokasional serta kolej dan
universiti (termasuk sekolah kejururawatan serta institut perdagangan dan
teknik lain). Juga termasuk ialah pendidikan sukan dan rekreasi, pendidikan
kebudayaan, pusat tuisyen, sekolah memandu yang membekalkan
perkhidmatan pelajaran automobil, sekolah agama, sekolah komputer dan
sekolah atau institusi lain serta perkhidmatan sokongan pendidikan.
xxi. Perkhidmatan kesihatan meliputi perkhidmatan hospital, perkhidmatan
perubatan am dan pakar, perkhidmatan rumah bersalin, perkhidmatan
pergigian, pusat dialisis, makmal perubatan, pusat akupuntur, perkhidmatan
ahli herba dan homeopati serta perkhidmatan kesihatan kemanusiaan lain.
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xxii. Perkhidmatan kesenian, hiburan & rekreasi termasuk pelbagai aktiviti bagi
memenuhi minat orang awam dalam aktiviti kebudayaan, hiburan dan
rekreasi meliputi persembahan secara langsung, operasi muzium, perjudian,
sukan dan aktiviti rekreasi.
xxiii. Perkhidmatan persendirian & lain-lain aktiviti termasuk aktiviti keahlian
organisasi, aktiviti organisasi keahlian perniagaan, majikan dan profesionl,
aktiviti kesatuan buruh, aktiviti keahlian organisasi lain, pembaikan komputer
dan barangan persendirian dan isi rumah dan aktiviti perkhidmatan
persendirian lain terutamanya perkhidmatan seperti basuhan dan cucian
kering tekstil dan produk berbulu; dandanan rambut dan penjagaan
kecantikan lain; dan pengebumian dan akitiviti yang berkaitan serta aktiviti
perkhidmatan lain.
4. UNIT MELAPOR
Unit melapor bagi banci ini ialah pertubuhan. Sesebuah pertubuhan secara ideal
ditakrifkan sebagai “satu unit ekonomi yang bergiat di bawah satu hak milik atau
penguasaan tunggal, iaitu di bawah satu entiti yang sah. Ia menjalankan satu
jenis subsektor ekonomi utama di satu tempat/lokasi fizikal”. Setiap pertubuhan
diberikan klasifikasi industri berdasarkan aktiviti utamanya dan bukannya
mengikut aktiviti syarikat induk.
Setiap cawangan daripada organisasi yang mempunyai beberapa cawangan di
lokasi yang berbeza dari segi konsep dianggap sebagai pertubuhan yang
berlainan. Pertubuhan berkenaan diminta memberikan penyata yang berasingan
bagi setiap kegiatannya dari segi nilai. Walau bagaimanapun, dari segi praktis
akaun biasanya disediakan secara berpusat kerana kesukaran untuk
memperoleh data yang berasingan bagi setiap unit atau cawangan. Entiti atau
„enterprise‟ ini akan dianggap sebagai satu unit pelapor dan dibenarkan
mengemukakan soal selidik yang menggabungkan semua unit atau
cawangannya.
5. TARAF SAH
Taraf sah sesebuah pertubuhan ditakrifkan seperti berikut:
i) Hak milik perseorangan
Ia merujuk kepada perniagaan yang dimiliki oleh orang perseorangan dan
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dijalankan semata-mata untuk mendapatkan keuntungan. Pemilik mempunyai
hak mutlak untuk mengendalikan urusan pertubuhannya;
ii) Perkongsian
Merujuk kepada sekumpulan individu yang telah bersetuju untuk mengikat
kontrak dan menjalankan perniagaan dengan matlamat untuk mendapat
keuntungan. Perniagaan tersebut diuruskan oleh semua atau salah seorang
daripada mereka yang bertindak mewakili semua pihak. Perkongsian
perniagaan ini hendaklah mengandungi sekurang-kurangnya dua orang ahli
dan tidak melebihi had maksimum dua puluh orang;
iii) Perkongsian liabiliti terhad
Merujuk kepada perniagaan entiti yang dikawal selia di bawah Akta Perkongsian
Liabiliti Terhad 2012. Ia memberi perlindungan liabiliti terhad kepada rakan-rakan
kongsinya sama seperti liabiliti terhad yang dinikmati oleh pemegang saham
sesebuah syarikat. Ia juga memberi fleksibiliti peraturan perniagaan dalaman
melalui pengaturan perkongsian yang serupa dengan sesebuah perkongsian
konvensional;
iv) Syarikat sendirian berhad
Merupakan syarikat persendirian yang ditubuhkan bagi tujuan menjalankan
perniagaan dengan matlamat untuk mencari keuntungan. Saham dipegang
secara tertutup oleh pemegang-pemegang saham yang mempunyai kawalan
terhadap operasi syarikat;
Ciri - ciri:
i. Dikawal di bawah Akta Syarikat 1965 dan merupakan entiti yang sah terpisah
daripada pemilik;
ii. Dimiliki oleh 2 - 50 orang pemegang saham;
iii. Pemilik syarikat mempunyai liabiliti terhad;
iv. Pemegang saham yang memiliki 51 peratus atau lebih daripada jumlah
saham syarikat berhak untuk mengawal syarikat tersebut. Saham syarikat
boleh dijual beli tetapi tidak dilakukan di pasaran terbuka;
v. Penjualan saham mesti dengan persetujuan pemegang saham yang lain
vi. Tidak disenaraikan di Bursa; dan
vii. Jangka hayat perniagaan adalah panjang dan boleh dikenali perkataan
Sendirian Berhad (Sdn. Bhd.) pada akhir nama syarikat.
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v) Syarikat awam berhad
Syarikat awam berhad merupakan perniagaan yang ditubuhkan dengan
tanggungan berhad, oleh sekurang-kurangnya dua orang untuk menjalankan
perniagaan dengan tujuan untuk mencari keuntungan. Saham syarikat awam
berhad ini dipegang secara terbuka dan bagi sesebuah syarikat yang disenaraikan
di Bursa Malaysia, sahamnya boleh bertukar milik secara bebas;
Ciri - ciri:
i. Dikawal di bawah Akta Syarikat 1965 dan merupakan entiti yang sah terpisah
daripada pemilik;
ii. Dimiliki oleh pemegang pemegang saham dan tiada had bagi pemilik saham
berkenaan;
iii. Pengurusan dan kawalan syarikat adalah di bawah tanggungjawab Lembaga
Pengarah yang dilantik oleh pemegang saham; dan
iv. Disenaraikan di Bursa Malaysia.
vi. Syarikat koperasi
Koperasi adalah organisasi yang ditubuhkan untuk faedah bersama ahli dan
didaftarkan di bawah Akta Koperasi 1993. Kumpulan wang yang ada adalah milik
bersama untuk memenuhi keperluan ahli-ahlinya;
vii. Perbadanan awam
Ia merujuk kepada sebuah perbadanan yang ditubuhkan di bawah Akta Khas
Parlimen atau Dewan Perundangan Negeri; dan
Viii. Pertubuhan persendirian tidak mencari keuntungan
Ia merujuk kepada syarikat tanpa saham yang ditubuhkan dengan tanggungan
berhad. Kebanyakan syarikat ini terdiri daripada pertubuhan kebajikan,
keagamaan, pendidikan, kesihatan, kebudayaan, rekreasi dan pertubuhan yang
memberikan perkhidmatan sosial dan kemasyarakatan kepada isi rumah.
Perkhidmatan diberikan secara percuma atau pada harga yang tidak melebihi
kos perkhidmatan (subsidi). Sebarang keuntungan yang diperoleh dilabur semula
ke dalam pertubuhan berkenaan.
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6. PERTUBUHAN MILIKAN WANITA
Merujuk kepada pertubuhan sekurang-kurangnya 51 peratus pemilikan ekuiti dipegang
oleh wanita ATAU pemegang saham terbesar adalah wanita dan pertubuhan
diuruskan oleh wanita ATAU Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif atau Pengarah Urusan adalah
wanita yang memiliki sekurang-kurangnya 10 peratus ekuiti.
7. STRUKTUR HAK MILIK
Hak milik sesebuah pertubuhan dikelaskan mengikut taraf residen pemilik/
pemilik-pemilik modal berbayar terbesar (melebihi 50%) dan bukannya mengikut
taraf kewarganegaraan mereka. Dalam kes di mana setiap pihak (Residen
Malaysia dan Bukan Residen Malaysia) memegang bilangan saham yang sama
banyak dalam perniagaan berkenaan, maka pertubuhan tersebut telah
dikelaskan di bawah „Hak Milik Bersama‟.
Residen Malaysia ialah individu, enterpris atau organisasi lain yang lazimnya
terletak di Malaysia untuk jangka masa sekurang-kurangnya satu tahun.
Cawangan dan anak syarikat asing yang didaftarkan dan perbadankan di
Malaysia adalah dianggap sebagai residen Malaysia.
Bukan residen Malaysia ialah individu, enterpris atau organisasi lain yang lazimnya
terletak di negara lain selain Malaysia. Cawangan dan anak syarikat milik
residen Malaysia di luar negara dianggap sebagai bukan residen Malaysia.
8. PENDAPATAN
Pendapatan merujuk kepada penerimaan yang diterima atau pendapatan yang
diperoleh daripada perkhidmatan yang diberikan dan lain-lain transaksi yang
dibuat semasa tahun rujukan. Ia terdiri daripada pendapatan operasi dan bukan
operasi. Ia hanya berasaskan kepada Penyata Kira-Kira Perdagangan dan Untung
Rugi bagi tahun rujukan tersebut.
9. PERBELANJAAN
Perbelanjaan merujuk kepada amaun yang perlu dibayar oleh pertubuhan bagi
pembelian barangan dan perkhidmatan semasa tahun rujukan kecuali
perbelanjaan modal. Ia terdiri daripada perbelanjaan operasi dan bukan operasi.
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10. NILAI OUTPUT KASAR
Nilai output kasar perkhidmatan ditakrifkan dengan memasukkan perkara berikut:
11. NILAI OUTPUT KASAR
Nilai input perantaraan perkhidmatan ditakrifkan dengan memasukkan unsur
berikut:
12. NILAI DITAMBAH
Nilai ditambah adalah tambahan kepada nilai barangan dan perkhidmatan yang
dikeluarkan oleh sesebuah pertubuhan. Nilai ditambah diperoleh daripada
perbezaan antara nilai output kasar dengan nilai input perantaraan.
Pendapatan daripada perkhidmatan yang diberikan
+ Nilai jualan barangan yang dibeli untuk dijual semula
+ Perkhidmatan pengurusan
+ Komisen dan pembrokeran yang diterima
+ Yuran yang diterima daripada keahlian
+ Pendapatan daripada sewa yang diterima kecuali tanah
+ Pendapatan operasi lain
- Nilai barang yang dibeli untuk dijual semula dalam keadaan sama seperti dibeli
+ Stok akhir
- Stok awal
+ Perbelanjaan penyelidikan dan pembangunan (dalaman)
Pembelian barangan, bahan dan perkhidmatan
+ Premium insurans
+ Royalti dan paten
+ Caj bank
+ Pembelian elektrik dan air
+ Pembelian bahan pembakar, pelincir dan gas
+ Perbelanjaan pematuhan alam sekitar
+ Perbelanjaan operasi lain
+ CBP pada pembelian bersih yang tidak boleh dituntut sebagai cukai input
+ Bayaran kepada pertubuhan lain yang membekalkan pekerja
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13. BILANGAN PEKERJA
Bilangan pekerja merujuk kepada bilangan orang yang bekerja pada bulan
Disember atau pada tempoh pembayaran gaji terakhir bagi tahun rujukan.
Bilangan orang yang bekerja dikategorikan seperti berikut:
i. Pemilik yang bekerja dan rakan niaga yang aktif
Kategori ini merujuk kepada semua pemilik perseorangan dan rakan niaga,
sambilan atau sepenuh masa, yang bekerja dengan aktif dalam sesebuah
pertubuhan itu. Justeru, ia tidak termasuk rakan niaga yang tidak aktif;
ii. Pekerja keluarga tidak bergaji
Kategori ini meliputi semua ahli isi rumah kepada pemilik pertubuhan yang
melaksanakan kerja tertentu (sepenuh masa atau sambilan) dan bekerja sekurang
-kurangnya satu pertiga daripada waktu bekerja biasa yang diamalkan oleh
pertubuhan berkenaan tanpa mendapat bayaran secara tetap, sama ada
dalam bentuk wang tunai atau harta benda bagi kerja yang dilakukan. Biasanya
pekerja berkenaan mendapat makanan, tempat tinggal dan bantuan lain
sebagai sebahagian daripada ahli isi rumah pemilik tersebut dan terus
mendapatnya sama ada ia bekerja atau tidak di dalam pertubuhan itu;
iii. Pekerja bergaji (sepenuh masa)
Ia merujuk kepada semua pekerja bergaji yang bekerja sekurang-kurangnya
enam jam sehari dan sekurang-kurangnya 20 hari sebulan; dan
iv. Pekerja bergaji (sambilan)
Ia merujuk kepada semua pekerja bergaji yang bekerja kurang daripada enam
jam sehari dan/atau kurang daripada 20 hari sebulan.
14. KATEGORI KEMAHIRAN
Kategori pekerjaan telah dikelaskan berdasarkan Piawaian Pengkelasan
Pekerjaan Malaysia (MASCO) 2013 adalah seperti berikut:
Pekerja mahir
Pengurus, profesional, penyelidik serta juruteknik dan profesional bersekutu;
Pekerja separuh mahir
Pekerja sokongan perkeranian, perkhidmatan & jualan, kemahiran & pertukangan
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yang berkaitan serta operator mesin, loji dan pemasang; dan
Pekerja berkemahiran rendah
Pekerjaan asas.
15. NILAI HARTA TETAP
Harta tetap meliputi semua barangan, baru atau terpakai, aset ketara atau aset
tidak ketara yang digunakan secara berulang atau berterusan yang mempunyai
hayat produktif lebih daripada setahun. Ia termasuk tanah, bangunan dan
struktur, alat pengangkutan, komputer dan „peripheral equipment‟, mesin,
peralatan serta perabot dan pemasangan lain. Nilai harta tetap awal dan akhir
bagi tahun rujukan 2015 adalah berasaskan nilai buku bersih. Pembelian, pindaan
dan pembaikan besar atau perbelanjaan modal pada tahun berkenaan dikira
pada nilai kos sebenar yang dibayar. Nilai harta tetap yang dijual dalam tahun
semasa juga dikira pada nilai sebenar.
16. DEFINISI E-DAGANG (BERDASARKAN OECD, 2015)
Transaksi e-Dagang adalah penjualan atau pembelian bagi barangan atau
perkhidmatan, melalui rangkaian komputer yang telah direka untuk tujuan
berkenaan. Transaksi e-Dagang boleh berlaku di antara enterpris, isi rumah,
individu, kerajaan dan organisasi awam atau swasta yang lain.
Barangan atau perkhidmatan yang telah dipesan melalui kaedah e-Dagang,
namun pembayaran atau penerimaan barangan atau perkhidmatan
berkenaan boleh diterima sama ada melalui online atau offline (contoh e-mel).
Transaksi e-Dagang termasuk pesanan yang dibuat dilaman web, extranet atau
Pertukaran Data Elektronik (PDE). Walau bagaimanapun, transaksi yang dibuat
melalui panggilan telefon, faksmili, emel (emel yang ditaip manual) dan
seumpamanya tidak dikategorikan sebagai urusniaga e-Dagang.
17. DEFINISI TEKNOLOGI MAKLUMAT (BERDASARKAN OECD, 2015)
i. Intranet
Merujuk kepada rangkaian komunikasi dalaman menggunakan protokol
internet dan membolehkan komunikasi dalam organisasi.
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ii. Extranet
Merujuk kepada rangkaian tertutup yang menggunakan protokol internet
dengan selamat dalam perkongsian maklumat perniagaan dengan
pembekal, vendor, pelanggan atau rakan kongsi perniagaan lain. Ia juga
boleh menjadi sebahagian daripada laman web peribadi perniagaan, yang
mana rakan perniagaan boleh melayari selepas disahkan dalam halaman log
masuk.
iii. Rangkaian Kawalan Setempat (LAN)
Rangkaian yang menghubungkan komputer dan peranti yang berkaitan di
dalam kawasan setempat seperti bangunan persendirian, jabatan atau
tapak; ia juga mungkin tanpa wayar.
iv. Rangkaian Kawalan Luas (WAN)
Rangkaian yang menghubungkan komputer dan peranti yang berkaitan di
dalam kawasan geografi yang luas, seperti rantau atau negara.
18. DEFINISI PKS
Definisi PKS yang digunakan dalam laporan ini menggunakan definisi dari Majlis
PKS Kebangsaan tahun 2014 berdasarkan kepada dua kriteria iaitu pekerja
sepenuh masa ATAU hasil tahunan.
Sesuatu pertubuhan diklasifikasikan sebagai PKS jika ianya memenuhi salah satu
kriteria tersebut. Jadual di bawah merumuskan definisi PKS untuk setiap sektor.
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19. PEMBUNDARAN
Penjumlahan komponen mungkin berbeza dengan angka jumlah kecil atau besar
disebabkan pembundaran.
20. SIMBOL DAN SINGKATAN
- : tiada
& : dan
/ : atau
% : peratus
> : lebih daripada
< : kurang daripada
} : digabungkan
RM : Ringgit Malaysia
W.P. : Wilayah Persekutuan
B2B : Perniagaan ke Perniagaan
B2C : Perniagaan kepada Pengguna
B2G : Perniagaan kepada Kerajaan
dll. : dan lain-lain
spt. : seperti
t.t.t.l. : tidak terkelas di tempat lain
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1. INTRODUCTION
This census covered all registered establishments engaged in the Agriculture,
Mining & quarrying, Manufacturing, Construction and Services sectors. The main
source for the frame was the Companies Commission of Malaysia (SSM). Other
than SSM, other sources such as the Malaysian Industrial Development Authority
(MIDA), Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry, Construction Industry
Development Broad, Malaysia (CIDB), Department of Minerals & Geosciences,
Malaysia (JMG), Energy Commission, various businesses and trade associations,
newspaper advertisements and websites were used to update the frame of this
cencus.
In this census, entrepreneurs in the Agriculture sector which were registered with
Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry or other government agencies for
the purpose of receiving aid were NOT covered.
For this publication, data on Distributive Trade which encompassed Wholesale
Trade, Retail Trade and Motor Vehicles have been estimated using data from the
Census of Distributive Trade undertaken in 2014 for reference year 2013.
Estimation was made using Distributive Trade structured and Monthly Distributive
Trade Survey data, 2010 to 2015.
2. LEGAL AUTHORITY
Economic Census 2016 was conducted under the provisions of the Statistics Act,
1965 (Revised-1989). Section 5 of this Act requires all establishments operating in
Malaysia to provide actual information or best estimates to the Department. The
Act stipulates that the contents of individual returns are confidential and only
aggregated figures are published.
3. CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
Establishment
An establishment is defined as “an economic unit engaged under a single
ownership or control which is a single legal entity. It runs one type of major
economic activity operating in a single place physical location”. Each
establishment was assigned an industry classification based on its principal
activity and not to that of its parent company.
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Census year
Census year refers to the year in which a census was conducted.
Reference year
The reference period of the census was the calendar year 2015. Establishments whose
accounting year were different from the calendar year were asked to report according
to the accounting year covering the major part of the reference year.
Type of business activities
Types of business activity refer to principal and secondary activities. The principal activity
refers to the activity to which the establishment devoted most of its resources or activity
which contributes the largest income. Secondary activities are those incidental or
ancillary to the principal activity. The classification of the industry of the establishment is
based on the principal activity and is in accordance to the Malaysian Standard Industrial
Classification (MSIC) 2008 version 1.0. MSIC 2008 version 1.0 conforms to the latest
International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), Revision 4,
United Nations, with modifications to suit local conditions.
The definitions include the following activities:
i. Agriculture comprising the activities of growing crops, raising and breeding of
animals and production of animal products, harvesting of timber and other plants,
as well as capture fishery and aquaculture and includes the exploitation vegetal
and animals natural resources.
ii. Crops activities refer to the growing and production of crops. It also included
organic agriculture and the growing of genetically modified crops. Crops also
include growing of non-perennial and perennial crops, plant propagation and
mixed farming.
iii. Livestock is animals or bird that preserved for commercial purpose, personal
maintenance, breeding and recreation. Livestock production includes raising
(farming) and breeding of all animals, except aquatic animal.
iv. Forestry and logging includes the production of round wood for the forest-based
manufacturing industries as well as the extraction and gathering of wild growing
non-wood forest product. Besides the production of timber, forestry activities result
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in products that undergo little processing, such as fire wood, charcoal, wood chips
and round wood used in unprocessed form (e.g. pit-props, pulpwood, etc.). These
activities can be carried out in natural or planted forests. This also includes
carrying out part of the forestry operation on a fee or contract basis.
v. Fisheries refers to catching fish, marine life collection and breeding of ocean,
seashore, interior and estuary waters on a commercial basis and for own
consumption, but not for sports. Aquaculture refer to the production process
involving the culturing or farming (including harvesting) of aquatic organisms using
techniques designed to increase the production of the organisms in question
beyond the natural capacity of the environment.
vi. Mining is defined as the extraction, dressing and beneficiating of minerals
occurring naturally as solids, such as coal and ores; liquids, such as crude oil; and
gases, such as natural gas. Mining also includes underground and surface mines,
quarries and wells and all supplemental activities for dressing and beneficiating
ores and other crude minerals such as crushing, screening, washing, cleaning,
grading, milling, flotation, melting, pelleting, topping and other preparations
needed to render the material marketable. Mining activities are classified into
groups on the basis of the principal mineral produced.
vii. Quarrying refers to activity of extraction from a mine or quarry, but also dredging
of alluvial deposits, rock crushing and the use of salt marshes. The products are
used most notably in construction (e.g. sands, stones, etc.), manufacture of
materials (e.g. clay, gypsum, calcium, etc.), manufacture of chemicals, etc.
It includes quarrying, rough trimming and sawing of monumental and building
stone such as marble, granite, sandstones, etc., quarrying, crushing and breaking
of limestone, mining of gypsum and anhydrite, mining of chalk and unclaimed
dolomite, extraction and dredging of industrial sand, sand for construction and
gravel, breaking and crushing of stone and gravel, quarrying of sand and mining
of clays, refractory clays and kaolin. It also includes mining of chemical and
fertilizer minerals, extraction of peat, extraction of salt, etc.
viii. Manufacturing
The physical or chemical transformation of materials or components into new
products, whether the work is performed by power-driven machines or by hand,
whether it is done in a factory or in the worker‟s home, and whether the
products are sold at wholesale or retail.
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The Manufacturing sub-sector consists of 24 Divisions namely:
i. Manufacture of food products;
ii. Manufacture of beverages;
iii. Manufacture of tobacco products;
iv. Manufacture of textiles;
v. Manufacture of wearing apparel;
vi. Manufacture of leather and related products;
vii. Manufacture of wood and products of wood and cork, except furniture;
manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting materials;
viii. Manufacture of paper and paper products;
ix. Printing and reproduction of recorded media;
x. Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products;
xi. Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products;
xii. Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical
preparations;
xiii. Manufacture of rubber and plastics products;
xiv. Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products;
xv. Manufacture of basic metals;
xvi. Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and
equipment;
xvii. Manufacture of computer, electronics and optical products
xviii. Manufacture of electrical equipment;
xix. Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c.;
xx. Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers;
xxi. Manufacture of other transport equipment;
xxii. Manufacture of furniture;
xxiii. Other manufacturing; and
xxiv. Repair and installation of machinery and equipment.
ix. Construction
New construction is defined as a alteration, repair and demolition. Installation
of any machinery or equipment which is built-in at the time of the original
construction is included, as well as installation of machinery or equipment after
the original construction but which requires structural alteration in order to
install.
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x. Services
Services related to Electricity, gas, steam & air conditioning supply; Water
supply, sewerage, waste management & remediation activities, Wholesale &
retail trade, Transportation & storage, Information & communication,
Accommodation, Food & beverage, Financial & insurance, Real estate,
Professional, scientific & technical, Administrative & support services, Education,
Health and social work, Art, entertainment & recreation, Personal services &
other activities;
xi. Water supply, sewerage, waste management & remediation activities
comprised of activities related to waste management includes collection,
treatment and disposal such as scheduled waste, solid waste and waste water
from industrial and household, including recovery materials and contaminated
sites. The waste from the treatment process can be disposed off or used as
input for other production process. Related activities in water treatment and
supply are also included in this sector.
xii. Distributive trade encompass of wholesale and retail trades, sales and repair of
motor vehicles & motorcycles.
xiii. Transportation & storage covers all establishment which provides land transport,
freight transport by road, other land transport, water transport, warehousing &
supporting activities such as terminal operations, car parking services, highway
operations, port operations, cargo handling/stevedoring, shipping agencies &
forwarding of freight and other supporting activities for transportation.
xiv. Information & communication comprised of motion picture, video and
television program production, sound recording and music publishing activities,
programming and broadcasting activities, telecommunication services,
computer programming, consultancy and related activities and information
services activities.
xv. Accommodation refers to the provision on a fee of short-term lodging, whether
open to the general public or restricted to members of a particular
organization.
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xvi. Food & beverage services includes food and beverage serving activities
providing complete meals or drinks fit for immediate consumption, whether in
traditional restaurants, self-service or take-away restaurants, whether as
permanent or temporary stands with or without seating.
xvii. Financial & insurance activities includes monetary intermediation activities;
other financial service activities and activities auxiliary to financial services;
insurance/takaful, reinsurance/ retakaful and pension & provident funding
activities; and activities auxiliary to insurance/ takaful and pension funding.
xviii. Real estate services includes acting as lessors, agents and/or brokers in one or
more of the following: selling or buying real estate, renting real estate,
providing other real estate services such as appraising real estate, property
management or acting as real estate escrow agents. Activities in this division
may be carried out on own or leased property and may be done on a fee or
contract basis. Also included is the building of structures, combined with
maintaining ownership of leasing of such structures.
xix. Professional, scientific & technical includes specialised professional, scientific
and technical activities which require a high degree of training, and
specialised knowledge and skills available to users. Activities performed
includes legal and accounting activities, activities of head offices,
management consultancy activities, architecture and engineering activities,
technical testing and analysis, scientific research and development,
advertising and market research, other professional, scientific and technical
activities, veterinary activities.
xx. Administrative & support services includes a variety of activities that support
general business operations including rental and leasing activities, employment
activities, travel agency, tour operator and other reservation service activities,
security and investigation activities, services to building and landscape
activities, office administrative, office support and other business support
activities.
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xxi. Private educational services refer to establishments registered with the Ministry
of Education, Malaysia and the Ministry of Higher Education that provides
academic, vocational and commercial educational services. Included in this
group are pre primary, primary schools, secondary schools, technical and
vocational secondary schools, private university and colleges (including
schools of nursing, commercial and other technical institute). Also included
are sports and recreation education, cultural education, tuition centers, driving
schools which provide automobile educational services, religious instruction,
computer training, other schools or other institutions as well as other
educational supportive services.
xxii. Human health & social work activities includes hospital services, general and
specialized medical services, maternity home services, dental services, dialysis
centers, medical laboratories, acupuncture centers, herbalist and
homeopathy services and other human health services.
xxiii. Arts, entertainment & recreation services includes a wide range of activities to
meet varied cultural, entertainment and recreational interests of the general
public, including live performances, operation of museum sites, gambling, sport
and recreation activities.
xxiv. Personal services & other activities includes activities of membership
organisations, activities of business, employers and professional membership
organisations, activities of trade unions, activities of others membership
organisations, repair of computers and personal and household goods and
others personal services activities such as washing and dry-cleaning of textiles
and fur products; hairdressing and other beauty treatment and funeral and
other services activities.
4. REPORTING UNIT
The reporting unit used in the survey was establishment. An establishment is defined
as “an economic unit that engaged in one activity, under a single legal entity and
operating in a single physical location”. Each establishment was assigned an industry
classification based on its principal activity.
Each branch of a multi-branch organisation at a different location was conceptually
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treated as a different establishment. The establishment was requested to give
separate returns for each activity in terms of value. However, if in practice, the
accounts were centrally kept such that it was not possible to obtain separate data
for each individual unit or branch, that entity or enterprise was treated as a single
reporting unit and allowed to submit a consolidated questionnaire covering all units
or branches.
5. LEGAL STATUS
The legal status of an establishment is defined as follows:
i) Individual proprietorship
This refers to a business, owned and operated by one person for profit. The owner has
the exclusive right to control the operations of the establishment;
ii) Partnership
This refers to a group of individuals who agree to contract and to carry on a business
with the objective of making a profit. The business is managed by all or any one
acting for all parties. A trading partnership must comprise at least two members and
should not exceed a maximum of twenty members;
iii) Limited liabilities partnership
Refers to business entity regulated under the Limited Liability Partnerships Act 2012. It
is featured with the protection of limited liability to its partners similar to the limited
liability enjoyed by shareholders of a company coupled with flexibility of internal
business regulation through partnership arrangement similar to a conventional
partnership; and
iv) Private limited company
A private company established to undertake a business with the objective of making
a profit. The shares are closely held by the shareholders of the company who have
control over its operation.
Characteristics:
i. Regulated under the Companies Act 1965 and is a legal entity separate from
the owners;
ii. Number of its shareholders between 2 - 50 members;
iii. Company owners have limited liability;
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iv. Shareholders who own 51 per cent or more of the total shares shall be entitled to
manage the company. The company's shares can be traded but not in the open
market;
v. Trading of share must be with the consent of the other shareholders;
vi. Not listed on the Stock Exchange; and
vii. Business life expectancy is longer and can be identified by the words "Sendirian
Berhad" (Sdn. Bhd.) at the end of the company name.
v) Public limited company
A public limited company is a company established with limited liability, by a
minimum of two persons to operate the business with the objective of making a profit.
The shares in a public limited company are openly held and in the case of company
listed on the Bursa Malaysia, the shares are freely transferable.
Characteristics:
i. Shareholders who own 51 per cent or more of the total shares shall be entitled to
ii. Regulated under the Companies Act 1965 and is a legal entity separate from the
owner;
iii. Owned by the shareholders and there is no limit to the shareholder;
iv. Management of the company is under the board of director responsibilities as
appointed by shareholders; and
v. Listed on Bursa Malaysia.
vi) Co-operative
This refers to a voluntary association with unrestricted number of members and regis-
tered under the Co-operatives Act 1993. Funds are collectively owned to meet the
needs of the members.
vii) Public corporation
This refers to a corporation set up under a Special Act of Parliament or by the State
Legislature.
viii) Private non-profit making organisation
This is non-stock company set up with limited liability. It comprises mainly welfare,
religious, educational, health, cultural, recreational and other organisations providing
social and community services to households. These services are provided free of
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charge or at prices, which do not necessarily or fully cover the cost of providing such
services (subsidy). Any profit made is reinvested in the organisation.
6. WOMEN-OWNES ESTABLISHMENTS
Refers to a minimum of 51 per cent of the equity held by a woman or women OR the
biggest shareholders are women and the establishment is managed by a woman OR the
Chief Executive Officer or Managing Director is a woman that owns at least 10 per cent
of the equity.
7. OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE
The ownership of an establishment is classified by the residential status of the owners
of the majority (more than 50%) of the paid-up capital and not by their citizenship
status. In instances where each party (Malaysian Resident and Non-Malaysian
Resident) held equal shares in the business, the establishments were classified as „Joint
Ownership‟.
A Malaysian resident is any individual, enterprise or other organisation ordinarily
domiciled in Malaysia for a period of at least one year. Malaysian registered
branches and incorporated subsidiaries of foreign enterprises are regarded as
Malaysian residents.
A non-Malaysian resident is any individual, enterprise or other organization ordinarily
domiciled in a country other than Malaysia. Foreign branches and/or subsidiaries of
Malaysian companies are regarded as non-Malaysian residents.
8. INCOME
Income refers to income received from services that was given and others
transactions during the reference year. It includes operational and non-operational
income. It should based on Income Statement and Profit & Loss Account during the
reference year.
9. EXPENDITURE
Expenditure refers to amount that establishments have to pay for purchase of
goods and services during the reference year excluding capital expenditure. It
includes operational and non-operational expenses.
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10. VALUE OF GROSS OUTPUT
The value of gross output of services is defined to include the following items:
11. VALUE OF INTERMEDIATE INTPUT
Value of intermediate input of services is defined to include the following items:
12. VALUE ADDED
Value added is the increment to the value of commodities and services contributed
by the establishment. This value added is derived as the difference between the
value of gross output and intermediate input.
13. NUMBER OF PERSONS ENGAGED
Employment covers all persons engaged during December or the last pay period of
the reference year. The number of persons engaged was classified under the
following categories:
i. Working proprietors and active business partners
This category refers to all individual proprietors and partners, part-time or full time, who
are actively engaged in the work of the establishment. It therefore, excludes silent
and inactive partners;
Income from services rendered
+ Value of goods sold in the same condition as purchased
+ Management services
+ Commision and brokerage earned
+ Fees earned from membership
+ Rental income received except land rental
+ Other operating income
+ Value of goods purchased for resale in the same condition
- Closing stocks
+ Opening stocks
- Research and development expenditure (in house)
Purchase of goods, materials and services
+ Insurance premiums
+ Royalty and patent fees
+ Bank charges
+ Purchase of electricity and water
+ Purchase of fuels, lubricants and gas
+ Environmental compliance expenditure
+ Other operating expenditure
+ GST on net purchases are non claimable as input tax
+ Payment to other establishment for providing workers.
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ii. Unpaid family workers
This is defined as all persons (full-time or part-time) in the household of any of the
owners of the establishment who perform a specified job and work for a minimum of
one third of the normal working time for the establishment, but do not receive regular
payment either in cash or in kind for the work done. Such workers generally receive
food, shelter and other support as part of the household of an owner but this would
continue whether they worked in the establishment or not;
iii. Paid full-time employees
This is defined as all paid workers who work for at least 6 hours a day and at least 20
days a month; and
iv. Paid part-time employees
This is defined as all paid workers who work for less than 6 hours a day and/or less than
20 days a month.
14. CATEGORY OF SKILLS
Job category has also been categorised according to Malaysia Standard
Classification of Occupations 2013 (MASCO) as follows:
Skilled workers
Managers and professionals, researcher, technician and associate professionals;
Semi-skilled workers
Clerical support, service and sales, craft and related trades workers, and plant and
machine operators and assemblers; and
Low-skilled workers
Elementary occupations.
15. VALUE OF FIXED ASSETS
Fixed assets cover all goods, new or used, tangible or intangible and used repeatedly
or continuously that have a normal economic life span of more than one year. This
included land, buildings and structure, transport equipment, computer and
peripheral equipment, other machinery, equipment and furniture and fittings. Value
of fixed assets as at the beginning and end of 2015 was based on net book value.
Purchases, alterations and major repairs or capital expenditure during the year were
valued at actual costs incurred. Value of fixed assets sold during the year refers to the
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realised value.
16. e-COMMERCE DEFINITIONS (BASED ON OECD 2015)
e-Commerce transaction is the sale or purchase of goods or services, conducted
over computer network that have been designed for this purpose. e-Commerce
transactions can occur between enterprises, households, individuals, governments
and public or private organisation to another.
Goods or services that have been ordered through e-Commerce methods, but the
payment or receipt of goods or services can be received either through online or
offline (e.g. email)
e-Commerce transaction, includes orders placed on websites, extranet or Electronic
Data Interchange (EDI). Nevertheless, order made by telephone calls, facsimile,
e-mail (mail that is typed manually) and the similar transactions are not categorised
as e-Commerce transactions.
17. ICT DEFINITION (BASED ON OECD 2015)
i. Intranet
Refers to the internal communications network using Internet protocols and
allowing communication within the organisation.
ii. Extranet
Refers to a closed network that uses Internet protocols to secure the sharing of
business information with suppliers, vendors, customers or other business
partners. It also can be part of a personal website business, where business
partners can navigate after being confirmed in the login page.
iii. Local Area Network (LAN)
A network connecting computers and associated devices within a localised
area such as a single building, department or site; it may be wireless.
iv. Wide Area Network (WAN)
A network that connects computers and associated devices within a wide
geographic area, such as a region or country.
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18. DEFINITION OF SMEs
The definition of SMEs used in this report follows the definition by the National SME
Development Council 2014 based on two criteria, namely full-time employees OR
annual turnover .
An establishment will be classified as an SMEs if meets either one of the criteria. The
table below summarise the SME definition for each specific sector.
19. ROUNDING
The sum of the component figures may not tally with the subtotal or total figures due
to rounding.
Sector Manufacturing Agricultural; Mining and Quarrying;
Construction and Services
Size Full-time employees
Micro Less than 5 employees Less than 5 employees
Small From 5 and less than 75 employees From 5 and less than 30 employees
Medium From 75 and 200 employees From 30 and 75 employees
Size Annual turnover
Micro Less than RM300,000 Less than RM300,000
Small From RM300,000 and less than
RM15 million
From RM300,000 and less than
RM3 million
Medium From RM15 million and RM50
million
From RM3 million and RM20 million
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20. SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
- : nil
& : and
/ : or
% : percent
> : more than
< : less than
} : combined
RM : Ringgit Malaysia
W.P. : Federal Territory
B2B : Business to Business
B2C : Business to Consumers
B2G : Business to Government
e.g. : for example
etc. : et cetera
i.e. : that is
n.e.c. : not elsewhere classified
46
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KONSEP ASAS STATISTIK BASIC CONCEPT OF STATISTICS
BAHAGIAN 3
SECTION 3
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1. PENGENALAN
i. Statistik
Statistik merupakan satu cabang matematik yang menggunakan kaedah saintifik
dalam mengumpul, menyusun, mempersembah dan menganalisis data bagi
membantu dalam membuat keputusan yang lebih efektif.
ii. Populasi dan Sampel
Populasi, ditandakan sebagai N, adalah sekumpulan elemen yang kita ingin
membuat kesimpulan terhadapnya. Sampel, ditandakan sebagai n, adalah
subset elemen yang terpilih daripada populasi.
2. STATISTIK DESKRIPTIF DAN INFERENS
Statistik deskriptif adalah kaedah dalam menyusun, meringkaskan dan
mempersembahkan data menggunakan angka dan graf bagi menggambarkan
dapatan.
Statistik inferens adalah kaedah dalam membuat keputusan atau kesimpulan
mengenai sesuatu populasi berdasarkan kajian atau pemerhatian terhadap sampel.
3. JENIS DATA
i. Variabel Kuantitatif
Variabel kuantitatif ialah data bernombor bagi menyatakan jumlah atau kuantiti.
Kuantiti boleh dikelaskan sebagai diskret atau selanjar.
ii. Variabel Diskrit dan Selanjar
Variabel diskrit adalah nombor yang boleh dikira. Nilai bagi nombor ini pada
umumnya dinyatakan sebagai integer atau nombor bulat. Tiada nilai yang
mungkin antara unit bersebelahan pada skala.
Variabel selanjar adalah nombor yang mempunyai nilai tidak terhingga antara
unit bersebelahan pada skala.
iii. Variabel Kualitatif
Variabel kualitatif adalah data bukan bernombor yang mewakili kategori data.
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4. SKALA PENGUKURAN
i. Skala Nominal
Tahap pengukuran yang paling rendah dan digunakan bagi variabel yang
bersifat kualitatif. Data adalah dalam bentuk label, nama atau kategori. Tiada
susunan tertentu bagi label, nama atau kategori dan ia tidak boleh diukur.
ii. Skala Ordinal
Tahap pengukuran yang agak rendah secara magnitud. Data boleh disusun
mengikut turutan. Ciri-ciri data ini adalah sama dengan data bagi skala nominal
dan susunan data adalah bermakna.
iii. Skala Interval
Data bagi skala interval mempunyai ciri-ciri yang sama dengan skala ordinal dan
ia adalah bernombor. Ia mempunyai magnitud dan selang yang sama antara
unit bersebelahan tetapi tidak mempunyai titik sifar mutlak.
iv. Skala Nisbah
Tahap pengukuran yang paling tinggi. Ia mempunyai semua ciri-ciri data bagi
skala interval dan mempunyai titik sifar mutlak.
5. PENGUKURAN KECENDERUNGAN MEMUSAT
Pengukuran kecenderungan memusat adalah pengukuran statistik untuk menentukan
skor bagi pusat sesuatu taburan data. Tujuan pengukuran kecenderungan memusat
adalah untuk menentukan skor yang paling tipikal bagi mewakili keseluruhan sesuatu
taburan data. Tiga jenis pengukuran kecenderungan memusat adalah min, median
dan mod.
i. Purata Aritmetik
Min aritmetik ditakrifkan sebagai jumlah bagi nilai dalam set data dibahagikan
dengan bilangan nilai.
Min aritmetik bagi nilai populasi diwakili oleh simbol μ (dibaca sebagai "mew"),
manakala min aritmetik bagi nilai sampel diwakili oleh simbol (dibaca sebagai
'x bar'). Formula bagi min populasi dan min sampel adalah:
min populasi:
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min sampel:
ii. Min Berwajaran
Min berwajaran adalah min aritmetik di mana setiap nilai diberi pemberat
mengikut kepentingan dalam keseluruhan kumpulan. Formula bagi min
berwajaran populasi dan sampel adalah:
di mana
iii. Median
Median ialah nilai x yang berada di tengah apabila data disusun mengikut
urutan dari yang terkecil ke terbesar.
Jika bilangan data, n, adalah ganjil, maka median ialah nilai yang terletak di
tengah atau berada di kedudukan
Jika bilangan data, n, adalah genap, median adalah purata nilai tengah yang
terletak antara dan + 1.
iii. Mod
Mod adalah nilai yang paling kerap muncul dalam sesuatu set data.
6. PENGUKURAN SERAKAN
Pengukuran serakan menggambarkan serakan antara nilai-nilai dalam sesuatu
taburan data. Kita boleh melihat serakan dari segi jarak antara setiap titik dengan
min. Jika jaraknya besar, taburan data dikatakan lebih terserak. Tiga kaedah umum
untuk mengukur serakan adalah julat, varians dan sisihan piawai.
i. Julat
Julat adalah perbezaan antara nilai tertinggi dengan nilai terendah dalam
taburan data.
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ii. Varians
Varians adalah purata kuasa dua sisihan antara setiap nilai data dengan min, μ.
Bagi populasi, varians ditulis sebagai:
atau
Bagi sampel, varians ditulis sebagai:
atau
iii. Sisihan Piawai
Secara umum, unit bagi varians dinyatakan dalam nilai kuasa dua. Bagi
memperoleh pengukuran serakan diukur dalam unit yang sama seperti data,
sisihan piawai, s, dikira. Ia dikira sebagai punca kuasa dua varians. Sisihan piawai
bagi populasi dan sampel ditulis seperti berikut:
Sisihan piawai bagi populasi:
atau
Sisihan piawai bagi sampel:
atau
iv. Pekali Variasi
Pekali variasi menunjukkan ukuran relatif serakan sisihan piawai berbanding
dengan min. Formula ini ditulis sebagai:
Populasi:
Sampel:
Pekali digunakan untuk membandingkan serakan bagi dua taburan data.
Semakin kecil nilai CV, semakin stabil (kurang variasi) bagi sesuatu taburan data.
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1. INTRODUCTION
i. Statistics
Statistics is a branch of mathematics that uses scientific methods of collecting,
compiling, presenting and analyzing data to assist in making more effective
decisions.
ii. Population and Sample
Population, denoted by N, is a collection of elements about which we wish to
make an inference. A sample, denoted by n, is a subset of elements selected
from the population.
2. DESCRIPTIVE AND INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Descriptive statistics is a method in organising, summarising and presenting data in
an informative way and utilises both numerical and graphical tools to describe a
finding.
Inferential statistics is a method by which decisions about a statistical population are
made based on a sample that is observed.
3. TYPES OF DATA
i. Quantitative Variable
A quantitative variable is a numerical data or observation that represents an
amount or quantity. The quantity can be discrete or continuous.
ii. Discrete and Continuous Variables
A discrete variable is a countable number of values. The values are generally
expressed as integers or whole numbers. It has no possible value between
adjacent units on the scale.
A continuous variable is a number that can have an infinite number of values
between adjacent units on the scale.
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iii. Qualitative Variable
A qualitative variable is a non-numerical observation that represents a category
of data.
4. SCALES OF MEASUREMENT
i. Nominal scale
The lowest level of measurement and is most often used with variables that are
qualitative in nature rather than quantitative. The data are labels, names or
categories. There is no particular order to the labels, names or categories and no
measurement involved.
ii. Ordinal level data
It has a relatively low level of the property magnitude. It allows ordering or
ranking. The characteristics of this data are the same as nominal scale and the
order of the data is meaningful.
iii. Interval scale
The data have the properties of ordinal level data and always numeric. It has
the property of magnitude and equal interval between adjacent units but does
not have an absolute zero point.
iv. Ratio scale
The highest level of measurement. It has all properties of interval scale data and
has an absolute zero point.
5. MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
Measures of central tendency is a statistical measure to determine a single score that
defines the center of a distribution. The goal of central tendency is to find the single
score that is most typical or most representative of the entire group (sample). The
three measures of central tendency are mean, median and mode.
i. Arithmetic Mean
The arithmetic mean is defined as the sum of the values in the data set divided
by the number of values.
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The arithmetic mean for a population of values is represented by the symbol µ
(read as “mew”), while the arithmetic mean for a sample of values is
represented by the symbol (read as „ bar‟). The formulae for the population
mean and the sample mean are:
population mean:
sample mean:
ii. The Weighted Mean
The weighted mean is an arithmetic mean in which each value is weighted
according to its importance in the overall group. The formulas for the population
and sample weighted means are given as:
where
iii. Median
A median is the value of x that falls in the middle when the measurements are
arranged in order from the smallest to the largest.
If the number of measurements, n, is odd, then the median is the value located
at the middle or th position.
If the number of measurements, n, is even, then the median is the average of
the middle values located between and + 1.
iv. Mode
The mode is the value that occurs most frequently in a data set.
6. MEASURE OF DISPERSION VARIABILITY
Measures of variability are concerned with describing the variability among the
values. We can view variability in terms of the distance between each dot and the
mean. If the distance is large, the data set is said to be more varied. The three
common methods to measure variability are range, variance and standard
deviation.
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i. Range
The range is the difference between the highest and the lowest values included
in a data set.
ii. Variance
The variance is the average of the squares of deviations about their mean, µ.
For a population, the variance is written as:
or
For a sample, the variance is written as:
or
iii. Standard Deviation
In general, the units expressed for a variance are in squared values. In order to
have a measure of variability measured in the same units as the observations,
the standard deviation, s, is computed. It is calculated as the square root of the
variance. The standard deviation for a population and a sample are written,
respectively, as follows:
Population standard deviation:
or
Sample standard deviation:
or
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iv. The Coefficient of Variation
The coefficient of variation indicates the relative measure of dispersion of the
standard deviation as compared with the mean. The formula is written as:
Population:
Sample:
The coefficient is used to compare the variability of two data sets. The smaller
the value of CV, the more stable (less variation) is the data set.
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JADUAL A: JADUAL UTAMA
TABLES A: MAIN TABLE
BAHAGIAN 4
PART 4
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14
,12
6
3
7,8
59
To
tal
20
10
12
7,5
33
35
,53
4
1
8,3
81
17
,15
3
55
9,9
39
5
,52
4
1
1,3
61
Pe
rta
nia
n2
01
51
,54
1
5
,22
9
2
,40
4
2
,82
5
3
9,8
40
7
38
8
,73
9
Ag
ricu
ltu
re2
01
05
80
1
,16
3
5
17
6
46
1
1,7
54
1
35
1
,35
7
Pe
rlo
mb
on
ga
n &
pe
ng
ku
ari
an
20
15
20
28
13
14
21
8
5
23
Min
ing
& q
ua
rryin
g2
01
03
2
1
87
1
20
6
7
9
62
2
3
6
6
Pe
mb
ua
tan
20
15
9,5
46
16
,71
1
12
,52
5
4,1
86
86
,05
1
1,9
92
5,4
70
Ma
nu
factu
rin
g2
01
08
,79
2
3
,05
1
2
,07
1
9
80
4
4,5
95
4
98
1
,04
0
Pe
mb
ina
an
20
15
2,6
22
6,8
25
4,3
67
2,4
58
56
,82
2
1,3
19
85
8
Co
nstr
uctio
n2
01
01
,37
1
4
,35
8
2
,84
0
1
,51
8
5
3,8
16
9
48
5
55
Pe
rkh
idm
ata
n2
01
51
73
,53
6
5
6,2
43
2
6,1
15
3
0,1
28
6
70
,62
8
1
0,0
72
2
2,7
68
Se
rvic
es
20
10
11
6,7
58
26
,77
6
12
,83
3
13
,94
2
44
8,8
12
3,9
20
8,3
43
Pa
da
ta
hu
n 2
01
0,
da
ta b
ag
i s
ub
se
kto
r k
ew
an
ga
n t
ida
k d
ite
rbit
ka
n
In 2
01
0,
da
ta f
or
fin
an
ce
su
b-s
ecto
r w
ere
no
t p
ub
lish
ed
Ja
du
al
A2
: P
era
ng
ka
an
uta
ma
pe
rtu
bu
ha
n m
ilik
an
wa
nit
a m
en
gik
ut
se
kto
r, 2
01
0 d
an
20
15
Ta
ble
A2
: P
rin
cip
al sta
tistics o
f w
om
en
-ow
ne
d e
sta
blis
hm
en
ts b
y s
ecto
r, 2
01
0 a
nd
20
15
Ne
ge
ri
Sta
te
Bil
an
ga
n p
ert
ub
uh
an
Nu
mb
er
of
esta
blis
hm
en
ts
Nil
ai
ou
tpu
t k
as
ar
Va
lue
of
gro
ss o
utp
ut
Nil
ai
inp
ut
pe
ran
tara
an
Va
lue
of
inte
rme
dia
te
inp
ut
Nil
ai
dit
am
ba
h
Va
lue
ad
de
d
Ju
mla
h p
ek
erj
a p
ad
a
bu
lan
Dis
em
be
r a
tau
pa
da
te
mp
oh
ga
ji a
kh
ir
To
tal
nu
mb
er
of
pe
rso
ns
en
ga
ge
d d
urin
g
De
ce
mb
er
or
the
la
st
pa
y
pe
rio
d
Ga
ji &
up
ah
ya
ng
dib
aya
r
Sa
larie
s &
wa
ge
s p
aid
Nil
ai
ha
rta
te
tap
ya
ng
dim
ilik
i p
ad
a a
kh
ir t
ah
un
Va
lue
of
fixe
d a
sse
ts
ow
ne
d a
s a
t th
e e
nd
of
the
ye
ar
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
Ju
mla
h
1
87
,26
5
8
5,0
35
45
,42
4
3
9,6
11
8
53
,55
9
1
4,1
26
37
,85
9
To
tal
Jo
ho
r
16
,01
5
1
0,5
75
6
,24
8
4,3
28
1
01
,03
3
1,9
62
7
,52
4
Ke
da
h
11
,81
2
3,0
08
1
,65
5
1,3
53
43
,39
6
4
54
1
,02
7
Ke
lan
tan
1
8,4
52
1
,95
9
9
39
1
,01
9
4
8,0
09
26
2
5
76
Me
laka
6,6
46
2
,18
6
8
76
1
,31
0
2
6,7
60
33
1
6
41
Ne
ge
ri S
em
bila
n
7
,58
1
2,6
58
1
,51
8
1,1
40
35
,80
9
5
30
71
6
Pa
ha
ng
9,8
41
3
,18
6
1,7
14
1
,47
2
4
4,1
55
52
8
2,6
65
Pu
lau
Pin
an
g
10
,52
4
5,6
54
3
,11
6
2,5
38
48
,38
7
8
14
1
,47
1
Pe
rak
1
4,9
41
3
,76
4
2,0
22
1
,74
2
5
6,1
29
70
1
1,4
97
Pe
rlis
2,2
08
41
1
2
14
19
7
7,7
60
6
1
2
21
Se
lan
go
r
27
,11
1
2
3,4
91
12
,02
5
1
1,4
66
1
69
,27
5
3,9
26
6
,61
9
Te
ren
gg
an
u
10
,14
2
1,4
35
73
4
7
02
29
,91
8
2
26
74
0
Sa
ba
h
19
,07
7
5,4
28
2
,88
2
2,5
46
78
,60
9
9
14
3
,89
8
Sa
raw
ak
1
4,3
76
6
,31
4
4,1
00
2
,21
4
5
8,4
57
77
4
3,2
25
W.
P.
Ku
ala
Lu
mp
ur
1
7,5
60
14
,59
0
7,1
76
7
,41
4
10
1,3
27
2
,57
9
4,1
81
W.
P.
La
bu
an
6
97
24
0
1
38
10
2
2,8
64
3
6
2,8
26
W.
P.
Pu
tra
jaya
2
82
13
5
69
6
7
1,6
71
2
7
32
Ja
du
al
A3
: P
era
ng
ka
an
uta
ma
pe
rtu
bu
ha
n m
ilik
an
wa
nit
a m
en
gik
ut
ne
ge
ri,
20
15
Ta
ble
A3
: P
rin
cip
al sta
tistics o
f w
om
en
-ow
ne
d e
sta
blis
hm
en
ts b
y s
tate
, 2
01
5
Su
bs
ek
tor
Su
b-s
ecto
r
Bil
an
ga
n p
ert
ub
uh
an
Nu
mb
er
of
esta
blis
hm
en
ts
Nil
ai
ou
tpu
t k
as
ar
Va
lue
of
gro
ss o
utp
ut
Nil
ai
inp
ut
pe
ran
tara
an
Va
lue
of
inte
rme
dia
te
inp
ut
Nil
ai
dit
am
ba
h
Va
lue
ad
de
d
Ju
mla
h p
ek
erj
a p
ad
a
bu
lan
D
ise
mb
er
ata
u
pa
da
te
mp
oh
ga
ji a
kh
ir
To
tal
nu
mb
er
of
pe
rso
ns
en
ga
ge
d d
urin
g
De
ce
mb
er
or
the
la
st
pa
y
pe
rio
d
Ga
ji &
up
ah
ya
ng
dib
aya
r
Sa
larie
s &
wa
ge
s p
aid
Nil
ai
ha
rta
te
tap
ya
ng
dim
ilik
i p
ad
a a
kh
ir
tah
un
Va
lue
of
fixe
d
asse
ts o
wn
ed
as a
t th
e e
nd
of
the
ye
ar
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
Pe
rta
nia
n1
,54
15
,22
92
,40
42
,82
53
9,8
40
73
88
,73
9
Ag
ricu
ltu
re
Ta
na
ma
n
Cro
ps
1
,18
9
3
,93
2
1
,48
7
2
,44
5
34
,17
8
6
12
8,4
15
Te
rna
ka
n
Liv
esto
ck
1
48
56
7
3
92
17
5
1
,84
3
35
12
6
Pe
rhu
tan
an
da
n p
em
ba
lak
an
Fo
restr
y a
nd
lo
gg
ing
72
49
9
3
45
15
3
2
,57
2
67
11
5
Pe
rik
an
an
Fis
he
rie
s
1
32
23
1
1
80
5
2
1
,24
7
24
8
5
Ja
du
al
A4
: P
era
ng
ka
an
uta
ma
pe
rtu
bu
ha
n m
ilik
an
wa
nit
a d
ala
m s
ek
tor
pe
rta
nia
n,
20
15
Ta
ble
A4
: P
rin
cip
al sta
tistics o
f w
om
en
-ow
ne
d e
sta
blis
hm
en
ts in
ag
ricu
ltu
re s
ecto
r, 2
01
5
Su
bs
ek
tor
Su
b-s
ecto
r
Bil
an
ga
n
pe
rtu
bu
ha
n
Nu
mb
er
of
esta
blis
hm
en
ts
Nil
ai
ou
tpu
t k
as
ar
Va
lue
of
gro
ss o
utp
ut
Nil
ai
inp
ut
pe
ran
tara
an
Va
lue
of
inte
rme
dia
te
inp
ut
Nil
ai
dit
am
ba
h
Va
lue
ad
de
d
Ju
mla
h p
ek
erj
a p
ad
a
bu
lan
D
ise
mb
er
ata
u
pa
da
te
mp
oh
ga
ji a
kh
ir
To
tal
nu
mb
er
of
pe
rso
ns
en
ga
ge
d d
urin
g
De
ce
mb
er
or
the
la
st
pa
y
pe
rio
d
Ga
ji &
up
ah
ya
ng
dib
aya
r
Sa
larie
s &
wa
ge
s p
aid
Nil
ai
ha
rta
te
tap
ya
ng
dim
ilik
i p
ad
a a
kh
ir
tah
un
Va
lue
of
fixe
d
asse
ts o
wn
ed
as a
t th
e e
nd
of
the
ye
ar
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
Pe
rlo
mb
on
ga
n &
pe
ng
ku
ari
an
20
28
13
14
21
8
5
23
Min
ing
& q
ua
rryin
g
Pe
rlo
mb
on
ga
n m
ine
ral
Min
era
l m
inin
g
Pe
ng
ku
ari
an
Qu
arr
yin
g
2
0
28
1
3
14
21
8
5
2
3
Pe
tro
leu
m d
an
ga
s a
sli
Oil
an
d G
as
Ja
du
al
A5
: P
era
ng
ka
an
uta
ma
pe
rtu
bu
ha
n m
ilik
an
wa
nit
a d
ala
m s
ek
tor
pe
lom
bo
ng
an
& p
en
gk
ua
ria
n,
20
15
Ta
ble
A5
: P
rin
cip
al sta
tistics o
f w
om
en
-ow
ne
d e
sta
blis
hm
en
ts in
min
ing
& q
ua
rryin
g s
ecto
r, 2
01
5
Su
bs
ek
tor
Su
b-s
ecto
r
Bil
an
ga
n p
ert
ub
uh
an
Nu
mb
er
of
esta
blis
hm
en
ts
Nil
ai
ou
tpu
t k
as
ar
Va
lue
of
gro
ss o
utp
ut
Nil
ai
inp
ut
pe
ran
tara
an
Va
lue
of
inte
rme
dia
te
inp
ut
Nil
ai
dit
am
ba
h
Va
lue
ad
de
d
Ju
mla
h p
ek
erj
a p
ad
a
bu
lan
D
ise
mb
er
ata
u
pa
da
te
mp
oh
ga
ji a
kh
ir
To
tal
nu
mb
er
of
pe
rso
ns
en
ga
ge
d d
urin
g
De
ce
mb
er
or
the
la
st
pa
y p
erio
d
Ga
ji &
up
ah
ya
ng
dib
aya
r
Sa
larie
s &
wa
ge
s p
aid
Nil
ai
ha
rta
te
tap
ya
ng
dim
ilik
i p
ad
a a
kh
ir
tah
un
Va
lue
of
fixe
d
asse
ts o
wn
ed
as a
t th
e e
nd
of
the
ye
ar
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
Ju
mla
h9
,60
31
6,9
56
12
,64
34
,31
38
6,9
60
2,0
12
5,5
44
To
tal
Pe
mb
ua
tan
pro
du
k m
ak
an
an
2,3
47
5,7
01
4,6
41
1,0
60
22
,59
55
69
1,5
47
Ma
nu
factu
re o
f fo
od
pro
du
cts
Pe
mb
ua
tan
min
um
an
Ma
nu
factu
re o
f b
eve
rag
es
Pe
mb
ua
tan
pro
du
k t
em
ba
ka
u
Ma
nu
factu
re o
f to
ba
cco
pro
du
cts
Pe
mb
ua
tan
te
ks
til
32
02
27
13
79
02
,39
94
06
9
Ma
nu
factu
re o
f te
xtile
s
Pe
mb
ua
tan
pa
ka
ian
4,9
60
57
33
28
24
51
2,1
70
11
62
17
Ma
nu
factu
re o
f w
ea
rin
g a
pp
are
l
Pe
mb
ua
tan
pro
du
k k
uli
t d
an
ba
ran
ga
n
be
rka
ita
n
50
68
45
23
90
01
62
0
Ma
nu
factu
re o
f le
ath
er
an
d r
ela
ted
pro
du
cts
Pe
mb
ua
tan
ka
yu
da
n p
rod
uk
ka
yu
da
n
ga
bu
s,
ke
cu
ali
pe
rab
ot;
pe
mb
ua
tan
ba
gi
art
ike
l je
ram
i d
an
ba
ha
n-b
ah
an
an
ya
ma
n
91
1,0
39
83
02
10
4,7
31
10
92
15
Ma
nu
factu
re o
f w
oo
d a
nd
pro
du
cts
of
wo
od
an
d c
ork
, e
xce
pt
furn
itu
re;
ma
nu
factu
re o
f
art
icle
s o
f str
aw
an
d p
laitin
g m
ate
ria
ls
Pe
mb
ua
tan
ke
rta
s d
an
pro
du
k k
ert
as
62
19
51
36
59
1,2
65
32
92
Ma
nu
factu
re o
f p
ap
er
an
d p
ap
er
pro
du
cts
Pe
rce
tak
an
da
n p
en
erb
ita
n s
em
ula
me
dia
rak
am
an
33
64
04
26
31
41
3,8
43
10
01
90
Prin
tin
g a
nd
re
pro
du
ctio
n o
f re
co
rde
d m
ed
ia
Pe
mb
ua
tan
ko
k d
an
pro
du
k p
etr
ole
um
be
rta
pis
10
23
15
81
90
61
6
Ma
nu
factu
re o
f co
ke
an
d r
efin
ed
pe
tro
leu
m
pro
du
cts
Ja
du
al
A6
: P
era
ng
ka
an
uta
ma
pe
rtu
bu
ha
n m
ilik
an
wa
nit
a d
ala
m s
ek
tor
pe
mb
ua
tan
, 2
01
5
Ta
ble
A6
: P
rin
cip
al sta
tistics o
f w
om
en
-ow
ne
d e
sta
blis
hm
en
ts in
ma
nu
factu
rin
g s
ecto
r, 2
01
5
57
74
20
90
91
27
11
82
46
Su
bs
ek
tor
Su
b-s
ecto
r
Bil
an
ga
n p
ert
ub
uh
an
Nu
mb
er
of
esta
blis
hm
en
ts
Nil
ai
ou
tpu
t k
as
ar
Va
lue
of
gro
ss o
utp
ut
Nil
ai
inp
ut
pe
ran
tara
an
Va
lue
of
inte
rme
dia
te
inp
ut
Nil
ai
dit
am
ba
h
Va
lue
ad
de
d
Ju
mla
h p
ek
erj
a p
ad
a
bu
lan
D
ise
mb
er
ata
u
pa
da
te
mp
oh
ga
ji a
kh
ir
To
tal
nu
mb
er
of
pe
rso
ns
en
ga
ge
d d
urin
g
De
ce
mb
er
or
the
la
st
pa
y p
erio
d
Ga
ji &
up
ah
ya
ng
dib
aya
r
Sa
larie
s &
wa
ge
s p
aid
Nil
ai
ha
rta
te
tap
ya
ng
dim
ilik
i p
ad
a a
kh
ir
tah
un
Va
lue
of
fixe
d
asse
ts o
wn
ed
as a
t th
e e
nd
of
the
ye
ar
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
Pe
mb
ua
tan
kim
ia d
an
pro
du
k k
imia
11
27
50
51
82
32
3,3
03
10
11
93
Ma
nu
factu
re o
f ch
em
ica
ls a
nd
ch
em
ica
l
pro
du
cts
Pe
mb
ua
tan
pro
du
k f
arm
as
eu
tik
al
as
as
,
kim
ia p
eru
ba
tan
da
n b
ota
ni
51
99
65
34
85
41
83
2
Ma
nu
factu
re o
f b
asic
ph
arm
ace
utica
l
pro
du
cts
an
d p
ha
rma
ce
utica
l p
rep
ara
tio
ns
Pe
mb
ua
tan
pro
du
k g
eta
h d
an
pla
sti
k1
38
1,9
18
1,4
58
46
07
,41
62
04
1,0
92
Ma
nu
factu
re o
f ru
bb
er
an
d p
lastics p
rod
ucts
Pe
mb
ua
tan
pro
du
k g
ali
an
bu
ka
n l
og
am
lain
11
42
85
19
49
21
,87
84
99
7
Ma
nu
factu
re o
f o
the
r n
on
-me
talic
min
era
l
pro
du
cts
Pe
mb
ua
tan
lo
ga
m a
sa
s5
32
43
18
55
92
,72
26
11
41
Ma
nu
factu
re o
f b
asic
me
tals
Pe
mb
ua
tan
pro
du
k l
og
am
, k
ec
ua
li m
es
in
da
n k
ele
ng
ka
pa
n
21
01
,49
71
,12
83
69
3,9
42
99
24
5
Ma
nu
factu
re o
f fa
brica
ted
me
tal p
rod
ucts
,
exce
pt
ma
ch
ine
ry a
nd
eq
uip
me
nt
Pe
mb
ua
tan
ko
mp
ute
r, p
rod
uk
ele
ktr
on
ik
da
n o
pti
ka
l
34
1,1
91
91
02
81
2,7
01
10
94
38
Ma
nu
factu
re o
f co
mp
ute
r, e
lectr
on
ic a
nd
op
tica
l p
rod
ucts
Pe
mb
ua
tan
ke
len
gk
ap
an
ele
ktr
ik5
13
55
24
91
05
1,6
31
36
13
3
Ma
nu
factu
re o
f e
lectr
ica
l e
qu
ipm
en
t
Pe
mb
ua
tan
je
nte
ra d
an
pe
rala
tan
t.t
.t.l
.8
12
89
17
91
11
2,1
44
61
13
6
Ma
nu
factu
re o
f m
ach
ine
ry a
nd
eq
uip
me
nt
n.e
.c.
Ja
du
al
A6
: P
era
ng
ka
an
uta
ma
pe
rtu
bu
ha
n m
ilik
an
wa
nit
a d
ala
m s
ek
tor
pe
mb
ua
tan
, 2
01
5 (
sa
mb
.)
Ta
ble
A6
: P
rin
cip
al sta
tistics o
f w
om
en
-ow
ne
d e
sta
blis
hm
en
ts in
ma
nu
factu
rin
g s
ecto
r, 2
01
5 (
co
nt.
)
Su
bs
ek
tor
Su
b-s
ecto
r
Bil
an
ga
n p
ert
ub
uh
an
Nu
mb
er
of
esta
blis
hm
en
ts
Nil
ai
ou
tpu
t k
as
ar
Va
lue
of
gro
ss o
utp
ut
Nil
ai
inp
ut
pe
ran
tara
an
Va
lue
of
inte
rme
dia
te
inp
ut
Nil
ai
dit
am
ba
h
Va
lue
ad
de
d
Ju
mla
h p
ek
erj
a p
ad
a
bu
lan
D
ise
mb
er
ata
u
pa
da
te
mp
oh
ga
ji a
kh
ir
To
tal
nu
mb
er
of
pe
rso
ns
en
ga
ge
d d
urin
g
De
ce
mb
er
or
the
la
st
pa
y p
erio
d
Ga
ji &
up
ah
ya
ng
dib
aya
r
Sa
larie
s &
wa
ge
s p
aid
Nil
ai
ha
rta
te
tap
ya
ng
dim
ilik
i p
ad
a a
kh
ir
tah
un
Va
lue
of
fixe
d
asse
ts o
wn
ed
as a
t th
e e
nd
of
the
ye
ar
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
Pe
mb
ua
tan
ke
nd
era
an
be
rmo
tor,
tre
ler
da
n
se
mi
tre
ler
30
48
23
66
11
61
,81
74
61
60
Ma
nu
factu
re o
f m
oto
r ve
hic
les,
tra
ilers
an
d
se
mi-tr
aile
rs
Pe
mb
ua
tan
ke
len
gk
ap
an
pe
ng
an
gk
uta
n
lain
19
98
67
31
1,0
06
18
64
Ma
nu
factu
re o
f o
the
r tr
an
sp
ort
eq
uip
me
nt
Pe
mb
ua
tan
pe
rab
ot
14
34
38
28
11
57
4,0
24
90
17
8
Ma
nu
factu
re o
f fu
rnitu
re
Pe
mb
ua
tan
la
in1
37
26
31
87
76
1,5
48
39
47
Oth
er
ma
nu
factu
rin
g
Pe
mb
aik
an
da
n p
em
as
an
ga
n m
es
in d
an
ke
len
gk
ap
an
14
03
26
22
31
03
2,0
63
55
77
Re
pa
ir a
nd
in
sta
llatio
n o
f m
ach
ine
ry a
nd
eq
uip
me
nt
Ma
nu
factu
re o
f b
asic
me
tals
Ja
du
al
A6
: P
era
ng
ka
an
uta
ma
pe
rtu
bu
ha
n m
ilik
an
wa
nit
a d
ala
m s
ek
tor
pe
mb
ua
tan
, 2
01
5 (
sa
mb
.)
Ta
ble
A6
: P
rin
cip
al sta
tistics o
f w
om
en
-ow
ne
d e
sta
blis
hm
en
ts in
ma
nu
factu
rin
g s
ecto
r, 2
01
5 (
co
nt.
)
Su
bs
ek
tor
Su
b-s
ecto
r
Bil
an
ga
n p
ert
ub
uh
an
Nu
mb
er
of
esta
blis
hm
en
ts
Nil
ai
ou
tpu
t k
as
ar
Va
lue
of
gro
ss o
utp
ut
Nil
ai
inp
ut
pe
ran
tara
an
Va
lue
of
inte
rme
dia
te
inp
ut
Nil
ai
dit
am
ba
h
Va
lue
ad
de
d
Ju
mla
h p
ek
erj
a p
ad
a
bu
lan
D
ise
mb
er
ata
u
pa
da
te
mp
oh
ga
ji a
kh
ir
To
tal
nu
mb
er
of
pe
rso
ns
en
ga
ge
d d
urin
g
De
ce
mb
er
or
the
la
st
pa
y p
erio
d
Ga
ji &
up
ah
ya
ng
dib
aya
r
Sa
larie
s &
wa
ge
s p
aid
Nil
ai
ha
rta
te
tap
ya
ng
dim
ilik
i p
ad
a a
kh
ir
tah
un
Va
lue
of
fixe
d
asse
ts o
wn
ed
as a
t th
e e
nd
of
the
ye
ar
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
Pe
mb
ina
an
2,6
22
6
,82
5
4,3
67
2
,45
8
56
,82
2
1
,31
9
85
8
co
nstr
uctio
n
Ba
ng
un
an
ke
dia
ma
n
Re
sid
en
tia
l b
uild
ing
s
55
6
2
,23
8
1
,44
5
79
4
18
,03
4
44
3
23
2
Ba
ng
un
an
bu
ka
n k
ed
iam
an
No
n -
re
sid
en
tia
l b
uild
ing
s
48
1
1
,21
4
80
4
41
0
10
,47
3
23
1
13
6
Ke
juru
tera
an
aw
am
Civ
il e
ng
ine
erin
g
82
9
2
,03
4
1
,26
5
76
9
16
,79
6
37
8
25
4
Pe
rtu
ka
ng
an
kh
as
Sp
ecia
l tr
ad
es
75
6
1
,33
9
85
3
48
5
11
,51
9
26
8
23
6
Ja
du
al
A7
: P
era
ng
ka
an
uta
ma
pe
rtu
bu
ha
n m
ilik
an
wa
nit
a d
ala
m s
ek
tor
pe
mb
ina
an
, 2
01
5
Ta
ble
A7
: P
rin
cip
al sta
tistics o
f w
om
en
-ow
ne
d e
sta
blis
hm
en
ts in
co
nstr
uctio
n s
ecto
r, 2
01
5
Su
bs
ek
tor
Su
b-s
ecto
r
Bil
an
ga
n p
ert
ub
uh
an
Nu
mb
er
of
esta
blis
hm
en
ts
Nil
ai
ou
tpu
t k
as
ar
Va
lue
of
gro
ss o
utp
ut
Nil
ai
inp
ut
pe
ran
tara
an
Va
lue
of
inte
rme
dia
te
inp
ut
Nil
ai
dit
am
ba
h
Va
lue
ad
de
d
Ju
mla
h p
ek
erj
a p
ad
a
bu
lan
D
ise
mb
er
ata
u
pa
da
te
mp
oh
ga
ji a
kh
ir
To
tal
nu
mb
er
of
pe
rso
ns
en
ga
ge
d d
urin
g
De
ce
mb
er
or
the
la
st
pa
y p
erio
d
Ga
ji &
up
ah
ya
ng
dib
aya
r
Sa
larie
s &
wa
ge
s p
aid
Nil
ai
ha
rta
te
tap
ya
ng
dim
ilik
i p
ad
a a
kh
ir
tah
un
Va
lue
of
fixe
d
asse
ts o
wn
ed
as a
t th
e e
nd
of
the
ye
ar
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
Pe
rkh
idm
ata
n1
73
,53
6
56
,24
3
2
6,1
15
30
,12
8
6
70
,62
8
10
,07
2
2
2,7
68
Se
rvic
es
Be
ka
lan
ele
ktr
ik,
ga
s,
wa
p d
an
pe
nd
ing
ina
n
ud
ara
Ele
ctr
icity,
ga
s,
ste
am
an
d a
ir c
on
ditio
nin
g
su
pp
ly
1
4
2
2
1
3
9
15
4
3
2
6
Be
ka
lan
air
; p
em
be
ntu
ng
an
, p
en
gu
rus
an
sis
a d
an
ak
tivit
i p
em
uli
ha
n
Wa
ter
su
pp
ly;
se
we
rag
e,
wa
ste
ma
na
ge
me
nt
an
d r
em
ed
iatio
n a
ctivitie
s
5
3
10
6
6
8
3
8
84
9
1
9
4
6
Pe
rda
ga
ng
an
bo
ron
g d
an
ru
nc
it
Wh
ole
sa
le a
nd
re
tail
tra
de
81
,87
7
22
,76
0
8
,67
3
14
,08
7
2
37
,62
8
4
,13
0
6
,22
0
Pe
ng
an
gk
uta
n d
an
pe
nyim
pa
na
n
Tra
nsp
ort
atio
n a
nd
sto
rag
e
3
,83
6
3
,20
1
1
,85
8
1
,34
3
20
,68
8
54
1
1
,29
9
Pe
ng
ina
pa
n
Acco
mm
od
atio
n
56
0
92
8
39
8
53
0
10
,40
2
18
6
2
,01
5
Ma
ka
na
n d
an
min
um
an
Fo
od
an
d b
eve
rag
e
55
,39
6
12
,11
0
6
,78
8
5
,32
1
2
22
,64
3
1
,70
7
1
,28
4
Ma
klu
ma
t d
an
ko
mu
nik
as
i
Info
rma
tio
n a
nd
co
mm
un
ica
tio
n
25
2
34
4
18
7
15
7
2
,01
4
7
8
8
5
Ke
wa
ng
an
Fin
an
cia
l
13
3
3
0
1
0
2
0
43
9
5
9
7
Ha
rta
na
h
Re
al e
sta
te
1
,06
8
2
,46
4
1
,05
3
1
,41
2
6
,62
5
22
2
6
,06
8
Pro
fes
ion
al,
sa
inti
fik
da
n t
ek
nik
al
Pro
fessio
na
l, s
cie
ntific a
nd
te
ch
nic
al
4
,12
4
4
,01
1
1
,57
2
2
,43
9
32
,10
8
1
,02
4
1
,36
0
Ja
du
al
A8
: P
era
ng
ka
an
uta
ma
pe
rtu
bu
ha
n m
ilik
an
wa
nit
a d
ala
m s
ek
tor
pe
rkh
idm
ata
n,
20
15
Ta
ble
A8
: P
rin
cip
al sta
tistics o
f w
om
en
-ow
ne
d e
sta
blis
hm
en
ts in
se
rvic
es s
ecto
r, 2
01
5
Su
bs
ek
tor
Su
b-s
ecto
r
Bil
an
ga
n p
ert
ub
uh
an
Nu
mb
er
of
esta
blis
hm
en
ts
Nil
ai
ou
tpu
t k
as
ar
Va
lue
of
gro
ss o
utp
ut
Nil
ai
inp
ut
pe
ran
tara
an
Va
lue
of
inte
rme
dia
te
inp
ut
Nil
ai
dit
am
ba
h
Va
lue
ad
de
d
Ju
mla
h p
ek
erj
a p
ad
a
bu
lan
D
ise
mb
er
ata
u
pa
da
te
mp
oh
ga
ji a
kh
ir
To
tal
nu
mb
er
of
pe
rso
ns
en
ga
ge
d d
urin
g
De
ce
mb
er
or
the
la
st
pa
y p
erio
d
Ga
ji &
up
ah
ya
ng
dib
aya
r
Sa
larie
s &
wa
ge
s p
aid
Nil
ai
ha
rta
te
tap
ya
ng
dim
ilik
i p
ad
a a
kh
ir
tah
un
Va
lue
of
fixe
d
asse
ts o
wn
ed
as a
t th
e e
nd
of
the
ye
ar
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
Pe
nta
db
ira
n d
an
kh
idm
at
so
ko
ng
an
Ad
min
istr
ative
an
d s
up
po
rt s
erv
ice
2
,54
1
3,3
50
2,2
21
1,1
29
2
0,6
97
4
41
1,7
03
Pe
nd
idik
an
Ed
uca
tio
n
5
,30
8
1,6
67
6
56
1,0
10
3
1,5
47
4
97
7
01
Ke
sih
ata
n k
em
an
us
iaa
n d
an
ke
rja
so
sia
l
Hu
ma
n h
ea
lth
an
d s
ocia
l w
ork
4
,69
9
2,1
40
1,0
65
1,0
74
2
5,8
04
5
46
9
90
Ke
se
nia
n,
hib
ura
n d
an
re
kre
as
i
Art
s,
en
tert
ain
me
nt
an
d r
ecre
atio
n
77
6
28
3
13
3
15
0
3
,84
7
5
9
12
0
Pe
rkh
idm
ata
n p
ers
en
dir
ian
da
n l
ain
-la
in
ak
tivit
i
Pe
rso
na
l se
rvic
es a
nd
oth
er
activitie
s
12
,89
9
2,8
28
1,4
19
1,4
09
5
5,1
83
6
14
7
54
Ja
du
al
A8
: P
era
ng
ka
an
uta
ma
pe
rtu
bu
ha
n m
ilik
an
wa
nit
a d
ala
m s
ek
tor
pe
rkh
idm
ata
n,
20
15
(s
am
b.)
Ta
ble
A8
: P
rin
cip
al sta
tistics o
f w
om
en
-ow
ne
d e
sta
blis
hm
en
ts in
se
rvic
es s
ecto
r, 2
01
5 (
co
nt.
)
Bil
an
ga
n p
ert
ub
uh
an
Nu
mb
er
of
esta
blis
hm
en
ts
Nil
ai
ou
tpu
t k
as
ar
Va
lue
of
gro
ss o
utp
ut
Nil
ai
inp
ut
pe
ran
tara
an
Va
lue
of
inte
rme
dia
te
inp
ut
Nil
ai
dit
am
ba
h
Va
lue
ad
de
d
Ju
mla
h p
ek
erj
a p
ad
a
bu
lan
Dis
em
be
r a
tau
pa
da
te
mp
oh
ga
ji a
kh
ir
To
tal
nu
mb
er
of
pe
rso
ns
en
ga
ge
d d
urin
g
De
ce
mb
er
or
the
la
st
pa
y
pe
rio
d
Ga
ji &
up
ah
ya
ng
dib
aya
r
Sa
larie
s &
wa
ge
s p
aid
Nil
ai
ha
rta
te
tap
ya
ng
dim
ilik
i p
ad
a a
kh
ir
tah
un
Va
lue
of
fixe
d a
sse
ts
ow
ne
d a
s a
t th
e e
nd
of
the
ye
ar
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
18
7,2
65
85
,03
54
5,4
24
39
,61
18
53
,55
91
4,1
26
37
,85
9
To
tal
99
,88
14
,20
31
,90
22
,30
02
07
,41
89
62
1,5
98
36
,35
45
,36
22
,51
12
,85
21
32
,25
01
,25
41
,51
3
31
,62
61
0,1
90
4,6
83
5,5
08
16
7,2
91
2,4
22
3,8
92
9,8
27
6,9
43
3,1
46
3,7
96
77
,73
01
,59
03
,05
8
7,5
51
15
,91
37
,73
38
,17
91
13
,45
32
,99
57
,54
2
1,0
22
6,9
95
3,7
11
3,2
86
41
,90
81
,18
43
,87
2
1,0
04
35
,42
92
1,7
38
13
,69
01
13
,50
93
,72
11
6,3
84
an
d a
bo
ve
Ku
ran
g d
ari
pa
da
10
0
Be
low
Ja
du
al
A9
: P
era
ng
ka
an
uta
ma
pe
rtu
bu
ha
n m
ilik
an
wa
nit
a m
en
gik
ut
sa
iz o
utp
ut,
20
15
Ta
ble
A9
: P
rin
cip
al sta
tistics o
f w
om
en
-ow
ne
d e
sta
blis
hm
en
ts b
y o
utp
ut
siz
e,
20
15
Sa
iz o
utp
ut
Ou
tpu
t siz
e
(RM
'0
00
)
Ju
mla
h
50
0 -
< 1
,00
0
1,0
00
- <
5,0
00
50
00
- <
10
,00
0
10
,00
0 d
an
le
bih
10
0 -
< 2
00
20
0 -
< 5
00
Bil
an
ga
n p
ert
ub
uh
an
Nu
mb
er
of
esta
blis
hm
en
ts
Nil
ai
ou
tpu
t k
as
ar
Va
lue
of
gro
ss o
utp
ut
Nil
ai
inp
ut
pe
ran
tara
an
Va
lue
of
inte
rme
dia
te
inp
ut
Nil
ai
dit
am
ba
h
Va
lue
ad
de
d
Ju
mla
h p
ek
erj
a p
ad
a
bu
lan
Dis
em
be
r a
tau
pa
da
te
mp
oh
ga
ji a
kh
ir
To
tal
nu
mb
er
of
pe
rso
ns
en
ga
ge
d d
urin
g
De
ce
mb
er
or
the
la
st
pa
y
pe
rio
d
Ga
ji &
up
ah
ya
ng
dib
aya
r
Sa
larie
s &
wa
ge
s p
aid
Nil
ai
ha
rta
te
tap
ya
ng
dim
ilik
i p
ad
a a
kh
ir
tah
un
Va
lue
of
fixe
d a
sse
ts
ow
ne
d a
s a
t th
e e
nd
of
the
ye
ar
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
1
87
,26
5
85
,03
5
45
,42
4
39
,61
1
8
53
,55
9
14
,12
6
37
,85
9
To
tal
1
38
,47
2
15
,07
3
6
,90
5
8
,16
8
3
07
,55
1
2
,35
0
6
,05
6
Be
low
5
-
9
37
,03
4
17
,62
8
8
,01
4
9
,61
4
2
23
,87
7
3
,44
1
9
,14
4
10
- 1
9
7
,84
8
11
,69
8
5
,93
7
5
,76
1
96
,64
8
2
,09
9
4
,02
5
20
- 2
9
1
,64
3
5
,85
8
2
,98
1
2
,87
8
37
,04
4
95
8
2
,84
1
30
- 4
9
1
,10
8
6
,84
1
3
,91
7
2
,92
3
39
,04
6
1
,07
0
2
,86
2
50
- 9
9
68
4
7
,78
9
4
,57
3
3
,21
7
41
,64
6
1
,12
3
3
,90
9
47
6
20
,14
8
13
,09
7
7
,05
1
1
07
,74
7
3
,08
5
9
,02
2
Ku
ran
g d
ari
pa
da
5
10
0 d
an
le
bih
a
nd
ab
ove
Ja
du
al
A1
0 :
Pe
ran
gk
aa
n u
tam
a p
ert
ub
uh
an
mil
ika
n w
an
ita
me
ng
iku
t s
aiz
pe
ke
rja
, 2
01
5
Ta
ble
A1
0:
Prin
cip
al sta
tistics o
f w
om
en
-ow
ne
d e
sta
blis
hm
en
ts b
y e
mp
loym
en
t siz
e,
20
15
Sa
iz p
ek
erj
a
Em
plo
ym
en
t siz
e
Ju
mla
h
Bil
an
ga
n p
ert
ub
uh
an
Nu
mb
er
of
esta
blis
hm
en
ts
Nil
ai
ou
tpu
t k
as
ar
Va
lue
of
gro
ss o
utp
ut
Nil
ai
inp
ut
pe
ran
tara
an
Va
lue
of
inte
rme
dia
te
inp
ut
Nil
ai
dit
am
ba
h
Va
lue
ad
de
d
Ju
mla
h p
ek
erj
a p
ad
a
bu
lan
Dis
em
be
r a
tau
pa
da
te
mp
oh
ga
ji a
kh
ir
To
tal
nu
mb
er
of
pe
rso
ns
en
ga
ge
d d
urin
g
De
ce
mb
er
or
the
la
st
pa
y
pe
rio
d
Ga
ji &
up
ah
ya
ng
dib
aya
r
Sa
larie
s &
wa
ge
s p
aid
Nil
ai
ha
rta
te
tap
ya
ng
dim
ilik
i p
ad
a a
kh
ir
tah
un
Va
lue
of
fixe
d a
sse
ts
ow
ne
d a
s a
t th
e e
nd
of
the
ye
ar
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
Ju
mla
h
1
87
,26
5
85
,03
5
45
,42
5
39
,61
1
8
53
,55
9
14
,12
6
37
,85
9
To
tal
Ku
ran
g d
ari
pa
da
50
1
53
,43
6
24
,63
2
11
,45
8
13
,17
4
4
79
,60
5
4
,79
8
1
,44
2
Be
low
50
-
<
10
0
14
,53
6
6
,27
5
3
,07
4
3
,19
9
75
,40
7
1
,23
4
9
85
10
0
-
<
20
0
7,7
86
5,8
90
2,8
29
3,0
61
5
4,3
06
1,1
96
1,0
90
20
0
-
<
5
00
5,6
79
7,7
14
3,8
89
3,8
27
5
5,3
84
1,3
82
1,7
52
50
0
-
<
1
,00
0
2
,36
1
6
,51
0
3
,57
4
2
,93
7
36
,71
6
9
77
1,6
47
1,0
00
-
<
5,0
00
2,4
53
1
2,1
61
6,5
71
5,5
90
7
0,0
89
1,9
70
5,1
68
5,0
00
-
<
1
0,0
00
48
5
4
,33
4
2
,66
5
1
,66
9
22
,76
1
6
98
3,0
19
1
0,0
00
-
<
5
0,0
00
40
9
9
,04
2
5
,57
5
3
,46
6
33
,90
6
1
,04
3
6
,80
4
5
0,0
00
-
<
10
0,0
00
5
8
3
,52
1
2
,31
1
1
,21
0
11
,12
4
3
45
3,9
74
10
0,0
00
-
<
20
0,0
00
3
4
3
,21
0
2
,41
2
7
98
7,6
78
35
2
3
,19
9
20
0,0
00
d
an
ke
ata
s
2
8
1
,74
5
1
,06
4
6
81
6,5
83
13
1
8
,77
8
an
d a
bo
ve
(RM
'0
00
)
Ta
ble
A1
1:
Prin
cip
al sta
tistics o
f w
om
en
-ow
ne
d e
sta
blis
hm
en
ts b
y s
ize
of
fixe
d a
sse
ts,
20
15
Sa
iz h
art
a t
eta
p
Siz
e o
f fixe
d a
sse
ts
Ja
du
al
A1
1:
Pe
ran
gk
aa
n u
tam
a p
ert
ub
uh
an
mil
ika
n w
an
ita
me
ng
iku
t s
aiz
ha
rta
te
tap
, 2
01
5
Ka
teg
ori
pe
ke
rja
Ca
teg
ory
of
wo
rke
rs
Ju
mla
hL
ela
ki
Pe
rem
pu
an
Ju
mla
hL
ela
ki
Pe
rem
pu
an
To
tal
Ma
leF
em
ale
To
tal
Ma
leF
em
ale
Ju
mla
h
8
53
,55
9
37
8,0
55
4
75
,50
4
1
4,1
26
7
,76
9
6,3
57
To
tal
Pe
mil
ik y
an
g b
ek
erj
a d
an
pe
ke
rja
ke
lua
rga
tid
ak
b
erg
aji
24
2,5
47
65
,75
1
17
6,7
96
Wo
rkin
g p
rop
rie
tors
an
d u
np
aid
fa
mily
wo
rke
rs
Pe
ke
rja
be
rga
ji (
se
pe
nu
h m
as
a)
57
6,4
62
2
98
,53
6
27
7,9
26
13
,77
2
7,6
23
6
,14
8
Pa
id e
mp
loye
es (
full-
tim
e)
Pe
ng
uru
s,
Pro
fes
ion
al
da
n P
en
ye
lid
ik
84
,72
2
3
9,7
77
44
,94
5
4,4
15
2
,31
8
2,0
97
Ma
na
ge
rs,
Pro
fessio
na
ls a
nd
Re
se
arc
he
rs
Ju
rute
kn
ik d
an
Pro
fes
ion
al
Be
rse
ku
tu
34
,80
8
2
5,7
07
9
,10
1
1,1
88
8
96
2
92
Te
ch
nic
ian
s a
nd
Asso
cia
te P
rofe
ssio
na
ls
Pe
ke
rja
So
ko
ng
an
Pe
rke
ran
ian
1
06
,37
5
3
0,2
51
76
,12
4
2,4
07
6
89
1
,71
8
Cle
rica
l S
up
po
rt W
ork
ers
Pe
ke
rja
Pe
rkh
idm
ata
n d
an
Ju
ala
n
6
7,4
41
21
,18
3
4
6,2
58
1
,01
7
36
2
65
5
Se
rvic
e a
nd
Sa
les W
ork
ers
Pe
ke
rja
Ma
hir
Pe
rta
nia
n,
Pe
rhu
tan
an
, P
en
tern
ak
an
da
n
Pe
rik
an
an
2
8,4
98
24
,56
2
3,9
36
4
89
4
31
59
Ag
ricu
ltu
ral, F
ore
str
y,
Liv
esto
ck a
nd
Fis
he
rie
s S
kill
Wo
rke
rs
Pe
ke
rja
Ke
ma
hir
an
da
n P
ek
erj
a P
ert
uk
an
ga
n y
an
g b
erk
ait
an
64
,80
8
5
3,3
46
11
,46
2
1,3
08
1
,10
7
20
1
Cra
ft a
nd
Re
late
d T
rad
es W
ork
ers
Op
era
tor
Me
sin
da
n L
oji,
da
n P
em
as
an
g
5
1,6
42
36
,80
2
1
4,8
40
1
,00
2
75
1
25
1
Pla
nt
an
d M
ach
ine
Op
era
tors
an
d A
sse
mb
lers
Pe
ke
rja
As
as
1
38
,16
8
6
6,9
08
71
,26
0
1,9
45
1
,07
0
87
5
Ele
me
nta
ry O
ccu
pa
tio
ns
Pe
ke
rja
be
rga
ji (
sa
mb
ila
n)
3
4,5
50
13
,76
8
2
0,7
82
3
54
1
46
2
09
Pa
id e
mp
loye
es (
pa
rt-t
ime
)
(RM
Ju
ta
Mill
ion
)
Ja
du
al
A1
2 :
Bil
an
ga
n p
ek
erj
a d
an
ga
ji &
up
ah
pe
rtu
bu
ha
n m
ilik
an
wa
nit
a m
en
gik
ut
ka
teg
ori
pe
ke
rja
da
n ja
nti
na
, 2
01
5
Ta
ble
A1
2 :
Nu
mb
er
of
pe
rso
ns e
ng
ag
ed
an
d s
ala
rie
s &
wa
ge
s in
wo
me
n-o
wn
ed
esta
blis
hm
en
ts b
y c
ate
go
ry o
f w
ork
ers
an
d s
ex,
20
15
Bil
an
ga
n p
ek
erj
aG
aji &
up
ah
ya
ng
dib
aya
r
Nu
mb
er
of
pe
rso
ns e
ng
ag
ed
Sa
larie
s &
wa
ge
s p
aid
Se
kto
r
Se
cto
r
Ju
mla
h
To
tal
Pe
mil
ik y
an
g b
ek
erj
a &
pe
ke
rja
ke
lua
rga
ta
np
a g
aji
Wo
rkin
g p
rop
rie
tors
& u
np
aid
fam
ily w
ork
ers
Pe
ke
rja
se
pe
nu
h m
as
a
Fu
ll-tim
e e
mp
loye
es
Pe
ke
rja
sa
mb
ila
n
Pa
rt-t
ime
em
plo
ye
es
Bil
an
ga
n
Nu
mb
er
Bil
an
ga
n
Nu
mb
er
Bil
an
ga
n
Nu
mb
er
Bil
an
ga
n
Nu
mb
er
(RM
Ju
ta
Mill
ion
)
Ju
mla
h
8
53
,55
9
2
42
,54
7
5
76
,46
2
34
,55
0
14
,12
6
To
tal
Pe
rta
nia
n
39
,84
0
8
79
3
8,0
88
87
3
7
38
Ag
ricu
ltu
re
Pe
rlo
mb
on
ga
n &
pe
ng
ku
ari
an
21
8
8
20
5
5
5
Min
ing
& q
ua
rryin
g
Pe
mb
ua
tan
8
6,0
51
1
0,1
14
7
3,5
45
2,3
92
1,9
92
Ma
nu
factu
rin
g
Pe
mb
ina
an
5
6,8
22
2,2
00
5
4,2
87
33
5
1
,31
9
Co
nstr
uctio
n
Pe
rkh
idm
ata
n
6
70
,62
8
2
29
,34
6
4
10
,33
7
30
,94
5
10
,07
2
Se
rvic
es
Ja
du
al
A1
3 :
Bil
an
ga
n p
ek
erj
a d
an
ga
ji &
up
ah
pe
rtu
bu
ha
n m
ilik
an
wa
nit
a m
en
gik
ut
se
kto
r, 2
01
5
Ta
ble
A1
3:
Nu
mb
er
of
pe
rso
ns e
ng
ag
ed
an
d s
ala
rie
s &
wa
ge
s in
wo
me
n-o
wn
ed
esta
blis
hm
en
ts b
y s
ecto
r, 2
01
5
Ju
mla
h p
ek
erj
a p
ad
a b
ula
n D
ise
mb
er
ata
u p
ad
a t
em
po
h g
aji a
kh
ir
To
tal n
um
be
r o
f p
ers
on
s e
ng
ag
ed
du
rin
g D
ece
mb
er
or
the
la
st
pa
y p
erio
d
Ga
ji &
up
ah
ya
ng
dib
aya
r
Sa
larie
s &
wa
ge
s p
aid
Ka
teg
ori
pe
ke
rja
Ca
teg
ory
of
wo
rke
rs
Ju
mla
h
To
tal
Le
lak
iP
ere
mp
ua
nL
ela
ki
Pe
rem
pu
an
Ma
leF
em
ale
Ma
leF
em
ale
Ju
mla
h
85
3,5
59
31
4,6
74
46
0,4
67
6
3,3
81
1
5,0
37
To
tal
Pe
mil
ik y
an
g b
ek
erj
a d
an
pe
ke
rja
ke
lua
rga
tid
ak
b
erg
aji
2
42
,54
7
65
,09
0
1
76
,53
8
6
61
25
8
Wo
rkin
g p
rop
rie
tors
an
d u
np
aid
fa
mily
wo
rke
rs
Pe
ke
rja
be
rga
ji (
se
pe
nu
h m
as
a)
5
76
,46
2
2
36
,74
0
2
63
,82
8
61
,79
6
14
,09
8
Pa
id e
mp
loye
es (
full-
tim
e)
Pe
ng
uru
s,
Pro
fes
ion
al
da
n P
en
ye
lid
ik
8
4,7
22
3
9,4
40
4
4,7
70
33
7
1
75
Ma
na
ge
rs,
Pro
fessio
na
ls a
nd
Re
se
arc
he
rs
Ju
rute
kn
ik d
an
Pro
fes
ion
al
Be
rse
ku
tu
3
4,8
08
2
5,3
11
9,0
65
39
6
36
Te
ch
nic
ian
s a
nd
Asso
cia
te P
rofe
ssio
na
ls
Pe
ke
rja
So
ko
ng
an
Pe
rke
ran
ian
1
06
,37
5
29
,27
4
75
,23
3
9
77
89
1
Cle
rica
l S
up
po
rt W
ork
ers
Pe
ke
rja
Pe
rkh
idm
ata
n d
an
Ju
ala
n
6
7,4
41
1
9,6
44
4
4,4
34
1,5
39
1,8
24
Se
rvic
e a
nd
Sa
les W
ork
ers
Pe
ke
rja
Ma
hir
Pe
rta
nia
n,
Pe
rhu
tan
an
, P
en
tern
ak
an
da
n P
eri
ka
na
n
2
8,4
98
7,9
33
1,1
33
1
6,6
29
2,8
03
Ag
ricu
ltu
ral, F
ore
str
y,
Liv
esto
ck a
nd
Fis
he
rie
s S
kill
Wo
rke
rs
Pe
ke
rja
Ke
ma
hir
an
da
n P
ek
erj
a P
ert
uk
an
ga
n y
an
g b
erk
ait
an
64
,80
8
33
,74
8
10
,98
9
19
,59
8
4
73
Cra
ft a
nd
Re
late
d T
rad
es W
ork
ers
Op
era
tor
Me
sin
da
n L
oji,
da
n P
em
as
an
g
5
1,6
42
2
3,0
74
1
1,4
44
1
3,7
28
3,3
96
Pla
nt
an
d M
ach
ine
Op
era
tors
an
d A
sse
mb
lers
Pe
ke
rja
As
as
1
38
,16
8
58
,31
6
66
,76
0
8
,59
2
4
,50
0
Ele
me
nta
ry O
ccu
pa
tio
ns
Pe
ke
rja
be
rga
ji (
sa
mb
ila
n)
34
,55
0
12
,84
4
20
,10
1
9
24
68
1
Pa
id e
mp
loye
es (
pa
rt-t
ime
)
Citiz
en
No
n-c
itiz
en
Ja
du
al
A1
4 :
Bil
an
ga
n p
ek
erj
a p
ert
ub
uh
an
mil
ika
n w
an
ita
me
ng
iku
t k
ate
go
ri p
ek
erj
a d
an
ke
wa
rga
ne
ga
raa
n,
20
15
Ta
ble
A1
4 :
Nu
mb
er
of
pe
rso
ns e
ng
ag
ed
in
wo
me
n-o
wn
ed
esta
blis
hm
en
ts b
y c
ate
go
ry o
f w
ork
ers
an
d c
itiz
en
sh
ip,
20
15
Bil
an
ga
n p
ek
erj
a p
ad
a b
ula
n D
ise
mb
er
Nu
mb
er
of
pe
rso
ns e
ng
ag
ed
du
rin
g D
ece
mb
er
or
the
la
st
pa
y p
erio
d
Wa
rga
ne
ga
raB
uk
an
Wa
rga
ne
ga
ra
Se
kto
r
Se
cto
r
Bil
an
ga
n p
ek
erj
aG
aji &
up
ah
ya
ng
dib
aya
r
Bil
an
ga
n p
ek
erj
aG
aji &
up
ah
ya
ng
dib
aya
r
Bil
an
ga
n p
ek
erj
aG
aji &
up
ah
ya
ng
dib
aya
r
Bil
an
ga
n p
ek
erj
aG
aji &
up
ah
ya
ng
dib
aya
r
Nu
mb
er
of
pe
rso
ns
en
ga
ge
d
Sa
larie
s &
wa
ge
s
pa
id
Nu
mb
er
of
pe
rso
ns
en
ga
ge
d
Sa
larie
s &
wa
ge
s
pa
id
Nu
mb
er
of
pe
rso
ns
en
ga
ge
d
Sa
larie
s &
wa
ge
s
pa
id
Nu
mb
er
of
pe
rso
ns
en
ga
ge
d
Sa
larie
s &
wa
ge
s
pa
id
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
Ju
mla
h
57
6,4
62
13
,77
0
11
9,4
39
5
,60
1
31
8,7
64
6
,22
4
13
8,2
59
1
,94
5
To
tal
Pe
rta
nia
n
3
8,0
88
7
31
3
,38
8
13
4
3
2,3
80
5
67
2
,32
0
2
9
Ag
ricu
ltu
re
Pe
rlo
mb
on
ga
n &
pe
ng
ku
ari
an
2
05
5
47
2
1
34
3
24
0
.4
Min
ing
& q
ua
rryin
g
Pe
mb
ua
tan
73
,54
5
1,9
62
9
,33
0
74
3
5
4,8
75
1
,06
3
9,3
40
1
55
Ma
nu
factu
rin
g
Pe
mb
ina
an
54
,28
7
1,3
15
5
,56
0
30
5
4
7,0
40
9
80
1
,68
7
3
0
Co
nstr
uctio
n
Pe
rkh
idm
ata
n
41
0,3
37
9
,75
6
10
1,1
14
4
,41
6
18
4,3
35
3
,61
1
12
4,8
88
1
,72
9
Se
rvic
es
* T
erm
as
uk
pe
ng
uru
sa
n &
pro
fes
ion
al
da
n ju
rute
kn
ik &
pro
fes
ion
al
be
rse
ku
tu/I
nclu
de
s m
an
ag
ers
& p
rofe
ssio
na
ls a
nd
te
ch
nic
ian
s &
asso
cia
te p
rofe
ssio
na
ls
Inclu
de
s c
lerica
l su
pp
ort
wo
rke
rs,
se
rvic
e &
sa
les w
ork
ers
, cra
ft &
re
late
d t
rad
es w
ork
ers
an
d p
lan
t &
ma
ch
ine
op
era
tors
& a
sse
mb
lers
***
Te
rma
su
k p
ek
erj
a a
sa
s/
Inclu
de
s e
lem
en
tary
wo
rke
rs
** T
erm
as
uk
pe
ke
rja
so
ko
ng
an
pe
rke
ran
ian
, p
ek
erj
a p
erk
hid
ma
tan
& ju
ala
n,
pe
ke
rja
ke
ma
hir
an
& p
ek
erj
a p
ert
uk
an
ga
n y
an
g b
erk
ait
an
da
n o
pe
rato
r m
es
in &
lo
ji p
em
as
an
ga
n
Ju
mla
h
To
tal
Ja
du
al
A1
5 :
Bil
an
ga
n p
ek
erj
a p
ert
ub
uh
an
mil
ika
n w
an
ita
me
ng
iku
t s
ek
tor
da
n k
ate
go
ri k
em
ah
ira
n,
20
15
Ta
ble
A1
5 :
Nu
mb
er
of
pe
rso
ns e
ng
ag
ed
in
wo
me
n-o
wn
ed
esta
blis
hm
en
ts b
y s
ecto
r a
nd
ca
teg
ory
of
skill
s,
20
15
Ma
hir
/ S
kill
ed
*S
ep
aru
h m
ah
ir/
Se
mi-S
kill
ed
**K
ura
ng
ma
hir
/ L
ow
-Skill
ed
***
Ke
lulu
sa
n
Qu
alif
ica
tio
n
Ju
mla
h
To
tal
Pe
rta
nia
n
Ag
ricu
ltu
re
Pe
rlo
mb
on
ga
n &
pe
ng
ku
ari
an
Min
ing
& q
ua
rryin
g
Pe
mb
ua
tan
Ma
nu
factu
rin
g
Pe
mb
ina
an
Co
nstr
uctio
n
Pe
rkh
idm
ata
n
Se
rvic
es
Ju
mla
h
8
53
,55
9
3
9,8
40
2
18
86
,05
1
5
6,8
22
6
70
,62
8
To
tal
Pa
sc
as
isw
aza
h
Po
stg
rad
ua
te
6,3
83
93
4
2
41
1
84
5
,86
1
Ija
za
h s
arj
an
a m
ud
a/D
iplo
ma
la
nju
tan
ata
u s
eta
raf
Ba
ch
elo
r/A
dva
nce
s d
iplo
ma
or
eq
uiv
ale
nt
6
6,1
16
9
26
17
4
,13
1
2,6
94
58
,34
8
Dip
lom
a
Dip
lom
a
8
1,8
13
1
,36
1
2
8
5,5
51
3
,66
8
7
1,2
05
ST
PM
ata
u y
an
g s
eta
raf
ST
PM
or
eq
uiv
ale
nt
34
,50
9
6
90
9
2
,65
5
1,2
36
29
,91
9
Sijil
Ce
rtific
ate
56
,24
0
89
8
1
0
6,6
18
6
,44
5
4
2,2
69
SP
M/S
PM
(V)
ata
u y
an
g s
eta
raf
SP
M/S
PM
(V)
or
eq
uiv
ale
nt
41
7,2
01
31
,90
9
11
0
3
8,3
05
17
,22
6
32
9,6
51
Di
ba
wa
h t
ara
f k
elu
lus
an
SP
M/S
PM
(V)
Be
low
SP
M/S
PM
(V)
qu
alif
ica
tio
n
19
1,2
97
3
,96
3
4
0
2
8,5
50
25
,36
9
13
3,3
75
Ja
du
al
A1
6 :
Bil
an
ga
n p
ek
erj
a p
ert
ub
uh
an
mil
ika
n w
an
ita
me
ng
iku
t k
elu
lus
an
da
n s
ek
tor,
20
15
Ta
ble
A1
6 :
Nu
mb
er
of
pe
rso
ns e
ng
ag
ed
in
wo
me
n-o
wn
ed
esta
blis
hm
en
ts b
y q
ua
lific
atio
n a
nd
se
cto
r, 2
01
5
* M
eru
juk
ke
pa
da
ke
lulu
sa
n d
ala
m p
en
gk
hu
su
sa
n T
ek
no
log
i ya
ng
dip
ero
leh
i d
ari
pa
da
Ra
ng
ka
ian
Un
ive
rsit
i T
ek
nik
al
Ma
lays
ia (
MT
UN
)
R
efe
rs t
o q
ua
lific
atio
n s
pe
cia
lise
d in
Te
ch
no
log
y o
bta
ine
d f
rom
Ma
laysia
n T
ech
nic
al U
niv
ers
ity N
etw
ork
(M
TU
N)
Se
kto
r
Se
cto
r
Pe
rbe
lan
jaa
n m
od
al
Ca
pita
l e
xp
en
ditu
re
Pe
lup
us
an
Dis
po
sa
l
Su
su
t n
ila
i s
em
as
a
Cu
rre
nt
de
pre
cia
tio
n
Nil
ai
ha
rta
te
tap
ya
ng
dim
ilik
i
pa
da
ak
hir
ta
hu
n
Va
lue
fix
ed
asse
ts o
wn
ed
as a
t
the
en
d o
f ye
ar
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
Ju
mla
h4
,57
8
17
2
1,8
05
3
7,8
59
To
tal
Pe
rta
nia
n3
10
6
5
2
58
8
,73
9
Ag
ricu
ltu
re
Pe
rlo
mb
on
ga
n &
pe
ng
ku
ari
an
1
0.4
3
2
3
Min
ing
& q
ua
rryin
g
Pe
mb
ua
tan
55
6
49
44
5
5,4
70
Ma
nu
factu
rin
g
Pe
mb
ina
an
19
3
4
10
1
85
8
Co
nstr
uctio
n
Pe
rkh
idm
ata
n3
,51
7
54
99
8
22
,76
8
Se
rvic
es
Ja
du
al
A1
7 :
Nil
ai
ha
rta
te
tap
pe
rtu
bu
ha
n m
ilik
an
wa
nit
a m
en
gik
ut
se
kto
r, 2
01
5
Ta
ble
A1
7 :
Va
lue
of
fixe
d a
sse
ts o
f w
om
en
-ow
ne
d e
sta
blis
hm
en
ts b
y s
ecto
r, 2
01
5
Sa
iz
Siz
e
Bil
an
ga
n p
ert
ub
uh
an
Nu
mb
er
of
esta
blis
hm
en
ts
Nil
ai
ou
tpu
t k
as
ar
Va
lue
of
gro
ss o
utp
ut
Nil
ai
inp
ut
pe
ran
tara
an
Va
lue
of
inte
rme
dia
te
inp
ut
Nil
ai
dit
am
ba
h
Va
lue
ad
de
d
Ju
mla
h p
ek
erj
a p
ad
a
bu
lan
Dis
em
be
r a
tau
pa
da
te
mp
oh
ga
ji a
kh
ir
To
tal
nu
mb
er
of
pe
rso
ns
en
ga
ge
d d
urin
g
De
ce
mb
er
or
the
la
st
pa
y p
erio
d
Ga
ji &
up
ah
ya
ng
dib
aya
r
Sa
larie
s &
wa
ge
s p
aid
Nil
ai
ha
rta
te
tap
ya
ng
dim
ilik
i p
ad
a a
kh
ir
tah
un
Va
lue
of
fixe
d a
sse
ts
ow
ne
d a
s a
t th
e e
nd
of
the
ye
ar
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
Ju
mla
h1
86
,93
0
69
,21
3
3
5,7
48
33
,46
6
7
81
,43
8
11
,85
9
3
1,3
40
To
tal
Pe
rta
nia
n
1,4
98
3
,01
2
1,3
84
1
,62
8
29
,61
2
5
36
6
,91
9
Ag
ricu
ltu
re
Pe
rlo
mb
on
ga
n &
pe
ng
ku
ari
an
2
0
2
8
1
3
1
4
2
18
5
2
3
Min
ing
& q
ua
rryin
g
Pe
mb
ua
tan
9
,51
9
11
,01
1
8
,21
2
2,7
99
6
8,4
26
1,3
32
3
,64
9
Ma
nu
factu
rin
g
Pe
mb
ina
an
2
,57
0
3,8
57
2
,49
5
1,3
62
3
7,5
36
78
1
60
5
Co
nstr
uctio
n
Pe
rkh
idm
ata
n1
73
,32
3
51
,30
4
2
3,6
44
27
,66
2
6
45
,64
6
9,2
04
2
0,1
42
Se
rvic
es
Ja
du
al
A1
8 :
Pe
ran
gk
aa
n u
tam
a p
ert
ub
uh
an
mil
ika
n w
an
ita
PK
S m
en
gik
ut
se
kto
r, 2
01
5
Ta
ble
A1
8:
Prin
cip
al sta
tistics o
f w
om
en
-ow
ne
d e
sta
blis
hm
en
ts S
ME
s b
y s
ecto
r, 2
01
5
JADUAL B: JADUAL
TAMBAHAN
TABLES B: ADDITIONAL
TABLE
BAHAGIAN 4
PART 4
Muka surat ini sengaja dibiarkan kosong
This page is deliberately left blank
Se
kto
r/ S
ub
se
kto
r
Se
cto
r/ S
ub
-se
cto
r
Pe
ng
gu
na
an
ko
mp
ute
r d
ala
m p
ern
iag
aa
n
ICT
usa
ge
in
bu
sin
ess
Pe
ng
gu
na
an
in
tern
et
da
lam
pe
rnia
ga
an
Inte
rne
t u
sa
ge
in
bu
sin
ess
Pe
ng
gu
na
an
we
b p
res
en
ce
da
lam
pe
rnia
ga
an
We
b p
rese
nce
usa
ge
in
bu
sin
ess
%%
%
Ju
mla
h
To
tal
56
.3
4
1.1
14
.7
Pe
rta
nia
n
Ag
ricu
ltu
re
68
.4
48
.2
5
.8
Pe
rlo
mb
on
ga
n d
an
Pe
ng
ku
ari
an
Min
ing
an
d Q
ua
rryin
g
75
.0
50
.0
15
.0
Pe
mb
ua
tan
Ma
nu
factu
rin
g
89
.3
85
.7
14
.7
Pe
mb
ina
an
Co
nstr
uctio
n
66
.6
60
.1
9
.8
Pe
rkh
idm
ata
n
Se
rvic
es
54
.2
38
.3
14
.8
Uti
liti
Utilit
ies
71
.6
67
.2
6
.0
Pe
rda
ga
ng
an
Bo
ron
g d
an
Ru
nc
it
Wh
ole
sa
le a
nd
Re
tail
Tra
de
66
.0
49
.5
24
.1
Pe
ng
an
gk
uta
n d
an
Pe
nyim
pa
na
n
Tra
nsp
ort
atio
n a
nd
Sto
rag
e
33
.8
33
.5
23
.9
Pe
ng
ina
pa
n
Acco
mm
od
atio
n
82
.0
63
.4
22
.7
Ma
ka
na
n d
an
Min
um
an
Fo
od
an
d B
eve
rag
es
27
.1
11
.0
2
.0
Ma
klu
ma
t d
an
Ko
mu
nik
as
i
Info
rma
tio
n a
nd
Co
mm
un
ica
tio
n
1
00
.0
1
00
.0
88
.5
Ke
wa
ng
an
da
n I
ns
ura
ns
/Ta
ka
ful
Fin
an
cia
l a
nd
In
su
ran
ce
/Ta
ka
ful
1
00
.0
1
00
.0
7
.5
Ja
du
al
B1
: P
en
gg
un
aa
n k
om
pu
ter,
in
tern
et
da
n w
eb
pre
se
nc
e m
en
gik
ut
se
kto
r/ s
ub
se
kto
r b
ag
i p
ert
ub
uh
an
mil
ika
n w
an
ita
, 2
01
5
Ta
ble
B1
: U
sa
ge
of
co
mp
ute
r, in
tern
et
an
d w
eb
pre
se
nce
by s
ecto
r/ s
ub
-se
cto
r fo
r w
om
en
-ow
ne
d e
sta
blis
hm
en
ts,
20
15
Se
kto
r/ S
ub
se
kto
r
Se
cto
r/ S
ub
-se
cto
r
Pe
ng
gu
na
an
ko
mp
ute
r d
ala
m p
ern
iag
aa
n
ICT
usa
ge
in
bu
sin
ess
Pe
ng
gu
na
an
in
tern
et
da
lam
pe
rnia
ga
an
Inte
rne
t u
sa
ge
in
bu
sin
ess
Pe
ng
gu
na
an
we
b p
res
en
ce
da
lam
pe
rnia
ga
an
We
b p
rese
nce
usa
ge
in
bu
sin
ess
%%
%
Ha
rta
na
h
Re
al E
sta
te
99
.3
98
.8
12
.6
Pro
fes
ion
al,
Sa
inti
fik
da
n T
ek
nik
al
Pro
fessio
na
l, S
cie
ntific a
nd
Te
ch
nic
al
97
.9
92
.9
16
.5
Pe
nta
db
ira
n d
an
Kh
idm
at
So
ko
ng
an
Ad
min
istr
ative
an
d S
up
po
rt S
erv
ice
81
.6
71
.7
10
.7
Pe
nd
idik
an
Ed
uca
tio
n
82
.8
68
.9
10
.1
Ke
sih
ata
n K
em
an
us
iaa
n d
an
Ke
rja
So
sia
l
Hu
ma
n H
ea
lth
an
d S
ocia
l W
ork
73
.8
60
.0
10
.3
Ke
se
nia
n,
Hib
ura
n d
an
Re
kre
as
i
Art
, E
nte
rta
inm
en
t a
nd
Re
cre
atio
n
84
.1
76
.7
11
.0
Pe
rkh
idm
ata
n L
ain
Oth
er
Se
rvic
es
55
.4
31
.8
10
.2
Ja
du
al
B1
: P
en
gg
un
aa
n k
om
pu
ter,
in
tern
et
da
n w
eb
pre
se
nc
e m
en
gik
ut
se
kto
r/ s
ub
se
kto
r b
ag
i p
ert
ub
uh
an
mil
ika
n w
an
ita
, 2
01
5 (
sa
mb
.)
Ta
ble
B1
: U
sa
ge
of
co
mp
ute
r, in
tern
et
an
d w
eb
pre
se
nce
by s
ecto
r/ s
ub
-se
cto
r fo
r w
om
en
-ow
ne
d e
sta
blis
hm
en
ts,
20
15
(co
nt.
)
Pe
nd
ap
ata
n
Pe
rbe
lan
jaa
n
Inco
me
Exp
en
ditu
re
(RM
'0
00
)(R
M '0
00
)
Ju
mla
h
To
tal
5
,51
0
6,5
83
,70
5
2,3
33
,58
9
Pe
rta
nia
n
Ag
ricu
ltu
re
7
3,4
56
14
4
Pe
rlo
mb
on
ga
n d
an
Pe
ng
ku
ari
an
Min
ing
an
d Q
ua
rryin
g
-
-
-
Pe
mb
ua
tan
Ma
nu
factu
rin
g
1
60
2
,47
4,1
88
1
,24
2,0
81
Pe
mb
ina
an
Co
nstr
uctio
n
19
3,8
24
2,7
73
Pe
rkh
idm
ata
n
Se
rvic
es
5
,32
4
4,1
02
,23
7
1,0
88
,59
2
Uti
liti
Utilit
ies
-
-
-
Pe
rda
ga
ng
an
Bo
ron
g d
an
Ru
nc
it
Wh
ole
sa
le a
nd
Re
tail
Tra
de
4
,74
8
3,2
07
,40
7
8
53
,00
4
Pe
ng
an
gk
uta
n d
an
Pe
nyim
pa
na
n
Tra
nsp
ort
atio
n a
nd
Sto
rag
e
7
74
3
1
,68
0
Pe
ng
ina
pa
n
Acco
mm
od
atio
n
48
43
6,0
69
20
9,1
54
Ma
ka
na
n d
an
Min
um
an
Fo
od
an
d B
eve
rag
es
17
4,4
47
1,5
10
Ma
klu
ma
t d
an
Ko
mu
nik
as
i
Info
rma
tio
n a
nd
Co
mm
un
ica
tio
n
2
07
1
0,5
59
1,7
50
Ke
wa
ng
an
da
n I
ns
ura
ns
/Ta
ka
ful
Fin
an
cia
l a
nd
In
su
ran
ce
/Ta
ka
ful
2
5
8
13
Ja
du
al
B2
: P
en
da
pa
tan
da
n p
erb
ela
nja
an
e-D
ag
an
g p
ert
ub
uh
an
mil
ika
n w
an
ita
me
ng
iku
t s
ek
tor/
su
bs
ek
tor,
20
15
Ta
ble
B2
: In
co
me
an
d e
xp
en
ditu
re o
f e
-Co
mm
erc
e o
f w
om
en
-ow
ne
d e
sta
blis
hm
en
ts b
y s
ecto
r/ s
ub
-se
cto
r, 2
01
5
Se
kto
r/ S
ub
se
kto
r
Se
cto
r/ S
ub
-se
cto
r
Bil
an
ga
n p
ert
ub
uh
an
ya
ng
me
nja
lan
ka
n
tra
ns
ak
si
e-D
ag
an
g
Nu
mb
er
of
esta
blis
hm
en
t in
vo
lve
d in
e-C
om
me
rce
tra
nsa
ctio
n
Pe
nd
ap
ata
n
Pe
rbe
lan
jaa
n
Inco
me
Exp
en
ditu
re
(RM
'0
00
)(R
M '0
00
)
Ha
rta
na
h
Re
al E
sta
te
3
3,5
01
7
7
Pro
fes
ion
al,
Sa
inti
fik
da
n T
ek
nik
al
Pro
fessio
na
l, S
cie
ntific a
nd
Te
ch
nic
al
22
9,1
90
2,4
19
Pe
nta
db
ira
n d
an
Kh
idm
at
So
ko
ng
an
Ad
min
istr
ative
an
d S
up
po
rt S
erv
ice
36
39
4,4
40
1
2,4
98
Pe
nd
idik
an
Ed
uca
tio
n
1
75
2
2,3
09
4,6
36
Ke
sih
ata
n K
em
an
us
iaa
n d
an
Ke
rja
So
sia
l
Hu
ma
n H
ea
lth
an
d S
ocia
l W
ork
3
11
0
3
59
Ke
se
nia
n,
Hib
ura
n d
an
Re
kre
as
i
Art
, E
nte
rta
inm
en
t a
nd
Re
cre
atio
n
11
9,1
25
65
3
Pe
rkh
idm
ata
n L
ain
Oth
er
Se
rvic
es
45
4,2
79
83
8
Ja
du
al
B2
: P
en
da
pa
tan
da
n p
erb
ela
nja
an
e-D
ag
an
g p
ert
ub
uh
an
mil
ika
n w
an
ita
me
ng
iku
t s
ek
tor/
su
bs
ek
tor,
20
15
(s
am
b.)
Ta
ble
B2
: In
co
me
an
d e
xp
en
ditu
re o
f e
-Co
mm
erc
e o
f w
om
en
-ow
ne
d e
sta
blis
hm
en
ts b
y s
ecto
r/ s
ub
-se
cto
r, 2
01
5 (
co
nt.
)
Se
kto
r/ S
ub
se
kto
r
Se
cto
r/ S
ub
-se
cto
r
Bil
an
ga
n p
ert
ub
uh
an
ya
ng
me
nja
lan
ka
n
tra
ns
ak
si
e-D
ag
an
g
Nu
mb
er
of
esta
blis
hm
en
t in
vo
lve
d in
e-C
om
me
rce
tra
nsa
ctio
n
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
Ju
mla
h/
To
tal
6,5
83
,70
5
5,9
89
,46
6
5
94
,23
9
Pe
rta
nia
n
Ag
ricu
ltu
re
3
,45
6
3
,45
6
-
Pe
rlo
mb
on
ga
n d
an
Pe
ng
ku
ari
an
Min
ing
an
d Q
ua
rryin
g
-
-
-
Pe
mb
ua
tan
Ma
nu
factu
rin
g
2,4
74
,18
9
2,4
68
,33
9
5,8
49
Pe
mb
ina
an
Co
nstr
uctio
n
3
,82
4
3
,82
4
-
Pe
rkh
idm
ata
n
Se
rvic
es
4,1
02
,23
7
3,5
13
,84
7
5
88
,39
0
Uti
liti
Utilit
ies
-
-
-
Pe
rda
ga
ng
an
Bo
ron
g d
an
Ru
nc
it
Wh
ole
sa
le a
nd
Re
tail
Tra
de
3,2
07
,40
7
2,8
55
,95
2
35
1,4
55
Pe
ng
an
gk
uta
n d
an
Pe
nyim
pa
na
n
Tra
nsp
ort
atio
n a
nd
Sto
rag
e
7
43
74
3
-
Pe
ng
ina
pa
n
Acco
mm
od
atio
n
4
36
,06
9
2
02
,70
8
23
3,3
61
Ma
ka
na
n d
an
Min
um
an
Fo
od
an
d B
eve
rag
es
4
,44
7
4
,44
7
-
Ma
klu
ma
t d
an
Ko
mu
nik
as
i
Info
rma
tio
n a
nd
Co
mm
un
ica
tio
n
10
,55
9
10
,52
4
35
Ke
wa
ng
an
da
n I
ns
ura
ns
/Ta
ka
ful
Fin
an
cia
l a
nd
In
su
ran
ce
/Ta
ka
ful
58
5
8
-
Ja
du
al
B3
: P
en
da
pa
tan
e-D
ag
an
g p
ert
ub
uh
an
mil
ika
n w
an
ita
me
ng
iku
t je
nis
pa
sa
ran
da
n s
ek
tor/
su
bs
ek
tor,
20
15
Ta
ble
B3
: In
co
me
of
e-C
om
me
rce
of
wo
me
n-o
wn
ed
esta
blis
hm
en
ts b
y t
yp
e o
f m
ark
et
an
d s
ecto
r/ s
ub
-se
cto
r, 2
01
5
Se
kto
r/ S
ub
se
kto
r
Se
cto
r/ S
ub
-se
cto
r
Ju
mla
h
To
tal
Te
mp
ata
n
Do
me
stic
An
tara
ba
ng
sa
Inte
rna
tio
na
l
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
(RM
ju
ta
mill
ion
)
Ha
rta
na
h
Re
al E
sta
te
3
,50
1
3
,50
1
-
Pro
fes
ion
al,
Sa
inti
fik
da
n T
ek
nik
al
Pro
fessio
na
l, S
cie
ntific a
nd
Te
ch
nic
al
9
,19
0
9
,19
0
-
Pe
nta
db
ira
n d
an
Kh
idm
at
So
ko
ng
an
Ad
min
istr
ative
an
d S
up
po
rt S
erv
ice
3
94
,44
0
3
92
,04
0
2,4
00
Pe
nd
idik
an
Ed
uca
tio
n
22
,30
9
22
,25
7
52
Ke
sih
ata
n K
em
an
us
iaa
n d
an
Ke
rja
So
sia
l
Hu
ma
n H
ea
lth
an
d S
ocia
l W
ork
1
10
7
7
33
Ke
se
nia
n,
Hib
ura
n d
an
Re
kre
as
i
Art
, E
nte
rta
inm
en
t a
nd
Re
cre
atio
n
9
,12
5
8
,11
5
1,0
10
Pe
rkh
idm
ata
n L
ain
Oth
er
Se
rvic
es
4
,27
9
4
,23
6
44
Ja
du
al
B3
: P
en
da
pa
tan
e-D
ag
an
g p
ert
ub
uh
an
mil
ika
n w
an
ita
me
ng
iku
t je
nis
pa
sa
ran
da
n s
ek
tor/
su
bs
ek
tor,
20
15
(s
am
b.)
Ta
ble
B3
: In
co
me
of
e-C
om
me
rce
of
wo
me
n-o
wn
ed
esta
blis
hm
en
ts b
y t
yp
e o
f m
ark
et
an
d s
ecto
r/ s
ub
-se
cto
r, 2
01
5 (
co
nt.
)
Se
kto
r/ S
ub
se
kto
r
Se
cto
r/ S
ub
-se
cto
r
Ju
mla
h
To
tal
Te
mp
ata
n
Do
me
stic
An
tara
ba
ng
sa
Inte
rna
tio
na
l
Se
kto
r
Se
cto
r
Ju
mla
h
To
tal
Bil
an
ga
n
Nu
mb
er
%(R
M'0
00
)(R
M'0
00
)%
(RM
'00
0)
%
Ju
mla
h
To
tal
86
11
00
.02
8,7
40
7,6
50
26
.62
1,0
90
73
.4
Pe
rta
nia
n
Ag
ricu
ltu
re4
35
.0
1
,70
5
17
1
10
.01
,53
4
9
0.0
Pe
rlo
mb
on
ga
n &
pe
ng
ku
ari
an
Min
ing
& q
ua
rryin
g3
0
.3
15
8
-
-
15
8
10
0.0
Pe
mb
ua
tan
Ma
nu
factu
rin
g8
7
1
0.1
1
4,9
82
6
,06
4
4
0.5
8,9
18
59
.5
Pe
mb
ina
an
Co
nstr
uctio
n7
2
8
.4
3
,39
1
87
5
25
.82
,51
6
7
4.2
Pe
rkh
idm
ata
n
Se
rvic
es
65
6
76
.2
8
,50
5
54
1
6.4
7,9
64
93
.6
Ja
du
al
B4
: B
ila
ng
an
pe
rtu
bu
ha
n m
ilik
an
wa
nit
a d
an
pe
ca
ha
n p
erb
ela
nja
an
pe
rlin
du
ng
an
ala
m s
ek
ita
r m
en
gik
ut
se
kto
r, 2
01
5
Ta
ble
B4
: N
um
be
r o
f w
om
en
-ow
ne
d e
sta
blis
hm
en
ts a
nd
sh
are
of
en
viro
nm
en
tal p
rote
ctio
n e
xp
en
ditu
re b
y s
ecto
r, 2
01
5
Pe
rtu
bu
ha
n y
an
g m
em
pu
nya
i
pe
rbe
lan
jaa
n p
erl
ind
un
ga
n a
lam
se
kit
ar
Esta
blis
hm
en
ts w
ith
en
viro
nm
en
tal
pro
tectio
n e
xp
en
ditu
re
Pe
rbe
lan
jaa
n p
erl
ind
un
ga
n a
lam
se
kit
ar
En
viro
nm
en
tal p
rote
ctio
n e
xp
en
ditu
re
Pe
rbe
lan
jaa
n m
od
al
Ca
pita
l e
xp
en
ditu
re
Pe
rbe
lan
jaa
n o
pe
ras
i
Op
era
tin
g e
xp
en
ditu
re
Se
kto
r
Se
cto
r
Bil
an
ga
n p
ert
ub
uh
an
ya
ng
me
mp
un
ya
i p
erb
ela
nja
an
pe
rlin
du
ng
an
ala
m s
ek
ita
r
Nu
mb
er
of
esta
blis
hm
en
ts
with
en
viro
nm
en
tal p
rote
ctio
n
exp
en
ditu
re
Ju
mla
h
To
tal
ISO
14
00
1 s
ah
aja
ISO
14
00
1 o
nly
La
in-l
ain
sijil
an
tara
ba
ng
sa
Oth
er
inte
rna
tio
na
l
ce
rtific
atio
n
ISO
14
00
1
da
n l
ain
-la
in s
ijil
an
tara
ba
ng
sa
ISO
14
00
1
an
d o
the
r
inte
rna
tio
na
l
ce
rtific
atio
n
Ju
mla
h
To
tal
Pe
rta
nia
n
Ag
ricu
ltu
re
Pe
rlo
mb
on
ga
n &
pe
ng
ku
ari
an
Min
ing
& q
ua
rryin
g
Pe
mb
ua
tan
Ma
nu
factu
rin
g
Pe
mb
ina
an
Co
nstr
uctio
n
Pe
rkh
idm
ata
n
Se
rvic
es
52
Ja
du
al
B5
: B
ila
ng
an
pe
rtu
bu
ha
n m
ilik
an
wa
nit
a y
an
g m
em
pu
nya
i p
en
sijil
an
ala
m s
ek
ita
r m
en
gik
ut
se
kto
r, 2
01
5
Ta
ble
B5
: N
um
be
r o
f w
om
en
-ow
ne
d e
sta
blis
hm
en
ts w
ith
en
viro
nm
en
tal ce
rtific
atio
n b
y s
ecto
r, 2
01
5
Pe
rtu
bu
ha
n y
an
g m
em
pu
nya
i p
en
sijil
an
ala
m s
ek
ita
r
Esta
blis
hm
en
ts w
ith
en
viro
nm
en
tal ce
rtific
atio
n
3
-
-
-
-
43
5
2
3
-
86
12
72
0
72
5
3
11
87
1
4
12
1
1
65
6
3
3
-
-
Ju
mla
h
To
tal
Pe
rbe
lan
jaa
n b
ag
i
ak
tivit
i
pe
rlin
du
ng
an
ala
m s
ek
ita
r
En
viro
nm
en
tal
pro
tectio
n
activitie
s
exp
en
ditu
re
Pe
rbe
lan
jaa
n
pe
ng
uru
sa
n s
isa
Wa
ste
ma
na
ge
me
nt
exp
en
ditu
re
Pe
rbe
lan
jaa
n
pe
nil
aia
n &
au
dit
ala
m s
ek
ita
r d
an
ca
j a
lam
se
kit
ar
En
viro
nm
en
tal
asse
ssm
en
t &
au
dits a
nd
en
viro
nm
en
tal
ch
arg
es
exp
en
ditu
re
Pe
rbe
lan
jaa
n
pe
rlin
du
ng
an
&
pe
mu
lih
ara
an
hid
up
an
lia
r &
ha
bit
at
Pro
tectio
n &
co
nse
rva
tio
n o
f
wild
life
& h
ab
ita
t
exp
en
ditu
re
Pe
rbe
lan
jaa
n
lain
un
tuk
pe
rlin
du
ng
an
ala
m s
ek
ita
r
Oth
er
en
viro
nm
en
tal
pro
tectio
n
exp
en
ditu
re
(RM
'00
0)
(RM
'00
0)
(RM
'00
0)
(RM
'00
0)
(RM
'00
0)
(RM
'00
0)
Ju
mla
h
To
tal
Pe
rta
nia
n
Ag
ricu
ltu
re
Pe
rlo
mb
on
ga
n &
pe
ng
ku
ari
an
Min
ing
& q
ua
rryin
g
Pe
mb
ua
tan
Ma
nu
factu
rin
g
Pe
mb
ina
an
Co
nstr
uctio
n
Pe
rkh
idm
ata
n
Se
rvic
es
Ja
du
al
B6
: B
ila
ng
an
pe
rtu
bu
ha
n m
ilik
an
wa
nit
a d
an
je
nis
pe
rbe
lan
jaa
n p
erl
ind
un
ga
n a
lam
se
kit
ar
me
ng
iku
t s
ek
tor,
20
15
Ta
ble
B6
: N
um
be
r o
f w
om
en
-ow
ne
d e
sta
blis
hm
en
ts a
nd
typ
e o
f e
nviro
nm
en
tal p
rote
ctio
n e
xp
en
ditu
re b
y s
ecto
r, 2
01
5
Se
kto
r
Se
cto
r
Bil
an
ga
n p
ert
ub
uh
an
ya
ng
me
mp
un
ya
i p
erb
ela
nja
an
pe
rlin
du
ng
an
ala
m s
ek
ita
r
Nu
mb
er
of
esta
blis
hm
en
ts
with
en
viro
nm
en
tal p
rote
ctio
n
exp
en
ditu
re
Pe
rbe
lan
jaa
n p
erl
ind
un
ga
n a
lam
se
kit
ar
En
viro
nm
en
tal p
rote
ctio
n e
xp
en
ditu
re
42
32
8
43
1,7
05
81
0
7
48
62
-
85
86
12
8,7
40
14
,24
21
3,6
39
48
9
0
87
14
,98
2
9,7
26
4,9
73
20
3
4
2
38
3
15
8
9
7
22
3
8
-
50
65
6
8,5
05
1,5
58
6,7
04
89
-
15
4
72
3,3
91
2,0
52
1,1
92
97
-
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