malaria: a story of elimination
DESCRIPTION
ISGlobal has prepared this presentation to briefly explain what "tackling malaria from the perspective of elimination" means. The main points dealt with are: • Achievements to date and work that remains to be done • Difficulties associated with eliminating the last remaining infections and the advantages to be gained • Challenges that lie ahead • Tools needed • What “interrupting transmission” actually implies…TRANSCRIPT
Malaria a story of ELIMINATION
A partnership of:
T oday, we know some things about malaria...
We know the main culprits
parasites & mosquitoes...
Malaria parasites(genre: Plasmodium)
Female mosquitoes (genre: Anopheles)
We know how it’s transferred
to people...
Transmission of parasites via mosquito bite
and more…
and more people and more....
and more…
We know how to control it:
prevention
Insecticide treated bed nets
Indoor residual spraying
Drugs(prophylactic use)
vs mosquitoes vs vector-human contact
vs the parasite
Environmental interventions
Larvicides
We know how to control it:
Rapid Diagnostic Tests
Microscopy
&diagnosis treatment
ACTs(Artemisinin-based
Combination Therapies)
Other drugs
We know how far we’ve come...
Malaria endemic areas
1900
1946
Malaria endemic areas
1975
Malaria endemic areas
2002
Malaria endemic areas
2010
Malaria endemic areas
...and we know 97 countries still have
ongoing malaria transmission, although
United Arab Emirates
2007
Morocco & Turkmenistan
2010
Armenia
2011
4 have been certified by WHO as
in the past six years:
“MALARIA FREE”
We also knowjust how far we NEED to go:
In 2013Malaria
Killed an estimated
627,000People
with an estimated207
million
Currently
1/2of the world population lives in countries where transmission continues
cases
BURDENof
MALARIA
…and we must
face the daily
In Africa, the economic growth is hindered every year due to the costs associated to malaria
In some African countries the cost to prevent
and treat the disease may be up to 1/3 of the families total annual income
In countries like Tanzania, they spend nearly
40% of their entire health budgetto fight malaria
Resistance to Drugs
Resistance toInsecticides
EnvironmentalChanges
On top of ALL of this we face significant
CHALLENGES:
On top of ALL of this we face significant
CHALLENGES:
Risk of reintroduction & resurgence
Sustainingfunds
Sustaining political commitment & public
awareness
and most importantly:
oday’s malaria story is about
T
control & elimination,
and working together towards global eradication.
But available tools are not enough in some parts of the world…
- Joint statement of the Malaria Eradication Research Agenda (malERA) Initiative Leadership Council, January 2011.
“The dream of ending this scourge of humanity is within reach, but demands our BEST COLLECTIVE EFFORTS”
Malaria elimination means:
1. NO local transmission
2. ZERO infections in a defined-geographical area
Transmission of parasites
In other words, we need to
interrupt transmissionand eliminate all reservoirs
To achieve elimination, we must treat infections and prevent mosquitoes
from passing the parasites
means
= less than one new infection per existing infection
R 1<0
that one infection…
does not cause another…
…and another
BLOCKINGtransmission
Malaria elimination is strengthening R&D to develop new
ways of interrupting transmission
New insecticides New drugs that kill all stages of the parasite
life cycle
Vaccines that interrupt malaria transmission
...with these
NEW TOOLS & STRATEGIESwe aim to:
Drive down transmission and block it
Eliminate the very last infections
Keep infection rate at zero
malaria infection0
3 years with NO localmalaria transmission =
ELIMINATION
Elimination worldwide =
ERADICATION
Eradication =
LIBERATIONfrom malaria for all of humanity
For moreinformation:
www.isglobal.org