making road safer: through signage &traffic control...

3M Innovation for Safer Transportation

Making Road Safer: Through Signage &Traffic Control Devices

2

Agenda

• Introduction• Fundamentals of Retro Reflective Technology • IRC 67 : 2012 – Code of Practice for Road Signs• IRC 35 – Code of Practice for Road Markings• Products and Solutions • New and Smart Components• Reflectivity & Product Demonstration

3

Company overview

Since

1902

Global Sales:

$30.1 Billion

International sales:

$18.2 Billion(60% of company total)

Subsidiaries in

70 Countries

Sales in nearly

200 Countries89,000+ employees

Net income:

$4.8 BillionR&D investment:

$1.8 BillionProducts

60,000+

108,030 patents:

3,128 global patents awarded in 2015 `

4

3M in India : 30 years of innovation

Bengaluru

Headquarter

Branch Offices

Innovation Center

Manufacturing

Established in

1987

MumbaiPune

Gurgaon

Kolkata

Hyderabad

Chennai

Ahmedabad

INR 2120 crore sales turnover for 3M India Limited as of March 31, 2016

6 Branch Offices &4Manufacturing facilities

1600+ employees

110+ R&D Professionals

Indian Road Network

Indian Road Network is highly Overburdened due to low road density & high vehicle population!

■ Expressways 1455

■ National Highways 99500

■ State Highways 167109

■ Major District Roads 1101178

■ Rural & Other Roads 4105866

Total Length (km) 5.4 Million

Country Total Road Length (km)

USA

India

Brazil

China

Japan

Russia

Australia

Canada

France

Italy

6,370,031

5,475,144

1,980,000

1,400,000

1,152,207

952,000

913,000

901,902

892,900

668669

Rural & Other Roads

National Highways

State

Highways

Major District

Roads

CAGR 10%

Registered Vehicles :

210 Million

Population: 1,300,938,000

Approx 1300 million

Road Length : 5.4Million km (2nd largest in the world)

Indian Road Scenario

Accident Scenario in India Fact file :

1 Accident / min

17 Death / hour

413 death/Day-Equivalent to one air crash

Estimates in 2016:

• 4,80,652 Accidents

4,94,624 Injured

1,50,785 Road deaths

Loss of productivity, Collateral Damage, Legal

Expenses: 2% of GDP ~ $ 20 Bn

Road crash deaths has been increased by 31% from 2007 to 2017 and that of fatal road crashes have increased by 25.6% in the same period.

Registered

Vehicles

Road

Deaths

Major Causes for Accidents on Indian Roads:

- Poor road conditions

- Untrained Drivers

- Negligence

- Fatigue

- Lack of Proper Guidance and Warning System

- Poor visibility of vehicles

- Speed

- Drunken Driving

Accident Scenario in India on Various Category of Road

Source: Road Accidents in India -2016 by MoRTH

Road Accidents Top* 13 States: Share in Total Number of Road Accidents (in %) during the calendar year 2016.

Share of 13 States 86.5 4,15,734

1. Tamil Nadu 14.9 71,431

2. Madhya Pradesh 11.2 53,972

3. Karnataka 9.2 44,403

4.Maharastra 8.3 39,878

5. Kerala 8.2 39,420

6. Uttar Pradesh 7.4 35,612

7. Andhra Pradesh 5.2 24,888

8. Rajasthan 4.8 23,066

9. Telangana 4.7 22,811

10. Gujarat 4.5 21,859

11. Chattisgarh 2.8 13,580

12. West Bengal 2.8 13,500

13.Haryana 2.3 11,234

Road Safety is a growing Concern-for-All !


Most Productive Age Group Persons are Killed in Road Accidents

Male, 120626,

83%

Female, 25507,

17%

Gender

Age Group: 15-45 Year – 75% people are Killed in Road Accident


IRC 67 – Code of Practice for Road Signs

Traffic SignsPurpose:

- To promote highway safety and efficiency

- Orderly movement of all road users on streets and highways

- No advertising message or any other message that is not

related to traffic control.

Traffic Signs

Principles of traffic signs and markings:

• Fulfill a need;

• Command attention;

• Convey a clear, simple meaning;

• Command respect from road users; and

• Give adequate time for proper response.

Traffic Signs and Road Markings MUST BE the primary, and sole , means of communication

between Road System and Road User for efficient navigation

How Retro-reflection guides us on roads…..

16. All Rights Reserved.19 September 2018© 3M 3M Confidential.

Because what you see

during the day

Is not always what you

get at night !

Day vs. Night


Types of Reflection


Glass Bead Technology ( 1930’s )

Glass Beads


Micro Prismatic Technology (1970’s)

Highly Efficient

Cube - Corners


Observation Angle : Truck vs. Car

Observation Angle for Trucks is higher than Cars

Observation Angles : Overhead Sign Approach

750ft

(230m)

350ft

(107m)

175 ft

(53m)

Delhi

0.50o

0.20o

1.0o2.25o

0.50o1.0o

Delhi

Large trucks have at least twice observation angle as sedans

Legibility Distance Visibility DistanceLegibility Distance


Entrance Angle

Entrance Angle ()


The Needs of The Older Driver

33 Year Old

20 Year Old

46 Year Old

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Reflective Sheeting Efficiencies

8

14

32

58

%

Reflective Sheeting Efficiencies

Class-A

Class B - Type3

Class B - Type4

Class C - Type-11

Type XI Sheeting

Optical Efficiency

Type XI : Best Suited for all Types of Roads

Indian National Standards

MORTH & IRC Signage Standards

• Code of Practice for Road Signs ( IRC 67:2012 )

• Code of Practice for Road Marking ( IRC 35 – 2015)

• Guidelines on Traffic Management in Work Zone ( IRC 55: 2014)

• MORTH 2013 – Specifications for Roads and Bridge work

• Guidelines for road signage under PMGSY

MORTHIRC 67-2012 IRC 35-2015 PMGSY Signage Guidelines

IRC 55-2014

Classification of Road Sign

1. Mandatory / Regulatory Signs

2. Cautionary / Warning Signs

3. Informatory / Guide Signs

IRC:67-2012 ‘Code of Practice for Road Signs’Siting of Signs with respect to the Carriageway

➢ Left hand side of the road

➢ In Hill Roads - on valley side

➢ 1.8 m to 9 m lateral clearance (Gantry mounted)

➢ 5.5 m vertical clearance for overhead signs

➢ 2.1 to 2.5 m headroom clearance for the shoulder mounted signs

Sitting of signage with respect to the carriageway

Minimum (mm)

Desirable (mm) Maximum(mm)

A 600 1000 2500

B 1000 2000 3000

C 300 600 1000

D 2000 2000 2500

E 2100 2100 2500

F 5500 6000 6500

G 750

H 5000

I 5000 7000 9000

j 1800 2000 2500

Size of the Letter for signage:

Sign without Facia : VandalismA

dd

itio

n o

f n

ew

Su

bst

rate

fo

r R

oa

d S

ign

s

IRC - 67

IRC 67- 2012 : Types of Sheeting

Type I : Engineer Grade - Enclosed Lens

Type II : Super Engineer Gr. - Enclosed Lens

Type III : High Intensity - Encapsulated Lens

Type IV : High Intensity Prismatic - Prismatic

Type V : Delineators - Metalized Prismatic

Type VI : Temporary Roll Ups - Prismatic

Type VIII : Prismatic

Type IX : Micro-Prismatic

Type XI : Micro-Prismatic

Class A

Class B

Class C

Delineation

GlassBead Tech.

PrismaticTech.

Suggested Guidelines for Usage of Retro-Reflective Sheeting[ As per IRC 67-2012 ]

Class of Sheeting

Type of Sheeting (ASTM D

4956)

Category of Road

National /State

Highway

Major District Roads (MDR)

Rural roads (VR & ODR)

Urban / City Roads

Expressway

Class A Type I No Yes Yes No No

Type II No Yes Yes No No

Class B Type III Yes Yes Yes Yes No

Type IV Yes Yes Yes Yes No

Class C Type VIII Yes No No Yes Yes

Type IX Yes No No Yes Yes

Type XI Yes No No Yes Yes


Type XI : Prismatic Grade Sheeting ( Class C)


Mandatory Test Certificates

Coefficient of Retro-reflection

Shrinkage & Flexibility

Liner removal & Adhesion

Fungus resistance

Three year outdoor weathering

Impact resistance & Specular gloss

Day time Color & luminance

IRC - 67


Colour Pattern for Direction Information Signs

White Background

Green Background

Blue Background

: NH, SH & MDR

: Expressways & Urban Road

: ODR & Village Road

IRC - 67

Cla

ssif

ied

Un

de

r F

oll

ow

ing

Su

b-h

ea

ds i) STOP and GIVE WAY signs ( Right of way signs )

ii) Prohibitory signs

iii) No Parking and No Stopping signs

iv) Speed Limit & Vehicle Control signs

v) Restriction Ends sign

vi) Compulsory Direction Control

Mandatory / Regulatory Sign

Size & Dimension : Mandatory / Regulatory Signs

Design Speed Size

Regulatory

Sign

( mm )

Mandatory Sign ( mm )

Dia Border Oblique Bar Font

Size

Up to 65

kmphSmall

600 600 50 50 100

66 – 80

kmphMedium 750 750 60 60 125

81 – 100

kmphNormal 900 900 75 75 150

> 100 kmph Large 1200 1200 100 100 225

IRC - 67

Cautionary/ Warning Signs

Left Hand Curve

Left Reverse Bend

Merging Traffic Ahead

Pedestrian Crossing

Men at Work Rumble Strip AirportGap-in Median

▪ Triangular in shape

▪ red border and black symbol in white background

▪ caution & alert the road user to potential danger or hazardous condition

▪ Hairpin Bend, Narrow Bridge, Gap in Median, School Ahead

IRC - 67

Size & Siting Distances : Cautionary Sign

Design Speed SizeSide

( mm )

Border

( mm )

Clear Visibility

Distances

( m )

Distance of

Sign from

hazard

( m )

Up to 50 kmph Small 600 45 45 45

51 – 65 kmph Medium 750 60 60 45 - 110

66 – 80 kmph Normal 900 70 60 110 -180

> 80 Kmph Large 1200 90 90 180 -245

IRC - 67

Informatory SignsIRC - 67

Sample of Advance Direction Sign Design As Per IRC

19-Sep-18 42

Design Speed – 66-80kmph

Spacing of Single Chevron Signs

Curve Radius ( m )

Distance Between Single Chevron ( m )

On Curve Before Curve

50 15 30

100 20 40

200 30 60

300 45 90

400 60 120

500 70 140

> 500 80 150

Hazard Marker

Object Hazard ( Left ) Object Hazard ( Right ) Two Way Hazard Marker

Facility Information Sign

Eating Place Resting Place First Aid Post Filling Station

Public Telephone

Filling Station

Police Station Toilet Hospital

Route Marker Signs

Asian Highway Expressway National Highway State Highway

Maintenance of Signs

➢Maintenance schedule : Prior to installing any road sign

➢Reference number : Backside of the sign

➢Inspection of sign at least twice a year both in day andnight

➢Damaged signs shall be replaced immediately.

➢Signs should be cleaned at periodic intervals

➢Inclusion of replacement clause : At the end ofwarranty period.


Technical Advisory

IRC 67 – Revision of MORTH Standards

SUBJECTIRC: 67 2001 & MORTH 4th

REVISION IRC: 67 : 2012 & MORTH 5th REVISION

SUBSTRATE FOR ROAD SIGNS 2mm Al

Recomends both Al & ACP

2mm AL for all boards.

3mm up to sign size of 600mm & 4mm for all other signs

TYPE OF SHEETINGType III & Type IV Retro Reflective

Sheeting.All types of sheeting included. Class C Sheeting

Recommending Type XI too included.

LETTER / FONT SIZE No recommendation.Font Size recommended based on the design

speed of the road.

COLOR OF SIGNS No recommendation.Blue Color Signs for all Urban areas & Green

Color Signs for NH & SH roads.

MAINTENANCE OF SIGNS No recommendation.Emphasis on maintenance schedule &

replacement clause included.

REFLECTIVE ROAD STUDS Not included in the Orange book.

Detailed Specification along with the placement for Road Studs included in the MORTH 5th

Revision.

TECHNICAL ADVISORY No Chapter in IRC:67:2001Separate Chapter on TA giving placement of

signs included in IRC:67:2012.

making road safer: through signage &traffic control...

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