making the most out of ftir for condition monitoring3
TRANSCRIPT
F. R. VAN DE VOORTPROFESSOR EMERITUS
MCGILL UNIVERSITY.
MAKING THE MO$T OUT OF FTIR CONDITION
MONITORING OF LUBRICANTS
CHEMICAL OIL ANALYSIS
LUBRICANT QUALITY DATA IS USED AS AN EQUIPMENT RELIABILITY MANAGEMENT TOOL IN A WIDE RANGE OF INDUSTRIES
RANGES FROM TRUCK FLEET CRANKCASE OIL, HEAVY MACHINERY, TO GEAR BOX OIL, TRANSMISSION FLUIDS TO TRANSFORMER OILS
THE MOST TANGIBLE CHEMICAL LUBRICANT QUALITY INFORMATION COMES FROM KNOWING ITS ACID OR BASE NUMBER AS WELL AS ITS MOISTURE CONTENT
THIS INFORMATION IS NORMALLY DETERMINED USING WELL ESTABLISHED QUANTITATIVE ASTM POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATION PROCEDURES WHICH ARE TEDIOUS, REAGENT INTENSIVE AND EXPENSIVE TO CARRY OUT
QUANTITATIVE
ANBNH2O
FTIR SPECTROSCOPY
A KEY TOOL FOR LUBRICANT ANALYSIS IS FTIR SPECTROSCOPY IT CURRENTLY PLAYS A LARGELY QUALITATIVE
ROLE AS A LUBRICANT SCREENING TOOL FOR IN-SERVICE OIL CONDITION MONITORING
ASTM E2412-10 STANDARD PRACTICE FOR CONDITION MONITORING OF USED LUBRICANTS BY TREND ANALYSIS USING FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED (FT-IR) SPECTROMETRY (SET-UP ASTM D7418-07)
• EFFECTIVELY TAKES A SPECTRAL FINGERPRINT OF THE USED OIL AND TRENDS KEY INDICATOR BANDS OVER TIME TO DETECT SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN OIL CHEMISTRY OR COMPOSITION
• USES A DEDICATED FTIR SPECTROMETER, AUTOSAMPLER, PERISTALTIC OR SYRINGE PUMP WHICH PUSHES A NEAT OIL SAMPLE THROUGH A 100 M CELL
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
CURRENT FTIR SYSTEMS
THROUGHPUT RATES ARE LIMITED BY OIL VISCOSITY – CURRENTLY 20-50 SAMPLES/H DEPENDING ON THE SYSTEM AND REQUIRE BETWEEN-SAMPLE SOLVENT RINSING
CAN HAVE SIGNIFICANT CELL WINDOW WEAR DUE TO ABRASION
CONTAMINANTS MONITORED INCLUDE WATER, SOOT, ETHYLENE GLYCOL, FUELS AND INCORRECT OIL
CHEMISTRY - OXIDATION, NITRATION AND SULFONATION OF BASE STOCKS ARE MONITORED AS EVIDENCE OF DEGRADATION
FTIR IS A STANDARD SCREENING TOOL AND ALMOST EVERY LUBE ANALYSIS LAB OFFERS THIS ANALYTICAL SERVICE
COMMON COMMERCIAL SYSTEMS
IMPROVED FTIR CONDITION MONITORING SYSTEM
DEVELOPED AN ALTERNATE APPROACH TO FTIR CONDITION MONITORING USING A TECHNIQUE TERMED SPECTRAL RECONSTITUTION
ADD A SPECTRAL MARKER TO ODORLESS MINERAL SPIRITS (OMS)
DILUTE THE LUBRICANT SAMPLE WITH MARKED OMS (TYPICALLY ~1:2)
SHAKE, LOAD INTO AUTOSAMPLER AND RUN THE SPECTRAL MARKER IS USED TO CALCULATE
THE SAMPLE DILUTION, REMOVE THE OMS SPECTRAL CONTRIBUTION FROM THE SAMPLE SPECTRUM AND MATHEMATICALLY RECONSTITUTE THE NEAT SPECTRUM OF THE OIL
ALL OF THIS IS DONE UNDER SOFTWARE CONTROL AND THE COMPONENTS ARE MEASURED AS PER ASTM 2412-10 AND DELIVERED TO THE LIMS SYSTEM FOR REPORTING
DILUTED SAMPLES ARE EASY TO PUMP THROUGH THE FTIR
CELL
SPECTRAL RECONSTITUTION PROCEDURE
>150 SAMPLES/H WITH NO RINSE REQUIRED
NO DILUTION MEASUREMENT IS REQUIRED
CAN USE OMS AS SOLVENT REDUCED CELL WEAR CAN USE KCl CELL WINDOWS USES THE SAME ASTM 2412-10
PROCEDURE PRODUCES IDENTICAL RESULTS AS
ASTM 2410-10 SAMPLE THROUGHPUT IS
MAXIMIZED AND MAINTENANCE MINIMIZED
SOLVENT USE IS MINIMIZED (NO RINSING)
TAKING FTIR QUANTITATIVE
THE MCGILL IR GROUP HAS WORKED ON DEVELOPING QUANTITATIVE FTIR METHODS FOR OVER 20 YEARS, STARTING WITH EDIBLE OILS AND MOVING ON TO LUBRICANTS
THE CURRENT APPROACH USES THE SAME BASIC PRINCIPLES AS THE ASTM PROCEDURES
USES STOICHIOMETRIC ACID-BASE REACTIONS, BUT STRUCTURED SO THAT THE REACTION PRODUCTS ARE IR-MEASURABLE RATHER THAN DETERMINED BY POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATION
THE ANALYTICAL PROCEDURE RESULTS IN DILUTED SAMPLES WITH REDUCED SAMPLE VISCOSITY
THUS THESE METHODS HAVE SIMILAR BENEFITS TO THOSE ASSOCIATED WITH THE FTIR SPECTRAL RECONSTITUTION CONDITION MONITORING PROCEDURE - SPEED
HOW DOES QUANTITATIVE FTIR ANALYSIS WORK ? CAN USE BN ANALYSIS AS AN EXAMPLE
NO TITRATIONREQUIRED TO DETERMINE
AN OR BN
USING FTIR BN AS AN EXAMPLE
BN MEASURES THE CONSUMPTION OF THE BASE PACKAGE IN A LUBRICANT CAUSED BY OXIDATIVE ACID FORMATION AND/OR BLOW-BY OF NITRATES AND SULFATES
OIL BN IS MEASURED BY POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATION WITH A STRONG ACID (PERCHLORIC ACID OR HCl) EXPRESSED AS MG KOH/G OIL
ANALYTICAL UPSIDE: RESULTS ARE QUANTITATIVE LOSS OF BN IS A REAL MEASURE OF OIL DETERIORATION CAN BE LINKED DIRECTLY TO EQUIPMENT FAILURE
• ANALYTICAL DOWNSIDE: ALTHOUGH AUTOMATED – ASTM BN ANALYSIS BY TITRATION IS CUMBERSOME, SOLVENT/REAGENT AND MAINTENANCE INTENSIVE ANALYTICAL THROUGHPUT IS LIMITED (~6
SAMPLES/H/INSTRUMENT) STATUS: NO VIABLE, LOWER-COST OR HIGHER-
VOLUME QUANTITATIVE METHODS ARE AVAILABLE
AUTO-TITRATOR
AN AND BNANALYSES
ARE BOTTLENECK
SAND
EXPENSIVE
QUANTITATIVE FTIR BN ANALYSIS
CONCEPTS: USE ACID-BASE REACTION AS PER ASTM PROCEDURE;
BUT USE AN IR-ACTIVE ACID MEASURE THE PRODUCTS BY FTIR RATHER THAN USING
THE TITRIMETRIC ENDPOINT CALIBRATION - ADD KNOWN AMOUNTS OF A DEFINED
BASE TO AN ADDITIVE-FREE MINERAL OIL USE THE DISCRIMINANT POWER OF FTIR TO MEASURE
THE SPECTRAL CHANGES INDUCED BY THE ACID-BASE REACTION IN THE OIL
AUTOMATE THE ANALYSIS BY LOADING THE REAGENT-ADDED AND PRE-REACTED SAMPLES INTO AN AUTOSAMPLER AND ANALYZE BY FTIR TO OBTAIN THROUGHPUTS OF >120 SAMPLES/H
SYSTEM REQUIRES CALIBRATION TO CONVERT SPECTRAL SIGNAL INTO MG KOH/G
ACID-BASERXN
RESULTS IN FTIR
MEASURABLE SPECTRAL CHANGES
BN CALIBRATION PROCEDURE
SPIKE 1-METHYLIMIDAZOLE (AN OIL-SOLUBLE, WELL DEFINED BASE) INTO ADDITIVE-FREE BASE OIL IN KNOWN AMOUNTS (MG KOH/G) TO MAKE CALIBRATION STANDARDS (S0-SX)
REACT THESE OIL STANDARDS WITH 5% IR ACTIVE ACID DISSOLVED IN SOLVENT WHICH BOTH DILUTES THE OIL AND FACILITATES THE REACTION
LOAD IR CELL WITH THE REAGENT SOLUTION (S), COLLECT ITS SPECTRUM FOLLOWED BY EACH OF THE CALIBRATION STANDARDS (S0-SX)
SUBTRACT REAGENT SOLUTION (S) SPECTRUM FROM EACH OF THE S0-SX SPECTRA TO OBTAIN THEIR DIFFERENTIAL SPECTRA AND MEASURE THE SPECTRAL CHANGES RESULTING FROM THE ACID/BASE REACTION
PLOT THE SPECTRAL SIGNAL OF THE ACID CONSUMPTION AGAINST THE KNOWN AMOUNT OF BASE IT HAS REACTED WITH
CAN CALIBRATE GRAVIMETRICALL
Y USING A DEFINED
BASE
CALIBRATION SPECTRA
SPECTRAL RESPONSE OF A CONSTANT AMOUNT OF ACID ADDED TO KNOWN AMOUNTS OF A DEFINED BASE (MG KOH/G)
CAN SPECTRALLYMEASURE
THECHANGE INDUCED
BY THE RXN
TYPICAL BN STANDARD CURVE
SPECTRAL RESPONSE PLOT OBTAINED FOR KNOWN AMOUNTS OF BN REPRESENTED BY 1-METHYLIMIDAZOLE AFTER REACTING WITH AN IR-ACTIVE ACID
USED TO CONVERT SPECTRAL CHANGES INTO BN
AN ANALOGOUS PROCEDURE IS USED TO CALIBRATE FOR AN, USING OLEIC ACID AS THE CALIBRATION ACID
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
0
5
10
15
20
Gra
vim
etric
BN
(mg
KO
H/g
) Oil
FTIR Absorbance
1-Methyl Imidazole
BN CALIBRATION PLOT
SUMMARY
FTIR RESPONDS PROPORTIONATELY AND QUANTITATIVELY TO BASE (OR ACID) ADDED TO MINERAL OILS CONCEPT EXTENDS TO IN-USE OILS ENABLING
AN AND BN TO BE TRACKED QUANTITATIVELY WHAT IS GAINED?
SAMPLE IS DILUTED, VISCOSITY IS REDUCED AND HIGH VOLUME THROUGHPUTS CAN BE ACHIEVED BY COUPLING AN AUTOSAMPLER TO THE FTIR AND ANALYZING PRE-PREPARED SAMPLES
WITH APPROPRIATE SOFTWARE, THE SPECTROSCOPIC ELEMENTS (E.G., SPECTRAL DATA MANIPULATIONS, MEASUREMENTS AND DATA PROCESSING) ARE ALL TRANSPARENT TO THE USER AND ONLY THE FINAL RESULTS ARE PRESENTED TO A LIMS SYSTEM
NO ENDPOINT, TITRATION RATE OR INTERPOLATION ISSUES TO CONTEND WITH
SAMPLE ISDILUTED
AND REACTS
A MEASURABLE SPECTRAL CHANGE
TAKES PLACE
NO ENDPOINTISSUES
METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES
THE ABSOLUTE BN VALUES OBTAINED ARE A FUNCTION OF THE pKa OF THE ACID OR BASE USED IN THE ANALYSIS
D2896 (PERCHLORIC ACID) VS. D4739 (HCl); EACH PRODUCES DIFFERENT BN VALUES FOR THE SAME SAMPLE
BECAUSE HCl IS A WEAKER ACID
THE SAME IS TRUE OF THE FTIR BN METHOD RELATIVE TO THE ASTM METHODS AS IT USES AN EVEN WEAKER ORGANIC ACID
HOWEVER, THE RESULTS BETWEEN IR AND ASTM METHODS WILL CORRELATE AS LONG AS THE ACID IS STRONG ENOUGH TO REACT WITH PREDOMINANT BASES (USUALLY METAL CARBONATES) AND VICE VERSA
THE ACID USED FOR THE BN FTIR METHOD MEETS THIS CRITERION WITH THE SAME BEING TRUE FOR THE BASE USED FOR THE AN METHOD
AT ISSUERESULTS:
BN: ASTM 2896
BN: ASTM 4739
BN: FTIR
COMPARING ABSOLUTE BN VALUES
BN PLOTS OF RELATIVE RESULTS FOR THE SAME OILS ANALYZED BY ASTM D2896, D4739 AND FTIR
FTIR PRODUCES THE LOWEST ABSOLUTE RESULTS, BUT ALL METHODS CORRELATE
ONE CAN ESTABLISH RELATIONSHIPS THAT ALLOW CONVERSION OF ONE METHOD TO THE OTHER
HOWEVER, NOT THE BEST OPTION PERCHLORIC > HCl > FTIR
RECONCILING FTIR AND ASTM DATA
THE PROBLEM WITH SWITCHING METHODS (WITHIN ASTM OR FTIR) IS THAT THE ABSOLUTE NUMBERS OBTAINED ARE METHOD DEPENDENT ON AND CHANGE FROM ONE METHOD TO THE OTHER
CHANGING THE YARDSTICK (E.G., INCHES TO CM) IS PROBLEMATIC AND CAN LEAD TO CLIENT CONFUSION
IDEALLY, THE FTIR RESULTS OBTAINED SHOULD MATCH THE NUMBERS HISTORICALLY OBTAINED BY THE LABORATORY’S ASTM METHOD
WE HAVE ACHIEVED THIS IN A MANNER SUCH THAT THE CURRRENT LABORATORY ANALYTICAL FRAME OF REFERENCE NEED NOT BE PERTURBED
THIS IS DONE VIA A MIXED-MODE CALIBRATION BASED ON BOTH WELL-DEFINED, MODEL CALIBRATION STANDARDS AS WELL AS REPRESENTATIVE OILS ANALYZED BY BOTH THE PREFERRED ASTM METHOD AS WELL AS BY FTIR
CAN CALIBRATE SO THAT:
FTIR = ASTM 2896
OR
FTIR = ASTM 4739
CALIBRATION STANDARDS - BEERS LAW
A PURE WEAK ACID OR BASE IS USED TO PREPARE THE CALIBRATION STANDARDS TO REPRESENT IDEAL OILS WITH NO ADDITIVES, SOOT OR CONTAMINANTS
THESE ARE DESIGNED TO DEMONSTRATE A LINEAR RESPONSE TO ACID OR BASE AND ALSO TO PROVIDE AN UNEQUIVOCAL CALIBRATION ANCHOR
THUS GRAVIMETRIC ADDITION OF OLEIC ACID OR METHYLIMIDAZOLE IN ADDITIVE FREE MINERAL OIL PRODUCES A LINEAR PLOT
IN-SERVICE OILS ARE MORE COMPLEX TENDING TO CONTAIN ADDITIVES, CONTAMINANTS AND SOOT…
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30
0
1
2
3
4
5
Gra
vim
etric
AN
(mg/
g) O
il
FTIR Absorbance
Oleic Acid
AN CALIBRATION PLOT
PLS CALIBRATION
REAL OIL CONSTITUENTS AND CONTAMINANTS AFFECT THE SAMPLE SPECTRAL SIGNATURE AND CAN CONFOUND A SIMPLE BEER’S LAW CALIBRATION, WHICH CANNOT ACCOUNT FOR SUCH SPECTRAL VARIANCES
CHEMOMETRIC TECHNIQUES SUCH AS PARTIAL LEAST SQUARES (PLS) CAN HOWEVER DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN SPECTRAL SIGNALS THAT CORRELATE WITH AN OR BN AND THOSE THAT DO NOT
PLS REQUIRES CALIBRATION AGAINST THE ASTM REFERENCE METHOD BY USING THE TYPES OF SAMPLES COMMONLY ANALYZED (E.G., MINERAL OILS)
BY PROVIDING ASTM RESULTS FOR THE SAME SAMPLE ANALYZED BY FTIR, AS WELL AS USING THE BEER’S LAW SPECTRA OF THE STANDARDS, PLS CAN SORT OUT SIGNAL INTERFERENCES AND MINIMIZE ERRORS
WHEN PROPERLY CALIBRATED, THE PREDICTIONS OBTAINED FROM THE PLS CALIBRATION WILL MATCH THOSE OBTAINED BY THE ASTM REFERENCE METHOD USED
CAN USE YOUR OWNASTM DATA
TO FURTHER SOLIDIFY THE
BASIC BEERS LAWCALIBRATION
REAL OILS ARE MESSY
(SPECTRALLY)
OPTIMAL PLS BN CALIBRATION
BN CALIBRATION BASED ON 215 USED DIESEL AND NATURAL GAS ENGINE OILS INCLUDING THE 1-METHYLIMIDAZOLE STANDARDS
RESULTS MATCH AND TRACK ASTM RESULTS WITH A SD = ± 0.39 BN
0 5 10 15 20
0
5
10
15
20
PRED
ICTE
D B
N
ASTM BN
OPTIMIZING A PLS CALIBRATION CROSS-VALIDATED CALIBRATION
TYPICAL AN CALIBRATION
AN CALIBRATION BASED ON 163 USED MINERAL OIL SAMPLES AND MODEL OLEIC ACID STANDARDS WITH SD = ± 0.195 AN
0 1 2 3 4 5-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
PRED
ICTE
D A
N
ASTM AN
CROSS-VALIDATEDAN CALIBRATION
MINERAL OILS
BENEFITS
OUTCOME - THE RESULTS (AN OR BN) ARE EXPRESSED IN EXACTLY THE SAME TERMS AND MAGNITUDES AS THE ASTM METHOD USED IN-HOUSE AND THERE IS NO NEED TO CHANGE THE YARDSTICK
CALIBRATIONS CAN BE ADDED TO, REFINED AND MADE MORE ROBUST OVER TIME
WITH FTIR IMPLEMENTATION, SAMPLE THROUGHPUT RISES FROM 6-10/H TO >100 SAMPLES/H
THE RESULTS ARE QUANTITATIVE, WITH >95% CONFIDENCE THAT THE FTIR RESULT OBTAINED WILL REFLECT THE ACTUAL VALUE OF THE ASTM PROCEDURE
WITH ENHANCED THROUGHPUT ONE CAN EXPAND AN AND BN MONITORING FOR ROUTINE QUANTITATIVE TRENDING
FTIR PROVIDES A COST EFFECTIVE MEANS TO TRACK AN AND BN IN REAL TIME - ESPECIALLY USEFUL FOR ONGOING ANALYSIS OF CRITICAL EQUIPMENT
FTIR=ASTM
IDENTICAL RESULTS
>100 SAMPLES/H
COST EFFECTIVE
ACTUAL OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE - AN
COMMERCIAL LABORATORY OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE ASTM AN VS. FTIR AN RESULTS OVER A TWO MONTH PERIOD - DIRECT
COMPARISON AND DIFFERENCE DISTRIBUTIONS – MD = 0.011 mg KOH/g SDD = ±0.184 mg KOH/g
0 1 2 3 4 50
10
20
30
40
Sam
pole
Fre
quen
cy
Sample AN (mg KOH/g)
ASTM AN FTIR AN
-0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.40
10
20
30
40
50
Sam
ple
Freq
uenc
y
AN Difference (ASTM - FTIR); mg KOH/g
Acid Number
ACTUAL OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE - BN
-0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00
20
40
60
80
100
Sam
ple
Freq
uenc
y
BN Difference (ASTM - FTIR); mg KOH/g
Base Number
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
30
60
90
120
150
Sam
ple
Freq
uenc
y
Sample BN (mg KOH/g)
ASTM BN FTIR BN
COMMERCIAL LABORATORY OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE ASTM BN VS. FTIR BN RESULTS OVER A TWO MONTH PERIOD – DIRECT
COMPARISON AND DIFFERENCE DISTRIBUTIONS MD = -0.006 mg KOH/g SDD = ±0.262 mg KOH/g
AN–BN SUMMARY
ROBUST FTIR METHODS FOR AN AND BN USING ASTM PRINCIPLES ARE NOW AVAILABLE TO DELIVER ASTM-IDENTICAL RESULTS
SAMPLE PREPARATION AND ANALYSIS IS SIMPLE AND STRAIGHT FORWARD (SAMPLE + REAGENT -> SHAKE – LOAD IN
AUTOSAMPLER -> SCAN TRAY)
THESE METHODS ARE FULLY AUTOMATED, TURNKEY SYSTEMS CAPABLE OF ANALYZING >100 SAMPLES/H AND TRANSFERRING THE DATA DIRECTLY TO A LIMS SYSTEM
FTIR OPENS UP NEW ANALYTICAL OPPORTUNITIES, IN PARTICULAR QUANTITATIVE TRENDING OF CRITICAL EQUIPMENT THAT NEEDS CLOSE AND ROUTINE MONITORING
ROBUST
TURNKEY
PROVIDESNEW OPPORTUNITIES
NEW DEVELOPMENT – FTIR H2O ANALYSIS
MOISTURE IS A CRITICAL VARIABLE AFFECTING LUBRICANT QUALITY
AT ONE EXTREME THERE IS THE CRACKLE TEST WHICH IS VERY CRUDE, BUT CHEAP, WHILE AT THE OTHER END IS THE KARL FISCHER (KF), WHICH IS ACCURATE, BUT QUITE EXPENSIVE
WE HAVE DEVELOPED A PROPRIETARY AUTOMATED FTIR MOISTURE METHOD THAT IS MUCH SIMPLER THAN THE KF, BUT IS AS, OR MORE ACCURATE.
AS A RESULT, MOISTURE BECOMES A ROUTINE AND VERY COST EFFECTIVE ANALYSIS, ESPECIALLY RELATIVE TO KF AND BE CAN RUN AT > 100 SAMPLES/H
THIS METHOD IS ALSO BASED ON A STOICHIOMETRIC REACTION USING IR ACTIVE REAGENTS
THERMAL-LUBE IS CURRENTLY LOOKING FOR LABORATORIES INTERESTED IN EVALUATING AND IMPLEMENTING THIS NEW METHODOLOGY
H2O BY FTIR
H2O CALIBRATION
STANDARDS - WATER ADDED TO SODIUM METAL DRIED MINERAL OIL
WATER IS INTRODUCED INTO OIL USING A WATER CARRIER SOLVENT
REAGENT CONTAINING SOLVENT IS ADDED – VIAL IS SEPTUM SEALED
AUTOSAMPLER PENETRATES SEPTUM AND DRAWS SAMPLE INTO A 200 µM KCl CELL
CALIBRATION SD = < 5 PPM
ANALYSIS - USE THE CRACKLE TEST TO DETERMINE SAMPLE SIZE RELATIVE TO REAGENT
CAN RUN >100 SAMPLES/H
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
PPM
AD
DED
WA
TER
ABS
MOISTURE CALIBRATION
FTIR VS KF COMPARISON
GRAVIMETRICALLY PREPARED WET/DRY OIL BLENDS
ANALYZED BY TWO KF METHODS IN TWO SEPARATE COMMERCIAL LABS AS WELL AS BY FTIR
ALL METHODS TRACK MOISTURE CHANGE LINEARLY, BUT GIVE SLIGHTLY DIFFERING ABSOLUTE VALUES
FTIR HAS THE LOWEST SD
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
H2O
ppm
Proportion Wet Lubricant
FTIR SD = 6 ppm Coulometric SD = 32 ppm Coulometric-Heater SD = 16 ppm
COAT ANALYTICAL SYSTEM
THERMAL-LUBE COAT ANALYTICAL SYSTEM
BOMEM SPECTROMETER, MINI-PUMP, GILSON AUTOSAMPLER AND UMPIRE SOFTWARE
THIS IS THE FIRST MULTI-PURPOSE FTIR DESIGNED SPECIFICALLY FOR LUBRICANT-FUEL ANALYSIS FTIR IN-SERVICE CONDITION MONITORING
- QUALITATIVE FTIR BN – QUANTITATIVE FTIR AN – QUANTITATIVE FTIR H2O – QUANTITATIVE
EACH METHOD RUNS INDEPENDENTLY OF THE OTHERS
COAT FEATURES
ALL METHODS DILUTE THE SAMPLE TO FACILITATING SAMPLE THROUGHPUT
UMPIRE SOFTWARE:
CONTROLS THE PUMP, CONTROLS AUTOSAMPLER, CONTROLS FTIR CARRIES OUT METHOD-SPECIFIC
SPECTRAL PROCESSING DELIVERS THE RESULTS TO THE LIMS
SYSTEM CALIBRATIONS ARE TRANSFERABLE
BETWEEN INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM IS PROGRAMMABLE FOR
DEVELOPING YOUR OWN METHODS OR THOSE DEVELOPED FOR CLIENTS
SIMPLICITY - ACCESSIBILITY
STANDARD DEMOUNTABLE KCl CELL – NO WEDGING FOR FRINGING NO RINSING BETWEEN SAMPLES – AUTO PATH LENGTH COMPENSATION
BOMEM OPEN ARCHITECTURE
UMPIRE SOFTWARE: COMPREHENSIVE - FLEXIBLE
FLEXIBILITY TO DEVELOP YOUR OWN METHODS SEND RESULTS TO LIMS MULTIPLE METHODS ON THE SAME INSTRUMENT
OTHER POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS
THE COAT SYSTEM IS VERY FLEXIBLE AND CAN ACCOMMODATE A VARIETY OF OTHER APPLICATIONS WHICH HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED:
MEASUREMENT OF FUEL DILUTION QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENT OF
GLYCOL MEASUREMENT OF BIODIESEL AND
ETHANOL/GAS BLENDS MOISTURE IN FUELS AND OTHER
HYDROPHOBIC MATRICES NEUTRALIZATION NUMBER (AN),
ANTIOXIDANTS AND MOISTURE IN TRANSFORMER OILS
PHOSPHATE ESTER BREAKDOWN
CONCLUSION
THIS PRESENTATION IS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE AN OVERVIEW OF WHAT CURRENT FTIR TECHNOLOGY IS CAPABLE OF RELATIVE TO LUBRICANT AND FUEL ANALYSIS
WE ARE BRINGING NEW FLEXIBILITY TO FTIR LUBRICANT ANALYSIS IT IS NOW A MULTI-PURPOSE TOOL WITH QUANTITATIVE
CAPABILITIES CAN BASICALLY DELIVER THE SAME RESULTS AS KEY ASTM
METHODS IN SIGNIFICANTLY LESS TIME, WITH LESS SOLVENT AND REAGENT USE
HAS THE POTENTIAL OF REVOLUTIONIZING LUBRICANT AN, BN AND H2O ANALYSIS AND MAY BECOME ASTM METHODS IN THE FUTURE
FTIR AN AND BN METHODS HAVE BEEN SUCCESSFULLY IMPLEMENTED IN A NUMBER OF LABS PROVIDING A SIGNIFICANT COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN TERMS OF THROUGHPUT AND PRICING
THANK YOU
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