making progress - cambridge university...
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MakingProgressto First Certificate
Workbook with answers
Cambridge Books for Cambridge Exams • • •
Leo Jones
PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011–4211, USA477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, AustraliaRuiz de Alarcón 13, 28014 Madrid, SpainDock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa
http://www.cambridge.org
© Cambridge University Press 2005
This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exceptionand to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,no reproduction of any part may take place withoutthe written permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 2005
Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge
Text typefaces Minion and Meta Plus Medium, System QuarkXpress® [HAR]
A catalogue record for this book is available from The British Library
ISBN 0 521 53702 9 Student’s BookISBN 0 521 53703 7 Self-Study Student’s BookISBN 0 521 53704 5 Teacher’s BookISBN 0 521 53705 3 WorkbookISBN 0 521 53706 1 Workbook with AnswersISBN 0 521 53707 X Set of 2 audio cassettesISBN 0 521 53708 8 Set of 2 audio CDs
Cover design by Andrew OliverProduced by Hardlines Limited, Charlbury
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Welcome! 4
1 Personal information 5
2 Learning English 10
3 Money 15
4 Education 19
5 Relationships 25
6 Travel and holidays 29
7 Where I live 33
8 Entertainment 37
9 Communication 42
10 Food and drink 45
11 Science and technology 49
12 Around the world 52
13 Weather and climate 56
14 Nature 60
15 Free time 63
16 Good health 67
17 Puzzles and problems 71
18 The future 74
19 Work 77
20 Transport 80
21 The past 83
22 The news 86
23 Books 88
24 People 91
25 That’s funny! 93
Answer key 96
Contents
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Personal information1
Your mind is like a parachute. It only works if it is open. – Anthony J. D’Angelo
Topic vocabularyColours and personality
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Fill the blanks in the puzzle with suitable colours:
ACROSS
1 greeny-blue2 dark red 3 like an aubergine (AmE ‘eggplant’) 4 a colour and a Mediterranean ‘fruit’ to make oil 7 like a banana or a lemon 9 Your favourite colours may reflect your .11 dark reddish pink
DOWN
1 bluey-green, like the Mediterranean on a sunny day
3 American spelling of ‘colour’6 this colour:8 pale brown, like a camel9 a colour and fruit10 greenish blue
2
1 Fill the blanks in the puzzle with suitable adjectives:
ACROSS
4 Someone who is kind and helpful is .6 Someone who likes playing sports is .8 Someone who will help you is .10 Someone who insists on good behaviour is .11 Someone who is absent-minded is .
DOWN
1 Someone who likes being with people is .2 Someone who doesn’t mind how other people
behave is .3 Someone who gives lots of presents is .4 Someone who doesn’t get angry or excited is .5 Someone who is kind and helpful is .7 Someone who tries not to make mistakes is .9 Someone who is full of energy and interest is .
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2 Fill each blank with the past form of the verbs below:
1 He went ski-ing in Switzerland in January.
2 He the train to Berlin in February.
3 He to Paris in his new BMW in March.
4 He the marathon in London in April.
5 He British Airways to Brazil on business in May.
6 He his fiancée on Ipanema Beach in June.
7 They back from Brazil together in July.
8 They married in Spain in August.
9 They their honeymoon in Greece in September.
10 He his BMW and a Ford in October.
buy come drive fly get go meet run sell spend take
3 Fill each blank in this story with a suitable form of the verbs below. You can use a
verb more than once.
ask can go keep lie look open put reply say see want
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Grammar practicePresent simple and past simple
A stranger wanted to buy some things in a village shop. On the door he a
sign which ‘BEWARE OF THE DOG’. He the door quietly and
inside, but all he see was an old dog, which on the floor
fast asleep. So he inside.
He the shopkeeper, ‘Is that the dog people are supposed to be careful of?’
‘That’s right,’ the shopkeeper.
‘Well, he n’t very dangerous to me. Why you
the sign up?’
‘Because my customers tripping over him.’
Fill the blanks with a word or phrase.
1 What time do you usually get up in the morning?
I usually wake up at seven o’clock, and I straight away.
When did you get up this morning?
This morning I up at six-thirty, but I up till seven-
thirty.
2 How long it usually you to get to school?
It usually only me about ten minutes.
How long you this morning?
Today the traffic terrible so it me half an hour.
3 When usually dinner?
We usually dinner at eight o’clock.
What time dinner yesterday?
Yesterday my sister’s birthday. We dinner early, at seven.
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Fill the blanks with words, not figures:
1 Two and a half divided by two equals one and a quarter.
2 Five times nine equals .
3 Twenty-eight divided by two equals .
4 Twelve twelves are .
5 The list price of her new computer was a thousand pounds but with ten per cent
discount she only paid .
6 The bill came to fourteen pounds, I left one pound fifty as a tip, so I got
in change from a twenty-pound note.
Say these numbers aloud, then write the answers in words:
1 44 + 88 = one hundred and thirty-two.
2 66,666 – 12,345 = .
3 4 x $31.25 = .
4 77 .–. 2 = .
5 12–1 +38–
3 = .
6 2,000,000 – 765,433 = .
Relaxation exercises
Reading for pleasure or information is one of the best ways of learning vocabulary,
improving your grammar and developing a good writing style. The articles and stories
in this Workbook are for your interest and enjoyment. There are no comprehension
questions to ‘test’ your understanding.
To help you to understand difficult words, there is a Glossary at the end of the article.
Highlight the words and phrases you want to remember. But three words in the
Glossary are not explained – try to guess their meanings by looking at the contexts.
And to encourage you to read carefully there are three deliberate mistakes in this
passage! They are all words which are repeated, like the word ‘this’ in this this sentence.
Find them by reading the text text very carefully and cross out the three repeated words.
Reading
LEARN HOW TO RELAXLEARN HOW TO RELAXLike exercising in order to get fit, doing relaxation exercises once won’t make you ‘fit’: learning torelax takes time and practice in order for you to become proficient.
Here is one simple physical method which isdesigned to be useful in everyday situations:
HOW IT WORKSWhen people tense up and then relax muscle groups,they end up more relaxed than when they began! Thisis a natural process that we all use, for example whenwe stretch, or yawn.
1
Pronunciation and vocabularyNumbers
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8
But the key to this particular method lies intwo factors:
1 we learn the difference in the sensations ofbeing tense and being relaxed, and
2 it gives signals to the subconscious and‘automatic’ parts of our system that ‘all iswell’, ‘there is no need to be tense anylonger’, and it is the automatic parts of yournervous system which will do the real workby slowing down your heart rate, stoppingthe release of adrenaline into your bloodstream, etc.
The exercises themselves are deceptivelysimple. Don’t be fooled – they do work. Butlike all relaxation methods, it takes time andpractice for this to be useful in real-lifestressful situations!
THE METHODFor each of the areas of the body described,you should tense up and then relax musclegroups. Do each exercise three times. As youget better at relaxing these areas, try usingless tension before relaxing.
HandsHands are commonly one of the first parts ofour body to show tension. When they tenseup, they tend either to clench up into a fist, or to hold tight onto something, or to claspeach other.
Instead, try stretching out your hands so thatyour fingers are straight and spread out. Holdthat position for a moment and feel thetension across your palms and the back ofyour hands. Then let your hands relax andflop beside you, or on your lap.
When hands are relaxed, the fingers are gentlycurved, neither tightly curled nor straight, andand are ‘floppy’, not stiff!
ShouldersWhen we are tense, our shoulders are usuallyraised. Instead, pull your shoulders down.Feel the tension under your arms and up yourneck. Hold that position for a moment. Thenlet them relax and return to a natural position.
Head and neckThe neck muscles can only relax when theydon’t have to support the weight of your head– i.e. if you are lying comfortably with yourhead supported in a straight line with youryour spine, or if you are standing or sittingwith your head balanced and looking straightahead – neither angled to one side, norlooking up or down.
People who work at desks or keyboards tendto spend a lot of time looking down, eitherreading, typing or writing. So instead, trylooking right up, and feel the tension in yourneck. Then allow your head to return to thestraight-ahead, balanced position.
FaceThere are many muscles in our face – used, ofcourse, for speaking, eating, facialexpressions and so on. This is one of theareas most likely to show tension. First, let allexpression go from your face: let yourforehead become smooth, your jaw sag withyour teeth just apart (though your lips may stillbe closed), your eyes looking straight aheadand into the distance.
It may help you to do this if you think of aword which describes this particularexpression – ‘vacant’, ‘empty’, ‘relaxed’, ‘stupid’are some possibilities! Put this particularexpression on your face.
BreathingWhen we are tense, our breathing tends tobecome faster and shallower. So, allow yourbreathing to come from lower down in yourabdomen and this will help you to slow yourbreathing down a little (but don’t actually holdyour breath). Let it become gentle, easy andand regular. Once it is comfortable, you may be able to slow your breathing a little more.
Relaxation and sleepRelaxing is not the same as sleeping! Manypeople sleep without being very relaxed, andalthough relaxing can lead you to yawn or feelsleepy, it need not lead to sleep.
But learning to relax can certainly help you toget to sleep more easily, and then to sleep
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line word meaning
2 proficient adj very good at doing something6 tense up verb opposite of relax
12 sensations noun feelings13 tense adj opposite of relaxed22 deceptively adv hard to believe, surprisingly36 clench verb – Try to guess the meaning!37 clasp verb hold tightly42 palms noun inside surface of your hand44 flop verb – Try to guess the meaning!57 i.e. abbr that is59 spine noun backbone75 sag verb – Try to guess the meaning!88 abdomen noun lower part of your body (below your chest)
115 quieten verb make quiet
Glossary
How do you rate this reading passage?
Interest ★★★★★ ■ ★★★★ ■ ★★★ ■ ★★ ■ ★ ■
Entertainment ★★★★★ ■ ★★★★ ■ ★★★ ■ ★★ ■ ★ ■
Difficulty ★★★★★ ■ ★★★★ ■ ★★★ ■ ★★ ■ ★ ■
more restfully. Use the physical relaxationexercises described earlier when you areready for sleep. Some other suggestions thatmay help with sleeping are:
� don’t use your bed as a place to workduring the day
� stop working some while before you want to sleep
� put your work books etc. out of sight of your bed
� once in bed, get as comfortable as possible
� yawn! ‘Artificial’ yawns are just as good asthe real thing in helping you to slow downyour breathing.
Stop thinking altogetherTo quieten all thoughts and leave an emptymind is very difficult, but if thoughts are goinground and round in your mind as you attemptto sleep, try these ideas:
� first, use the physical relaxation techniquesdescribed above
� with your eyes gently closed, look straightahead and ‘stare into space’
� if your thoughts still won’t stop, try focusingon your breathing and gently slowing itdown
� or imagine your thoughts as images on ablack screen, which you can ‘wipe out’ witha board rubber.
Sweet dreams!
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Learning English2
Add the missing words to the puzzle:
ACROSS
3 A to Z4 happily and well6 a, e, i, o, u9 the and a11 cat and happiness12 A paragraph consists of several .13 just in time and last but not least
DOWN
1 come and go2 A long article is divided into .4 happy and good5 can and must (5, 5)7 in and at8 commas and full stops10 b, c, d, f, etc.
The dictionary is the only place where success comes before work. – Vince Lombardi
Topic vocabularyLanguage and communication
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1 Fill each gap with a preposition:
1 He waved his arm the table and knocked the glass the table
and the floor where it broke pieces. He explained his aunt
that it happened accident. But she thought he did it purpose and
made him pay a new one.
2 ‘Are you going to phone home lunch or lunch?’
‘I’m going to phone lunch – I’ll use my mobile. I only need to
be the phone a few minutes most.’
3 ‘I’m looking my shoes – I’m sure I left them the hall.’
‘I moved them your room. They’re the corner your desk.’
Grammar practicePrepositions – 1
11
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Vocabulary developmentUsing a dictionary
2 Fill each blank in this story with a preposition:
It was the worst winter living memory. Thousands homes were cut off
deep snowdrifts, including a family a remote mountain cabin
Canada. three months the family had had no contact the outside world.
The Red Cross decided to rescue them, but several weeks even they couldn’t
manage to get through the cabin, which was now completely buried snow.
Finally the rescue team succeeded getting the cabin. They dug down
the snow and made a path the front door. Not knowing what they
would find, they knocked the front door.
The father answered the door, and smiled the visitors.
‘Red Cross,’ said the leader the team.
‘Sorry,’ said the father. ‘It’s been such a tough winter that I don’t think we can give
anything this year.’
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10 11
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19
Add the missing words to the puzzle:
ACROSS
2 /spelIN/ how to write words4 /tens/ Got and went are in the past .5 /mi…nIN/ a dictionary explains the of a word.6 /dIkS´n´ri/ a book to find words7 /ÅbdZIkt/ In I like ice cream, ice cream is the
of the sentence.8 /strÅN/ /DI…/ and /œt/ are forms of the and
at (see 17 across).10 /ekspl´neISn/ You can find this in a 6 across.14 /Info…ml/ Hello is an greeting
(see 15 down).16 /søbdZIkt/ In John likes ice cream, John is the
of the sentence.17 /wi…k/ / D´/ and / ´t/ are forms of the
and at (see 8 across).18 /œks´nt/ different regional pronunciation 19 /ønkaUnt´bl/ Music and furniture are
nouns (see 13 down).
DOWN
1 /trœnsleISn/ ¡Ola! is a of Hello in Spanish.3 /pr´nønsIeIS´n/ how to say words8 /sIn´nImz/ words that have the same meaning9 /neg´tIv/ Not, can’t, isn’t are all forms.10 /Igza…mpl/ A good dictionary gives you
sentences.11 /pœsIv/ He was given a present.12 /sIl´bl/ part of a word13 /kaUnt´b´l/ Mouse and house are nouns
(see 19 across).15 /fo…m´l/ Good morning is a greeting
(see 14 across).
12
Grammar practicePunctuation
Add the missing words to the puzzle:
ACROSS
6 At the end of this there is an mark!8 The SECOND word in this sentence is in .9 The sixth word in this ‘sentence’ is in .11 There is a near the end of 7 down.13 This punctuation mark : is a .14 In computer English a full stop is a .
DOWN
1 In American English a full stop is called a .2 Is there a mark at the end of this sentence?3 At the end of this sentence there is a stop.4 This sentence is in two parts, they are separated
with a .5 This whole sentence is printed in .7 There’s a difference between my friend’s parents
and my friends’ parents – look at the .10 The third word in this sentence is .12 We write hard-working with a .
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2 Add the missing punctuation to these stories. Some gaps need more than one punctuation mark:
A man was driving his wife home after a night out when they were stopped by the
police
Did you know you were speeding sir asked the officer
No I had no idea that I was speeding replied the driver
Of course you were interrupted his wife You re always speeding
The officer looked at the rear of the vehicle And did you know your brake light is
broken, sir
No I had no idea that it was broken replied the driver
Again the wife interrupted Of course you knew it was broken You re
always saying you ll get it repaired but you never have
The officer began to sympathize with the driver Does she always talk to you
like this
The car won t start said a wife to her husband I think there swater in the carburettor
How do you know said the husband scornfully You don t evenknow what the carburettor is
I m telling you repeated the wife I m sure there s water inthe carburettor
We ll see mocked the husband Let me check it out Where sthe car
In the swimming pool
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Memory
To encourage you to read carefully there are three deliberate mistakes in this passage!
They are all words which are repeated, like the word ‘this’ in this this sentence. Find
them by reading the text very carefully and cross out the three repeated words.
Try to guess the meaning of the three words not explained in the Glossary at the end of
the article.
Reading
MEMORY is far and away the most remarkable of all your mental functions.
If your mind were unable to store up an enormous part of all the
information with which your senses feed it, each new moment of existence would bring with it the
necessity of ‘starting from scratch’ in everything you think and do. You’d have to wear a little label
with your name on it, in case you might meet someone to whom you’d like to introduce yourself;
every time you picked up a book you’d have to examine it to see how the pages turned . . . and you
wouldn’t be able to read it anyway, because the letters and words would be meaningless to you!
Everything you do is made easier for you by your
memory . . . each activity is simpler because in the
past you’ve had experiences which told your
mind and body what to expect and how to act in
certain situations. Your life is a continuous lesson,
because the countless things you do prepare you
for doing them again . . . because experience
eliminates trial-and-error by teaching you the
right – or wrong – way.Even if you were to leave your memory
completely alone, without ever giving a thought to
using it more efficiently, it would continue to serve
you loyally and well . . . but why be satisfied with
so little? While attending a lecture you’re sure to
pick up a few bits of information, just in hearing
the words. But if you were able to multiply your
chances of remembering the information, think of
of how much more knowledge you’d be able to
absorb!The first step toward strengthening your
memory is to find out exactly what it is. There’s
much more to it than a bunch of assorted facts and
ideas swimming around in the grey matter of your
brain . . .
YOUR ENTIRE MEMORYLet’s take a look now at your memory’s total make-
up . . . for our purposes, its parts can be classified
into two basic categories: ‘natural’ memory, or your
own mind’s function of remembering, and
‘artificial’ memory – devices for retaining
information outside the framework of your mind.
ALL IN THE MINDYour natural memory is the result of a very
intricate network of retention of facts, ideas and
physical activity – all of which are learnt through
sensory perception, and then stored in your mind
and limitlessly cross-referenced, for future use.
This is how it happens:
Facts‘Camembert just had six kittens.’ That sentence
tells you, first of all, the fact that six kittens have
begun to exist. It also reveals, in the word ‘just’, the
fact that their birth was quite recent. But, because
of your mind’s retention of other facts, previously
learnt, the sentence tells you even more – you
know that Camembert is a cat, and that the kittens
are her offspring, and that she is a lady cat. You
know these things because of your previous
knowledge that kittens – baby cats – are descended
from female cats . . . information which comes from
your mind’s ability to retain facts.
Abstract ideasNow, what is a cat? Can you picture one in your
mind? Unless you know Camembert, your
impression of ‘cat’ will probably not be an accurate
picture of Cam herself . . . but still, you have a very
good idea of her basic parts, at least. This impression
is the image of an abstract idea, one built on a whole
range of impressions in your past involving cats and
cat-ness. Then, too, how many are ‘six’? One more
than you have toes on a foot, three plus three, one
less than days in a week, half-a-dozen . . . another
abstract idea that is so well documented in your
mind that you need give the word – and the concept
– no more thought than it takes you to think of what
what letter follows ‘G’ in the alphabet.
Motor activityIf you swim, or ride a bicycle, or walk, I’m sure
that you don’t spend every active moment thinking
about these things . . . they come to you so
‘naturally’ that you don’t even have to give them a
thought. If you type, no doubt you can now type
many more words in a minute than was the case
the very first time you used a computer. But that
took time and practice. Through repeated
experience, effort and practice, your mind comes to
retain memory of motor activity.
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line word meaning
4 start from scratch verb begin from nothing13 countless adj very many15 eliminate verb remove completely15 trial-and-error noun using different methods to learn26 absorb verb understand and remember29 bunch noun lot30 grey matter noun – Try to guess the meaning!37 retain verb continue to remember38 framework noun system41 intricate adj small and complicated41 retention noun (noun from retain)43 sensory perception noun what your senses notice44 limitlessly adv endlessly44 cross-reference verb tell you where to look for more information54 offspring noun – Try to guess the meaning!71 concept noun idea88 nourish verb feed97 reinforce verb make stronger
102 retire verb – Try to guess the meaning!
Glossary
Your artificial memoryEven if you were going to be able to spend all your
time feeding your natural memory’s supply of
information, you couldn’t possibly begin to nourish
it nearly enough to satisfy your needs. You haven’t
got the time to remember all of the things you need
to know every now and then! It doesn’t pay to
memorize the entire Edinburgh telephone directory
on the chance that you’ll one day have occasion to
call someone there . . . when you need to, you can
always look the number up! And when the time
comes that you must call someone in Edinburgh the
the directory becomes a device for reinforcing your
natural memory.Few people can awaken themselves
automatically each morning at specifically desired
times, unless waking time remains constant (waking
then becomes a habit, as long as retiring time is
constant). But if you usually wake up at 8.00, and on
one special morning you must rise at 7.00, you’ve got
to rely upon outside assistance – an alarm clock.
This is a device.Do you get the picture? First, your mind is able
to feed your memory directly – ideas, facts and
motor information (physical activity) – from its
own storehouse of knowledge.And when your mind is unable to furnish the
information which you seek, you can aid your
natural memory with external devices: your alarm
clock is such a device, so is your address book,
your shopping list, and so on! All of this we call
your artificial memory.
How do you rate this reading passage?
Interest ★★★★★ ■ ★★★★ ■ ★★★ ■ ★★ ■ ★ ■
Entertainment ★★★★★ ■ ★★★★ ■ ★★★ ■ ★★ ■ ★ ■
Difficulty ★★★★★ ■ ★★★★ ■ ★★★ ■ ★★ ■ ★ ■
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Money3
Add the missing words to the puzzle:
ACROSS
1 People keep banknotes in this.4 coins and notes7 pocket money9 ‘How much do you ?’10 what you pay for something11 put money in a bank account12 Fruit and vegetables are freshest here.14 not expensive17 Most people buy their food here.
DOWN
2 not cheap3 pay out money4 the money you get back when you pay too much5 A store sells all kinds of things.6 what you get for working8 -shopping is free.13 People who buy tickets for this hope to win!15 People keep coins in this.16 A shopping has lots of different shops.
Don’t open a shop unless you know how to smile. – Proverb
Topic vocabularyGoing shopping
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6 87
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Add the missing clothes and footwear to the puzzle:
ACROSS
1 Only a woman wears this – but in Scotland some men do wear kilts!
4 A man would look funny in this, but a woman looks smart.
6 These keep your hands warm.8 This keeps your trousers up.10 You wear these in cold weather or for playing
football.11 You wear this next to the skin.13 Wear these for running, or just for walking.15 trousers for warm weather17 This keeps your neck warm.18 Put your hand in this to find what’s inside.19 Women wear these on their legs.
DOWN
1 See 2, 3, 5, 9, 10 and 14 down!2 Your arm goes in this in 1 down.3 This is around your neck in 1 down.5 Wear this over 1 down to keep you warm.7 Your legs go inside these.9 Wear this over 1 down to look smart.10 You use these to fasten 1 down.12 Don’t forget to do this up if you’re wearing jeans!14 In 1 down this is around your wrist.16 You wear these inside your shoes.
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Fill each blank with a, an, the, his, your or my:
Grammar practiceArticles and quantifiers – 1
1
2 Fill each blank with a, the, your or my:
PronunciationVowels – 1
1
breast doesfirstflatfruitmoonsearchsendsuchthirdtroublewalkwoodwool
2
bestbubblebuzzchurchflutefriendfullJunetalkthattouchwordworstwould
3
boughtfizzyheartheatkeymeansonthistreeswarweakwhatwonwonder
4
busygotgreenmeetmissonepartsuntaughtteatheseunderweekwore
Which words rhyme with which? Match the words in column 1 with the words that
rhyme in column 2.
Then do the same with the words in columns 3 and 4.
man in supermarket noticed old lady following him around.
Whenever he stopped, she stopped. What’s more, she kept staring at him. She finally overtook
him just before checkout where she turned to him and said, ‘I hope I haven’t made
you uncomfortable – it’s just that you look so much like late son.’
‘That’s OK,’ he said.
‘I know it’s silly,’ she continued, ‘but could you do me favour? Could you call out
“Goodbye, Mother” as I leave? It would make me so happy.’
old lady went past cash desk and, as she left supermarket,
man called out ‘Goodbye, Mother.’ old lady waved back and smiled warmly.
Pleased that he had brought little sunshine into someone’s day, man went
to pay for groceries.
‘That comes to £99,’ said assistant.
‘That must be mistake!’ said man. ‘I’ve only bought few things.’
‘Yes, but mother said you’d pay for her.’
salesman called at house and found small boy sitting on
front step. ‘Is mother in?’ asked salesman.
‘Yes,’ said boy.
The salesman rang doorbell, but there was no answer. He tried again: still no
answer. He turned to boy. ‘I thought you said mother was at home?’
‘She is, but this isn’t house.’
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Winning the lottery!
To encourage you to read carefully there are two deliberate mistakes in each of the
articles which follow. They are all words which are repeated, like the word ‘this’ in this
this sentence. Find them by reading the text very carefully and cross out the four
repeated words.
Try to guess the meaning of the two words not given in the Glossary at the end of the articles.
Reading
By Nigel Bunyan
A teenager earning £3.60 an hour at her local Co-op has
become one of the youngest winners of a National Lottery
jackpot.Callie Rogers, from Cockermouth, Cumbria, started
‘jumping and screaming’ when she realized she had won
£1,875,000 in Saturday’s draw.
Callie, who lives in a council flat with her foster
parents, was one of eight winners sharing the £15 million
prize.Yesterday, after posing for pictures with her boyfriend,
Gary Fidler, 25, she said: ‘I will not go wild and spend
loads. I’m going to take some advice and see an accountant.
‘I want to help my family, but I won’t change. I just
just want a normal home; nothing posh. I just want a
normal car as well.
‘I have lots of friends who have supported me and I will be
there to help them. As far as I am concerned this win hasn’t
changed me and it won’t.’
The teenager said her first purchase would be a new
wheelchair for her foster mother, Sheila Holmes. After that
there might be a motorcycle for her brother, Grant, 15, and
a suitcase – ‘to go on holiday with’ – for her 13-year-old
sister Lauren.She also plans to fly with her grandmother to Australia
so she can visit the sister she has not seen for seven years,
and take her cousin, Kelvin, three, to Disneyland. The
only luxury she wants for herself is a Peugeot 206
convertible, but only once she has learnt to drive.
Another ambition is to see her musical hero, Eminem, in
concert – preferably in an exotic location on the other side
of the world.When she has travelled enough, Callie and Mr Fidler, a
factory worker, plan to buy a house together.
Callie was dog-sitting for a friend when she saw her
numbers picked out on TV. She has only bought National
Lottery tickets every few weeks, always using the same
numbers – 1, 10, 17, 23, 29 and 35. Each is based on family
ages or dates of birth.
‘I still can’t believe this has happened,’ she said. ‘It’s not
really sunk in yet. I currently get £3.60 an hour, so this is
going to be a big difference.’
Callie left Southfield College, Workington, at 15 and
enrolled at another college to do her GCSEs but left for
financial reasons.
The teenager moved in with the Holmeses a year ago
because of a ‘clash of personality’ with her mother, Susan
Jenkinson.Since then, however, the relationship between mother
and daughter has improved.
‘We are more like best friends now,’ she said. ‘We get
on great and are like sisters.’
Her foster parents, Brian and Sheila Holmes, said they
they were ‘absolutely delighted’ by her win.
‘It couldn’t have happened to a nicer girl,’ said Mr
Holmes, 55. ‘Callie is such a lovely, down-to-earth girl.
This won’t change her at all.’
Mr Fidler said: ‘I’m still in shock. But I just want to be
there for Callie. She’s my main focus.’
2nd July
16-YEAR-OLD IS A £1.8M LOTTO WINNER
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18
line word meaning
4 jackpot noun top money prize8 foster parents noun couple who look after a child
who is not their own15 posh verb – Try to guess the meaning!29 convertible noun car with a folding roof35 dog-sitting verb like baby-sitting, but with a dog47 clash of noun serious disagreement
personality56 down-to-earth verb practical and realistic
line word meaning
27 allegedly adverb believed to be true (but notproved)
28 claim verb – Try to guess the meaning!34 chauffeur noun driver45 abuse noun rude, unkind words
Glossary
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By Nicola Woolcock and
Paul Wilkinson
The cliché that money can’t buy happiness has been proved
true by one of Britain’s youngest lottery winners.
Callie Rogers, 16, admitted yesterday to ‘not having
a happy moment’ since winning the £1.9 million
jackpot.The teenager from Cockermouth, Cumbria, said at the
time of the win that her new-found wealth would not
not change her life.
But speaking yesterday, Callie burst into tears and said:
‘Terrible things have been said about me. I’ve been
accused of stealing somebody’s boyfriend – that isn’t
true.’Brian Holmes, her foster father, said: ‘I think she is
handling everything well for a 16-year-old but the point is,
she is only a 16-year-old.’
After winning the lottery Callie said she would not ‘go
wild’ and planned to seek advice from an accountant. She
applied for a passport, took her first foreign holiday and
bought a few luxuries for herself, relatives, friends and her
then boyfriend, Gary Fidler.
Despite spending £4,000 on gifts for Mr Fidler, 25, she
discovered two weeks after her win that he had been
seeing an ex-girlfriend.
After Callie ended their relationship, Mr Fidler
allegedly demanded £20,000 for the two years’ wages
that he claimed she promised to pay him when he gave
up his job.Callie was then robbed by a woman who took £50 from
her purse after calling at her house to borrow money.
Her next relationship was with Simon Winthorpe, a
mechanic, for whom she bought a £7,000 car and paid
£3,000 to act as chauffeur as she is too young to drive.
Two weeks later he vanished. Callie said, ‘I can’t believe I
I was stupid enough to put the car in his name but I am fast
learning to trust no one.’
Her latest relationship is with a friend of Gary Fidler, an
unemployed factory worker called Nicky Lawson. But
Joanne Thompson, his former girlfriend and the mother of
his child, sold her story to a national newspaper last
weekend. Miss Thompson accused the teenager of using
her money to steal Nicky from her.
Callie said: ‘Some days I don’t even want to leave my
house because people just scream abuse at me. Two
months ago I thought I was the luckiest teenager in
Britain. But today I can say I have never felt so miserable.’
13th September
LOTTERY WINNER CALLIE FINDS MONEY
CAN’T BUY YOU LOVE OR HAPPINESS
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Education
1
4
Add the missing words to the puzzle:
ACROSS
2 A high school is a school.4 If you are at school, the teacher will be cross.5 The teacher is the school principal.8 Some teachers are , and . . .9 . . . they may you if you are 4 across.10 your first school11 a young student13 You have to pay to attend a school.16 Don’t do this in an exam!17 Don’t do this in class!19 the study of the past
DOWN
1 the study of the world2 This can help to pay for your education.3 grades or scores6 stay at school late (as a punishment)7 uni8 all the teachers12 a place where students study13 the opposite of fail an exam14 There are three of these in a school year in
Britain.15 arithmetic, geometry, etc.18 The last class in a British school is the form.
There is more learning in the question itself than the answer. – Andrew Weremy
Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. – Nelson Mandela
Fill the blanks in this story with the past forms of the verbs below:
be can collect get give hand say see sit wait want warn write
Topic vocabulary
Grammar practicePast simple and present perfect
Teaching and learning
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17 18
19
An American professor to give his students a test. He them the
day before so that they revise for it. He out all of the test papers
and down at his desk and for everyone to finish. The students
all their answers to the questions. Once the test over, the
professor the tests and that one of the students had attached a
$100 bill to his test with a note which ‘A dollar per point’. The next day, the
professor the marked tests back to the students. This student
back his test – and $56 change.
4 Fill the blanks with suitable forms of the verbs on the right:
finish lend
finish
read
read
read
read
read
enjoy
enjoy20
ACROSS
3 buy 4 find6 hide7 freeze 8 choose 10 fall 12 mean13 go15 swim 16 sleep20 begin 21 tell22 shake 24 teach 27 write 28 think30 wear 31 blow
DOWN
1 eat2 pay 3 break 5 draw 6 hold7 fly8 come 9 sing11 know 14 drive
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2
3
4 5 6
7
8 9 10
11
12 13
14 15
16 17 18
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21
22 23
1
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27 28 29
30
31
2
3
eat
eat be
enjoy
taste feel
try
eat have
try try
have
eat be
be
be go
have
Fill the blanks with suitable forms of the verbs on the right:
Amy: Have you ever eaten Japanese food?
Pam: Yes, I . I sushi when I in London.
Amy: you it?
Pam: It delicious, but I hungry again an hour later.
Amy: you any other Oriental food?
Pam: Yes, I lots of Chinese food, but I never
Korean food.
Amy: I n’t Korean food either. But I Thai food.
Pam: When you Thai food?
Amy: I it all the time when I in Thailand.
Pam: When you in Thailand?
Amy: I there twice. I last year and the year before.
I a wonderful time there.
Bob: you reading that book I you?
Ted: I nearly it.
Bob: How many pages you ?
Ted: I 200 pages so far.
Bob: How many you yesterday?
Ted: Yesterday? I about 50 pages in the morning,
but I n’t any pages in the afternoon.
Bob: you it so far?
Ted: I n’t the first chapter, but I the rest.
Complete the puzzle with the past simple form of the
verbs. (The past simple form is underlined in these
examples: see · saw · seen; grow · grew · grown.)
15 sell17 take 18 understand19 ring 22 stand23 keep 24 throw 25 catch 26 become 29 hear
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Complete the puzzle with the pastparticiple of the verbs. (The past participle is underlined in these examples:see · saw · seen; grow · grew · grown.)
1
ACROSS
2 ring4 shake7 freeze8 keep11 begin13 come14 draw16 teach19 fall20 sing22 wear24 hold25 hide27 stand29 bring30 understand31 choose32 write
DOWN
1 meant3 go5 buy6 drive8 know9 pay10 think11 blow12 eat15 take17 tell18 fly19 find20 sell21 sleep23 become25 hear26 throw27 swim28 break
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2 3
4
5 6
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21 22
23
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2524
26
292827
30
31 32
Vocabulary development
5
Collocations – 1
Fill the blanks in these sentences with one of the words on the right:
1 I didn’t know the rain was going to be so .
2 I’m not very hungry, I only want a portion.
3 I’m smiling because I’m in a mood.
4 I’m tired, I’m going to a break.
5 It’s a idea to notes before you a composition.
6 It’s hard to new friends if you change schools.
7 She’s in bed with a cold.
8 Shh! Don’t so much noise!
9 That’s a idea!
10 The party was a success! We all had a very time.
11 The traffic was very this morning.
12 Whenever I an exam I never expect to well.
do
good
great
heavy
make
small
take
write
22
Fill the blanks in these sentences (the missing verbs are either make or do):
1 You need to an to see the dentist.
2 If you someone a , you should always keep it.
3 Can I a ? Why don’t we do this work together?
4 Write in pencil, then if you a you can easily correct it.
5 I couldn’t my because I lost my book.
6 He usually all the and she the .
7 Could you please me a ? I need someone to help me.
2
THOUSANDS TAKE MATHS A-LEVEL
SOLD FOR £400 ON BLACK MARKET
Cheating
1
To encourage you to read carefully there are two deliberate mistakes in each article!
They are words which are repeated like the word ‘this’ in this this sentence. Find them
by reading the text very carefully and cross out the four repeated words.
Highlight words and phrases you want to remember. Three words in the Glossary are
not explained – try to guess their meanings by looking at the contexts.
Reading
By Thomas Harding and Neil Tweedie
THOUSANDS of students sat an A-level maths
paper which had been sold on the black market
after the examiners decided to go ahead
yesterday. Copies of the Pure Maths paper set
by Edexcel were being sold for £400 on the day
before the exam.The tutors who raised the alarm said they
believed that up to 100 students had seen it.
But Edexcel, one of the three exam groups in
England, put the number at no more than 40
and said it believed only one pupil and one
copy of the paper was involved.
Scotland Yard launched a criminal
investigation and planned to interview pupils.
Exam inspectors went to schools in the west
London area where the document was
was circulating to check whether seals on
bundles of exam papers had been broken.
A spokesman for Edexcel said, ‘There was
no time to send out an alternative paper. The
paper was due to be sat by 21,600 students at
1,316 schools and colleges, who would all have
suffered by having to sit the paper later in the
summer. It will be possible to find any cheats
by comparing their marks with those for three
other papers set in the past two years.’
Cheats could be disqualified from taking
exams for two years, which would affect their
their university entrance, said Beryl Jefferys,
head of Edexcel’s external relations.
The leak was discovered when a student
showed a photocopy of the paper to his private
tutor on Wednesday afternoon. The tutor, Som
Gill, from Ruislip, north-west London, alerted
Edexcel. However, Edexcel decided to go ahead
with the 90-minute exam using the same paper.
Dr Jonathan Ramsay, Mr Gill’s business
partner, also saw the paper. Dr Ramsay said:
‘The student said an old friend had given it to
him that afternoon as a favour. We contacted
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2Teachers accused of helping pupils to cheat By John Clare, Education Editor
TEACHERS are increasingly helping pupils tocheat at GCSE and A-level, a recently retiredsenior examiner said in a book publishedyesterday. Gordon Lloyd, an examiner in classics andlanguages for 30 years, said that league tableshad introduced a competitive element inteachers’ minds, and heads were more likely toask questions if results in a department were poor.He said ‘Minority subjects which produce sub-standard results could find their place in theschool curriculum under threat. Perhaps, notsurprisingly, teachers may go beyond what ispermitted to protect their jobs. It is sad to say thatthat instances of [cheating] are becoming more frequent.’
Mr Lloyd, the author of How Exams ReallyWork, said that cheating was easiest in oralexams, when the teacher was alone with thecandidate.“Obviously, skilful use of the pause button bythe teacher may make it possible to avoid give-away details and one cannot help wondering howoften cheating takes place undetected, butsufficient cases are proved to warn others whomay be tempted that the risk is not sensiblyworth taking.”
In one case, a candidate for GCSE Frenchhad been asked to name a place to go for a dayout. Mr Lloyd said: “After a pause and somerustling of paper, he said: ‘Le deux cent.’ Therewas a longer pause, and more rustling, afterwhich he said: ‘Ah, no, le zoo.’ Clearly the teacherhad been writing down answers for him to read,but he misread ZOO as 200.” “Course work inevitably tempts teachers togive candidates more help than is allowed. Cases
have been reported to the boards, and proved,where a teacher has collected and marked acompleted piece of course work and has handed itback to the candidates with instructions torewrite it incorporating all the corrections andsuggested amendments.” One case had come to light because acandidate’s mother telephoned the board to ask ifwhat was being done for her son was legitimate. “In practical subjects such as craft, designand technology there have been cases of ateacher doing some of the construction work forthe candidates.”
In one case a teacher had spent the weekendcompleting candidates’ models before the board’sexaminer arrived, but the pupils themselvesrejected the work because it was not their own. Mr Lloyd said that such teachers werenormally acting with the best of motives: toachieve the result which they were sure theirpupils deserved. He said: “Nevertheless, cheatingof this sort will almost inevitably cause loss ofjob and career.” Mr Lloyd said that plagiarism in course workwas the commonest form of cheating amongpupils and the hardest to detect.One examiner recognized a long passage in acandidate’s history course work as having beentaken word-for-word from a book she hadwritten. Another saw a candidate’s “original”poem framed on the wall of the hotel where shewent on holiday. Another form of plagiarism, and one unlikelyto be noticed by the examiner, was to submitanother candidate’s work as one’s own, or to to have one’s work done by a relative or friend.This was happening with increasing frequency,Mr Lloyd said.
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Edexcel straight away. The worrying thing was
that they did not seem to take it that seriously.
They didn’t know how to deal with it, and were
in a bit of a panic when they realized it was true.’
Elaine Yong, 18, a pupil at Queensmead
School, Ruislip, took the exam yesterday. She
said: ‘We thought it was clearly an unfair
advantage if other people had seen the paper
in advance.’John Dunford, general secretary of the
Secondary Heads’ Association, said that the
decision to go ahead with the exam was right.
‘To have changed to a reserve paper at such a
late stage would have caused major difficulties.’
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How do you rate these reading passages?
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line word meaning
8 raise the alarm verb warn people about the danger18 circulate verb give to lots of people18 seal noun – Try to guess the meaning!19 bundle noun package32 leak noun telling people a secret54 reserve adj alternative, to be used if needed
2 increasingly adv more and more6 classics noun Latin and Greek7 league table noun list of schools, arranged to show
which had best and worst exam results (as in football)
9 head noun head teacher12 minority subject noun subject that few pupils study
line word meaning
14 curriculum noun all the subjects studied in aschool
14 under threat likely to be dropped from the school curriculum
24 give-away adj revealing a secret 26 undetected adj not noticed33 rustling noun – Try to guess the meaning!38 course work noun assessed work that students do
during the year44 incorporate verb include45 amendment noun change48 legitimate adj allowed by the rules or the law 56 reject verb not accept60 deserve verb should get because of their
knowledge or work63 plagiarism noun – Try to guess the meaning!
Glossary
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Relationships5
Add the missing words to the puzzle:
ACROSS
3 father’s mother4 uncle’s wife7 the man she is engaged to9 identical brother or sister10 brother’s daughter13 Mr and Mrs = and wife16 wife’s mother: mother-in- 17 aunt’s husband18 Bob’s father has remarried. His new wife,
Ann, is Bob’s (see 14 down)
DOWN
1 aunt’s son or daughter2 mother’s father3 daughter’s son5 A ‘map’ of a family is a family .6 son’s female child8 sister’s son11 the woman he is engaged to12 Charlie and Carl have the same father,
but different mothers – they are -brothers.
14 Bob is Ann’s (see 18 across).15 Ann has a daughter by her previous marriage.
Bob is her step .
The family seems to have two predominant functions: to provide warmth and love in time of need, and to driveeach other insane. – Donald G. Smith
Marriage is like a hot bath. Once you get used to it, it’s not so hot.
Topic vocabularyRelatives
3
4 5
6 7
8 9
10 11
12 13 14
15
16 17
18
1 2
A little boy at a wedding looks at his mum and says,‘Mummy, why does the woman wear white?’
His mum replies, ‘The bride is in white becauseshe’s happy and this is the happiest day of her life.’
The boy thinks about this. Then he asks, ‘Wellthen, why is the man wearing black?’
Husband: You have my photo on your desk at theoffice. Why?
Wife: When I have a problem, no matter howimpossible, I can look at your pictureand the problem disappears.
Husband: You see how wonderful and powerful Iam for you?
Wife: Yes, I see your picture and say tomyself, ‘What other problem can beworse than this one?’
26
Complete the puzzle with the negative forms of the adjectives:
ACROSS
not . . .1 probable4 pleasant5 likely7 visible8 capable9 formal10 convenient11 necessary
DOWN
not . . .1 polite2 successful3 patient5 familiar6 common7 possible
Vocabulary developmentUn–, in– and im–
Fill the gaps with a suitable word or phrase from the list below. There is more than one
possible answer for some blanks.
1 If the weather forecast says ‘50% chance of rain’, it rain. On the otherhand, it rain.
2 On a plane you use a mobile phone, but you read a book.You obey the ‘Fasten Seat Belts’ sign.
3 On a bus you talk to the driver, but you talk to anotherpassenger.
4 The driver of a car wear a seat belt, and use a mobile phonewhile driving. A front-seat passenger wear a seat belt, and use amobile phone.
5 If you’re riding a bike you ride on the pavement and you always be careful in traffic. If you aren’t careful you have an accident.
6 Students at university arrive on time for lectures. They wear a special uniform. They pass their exams before they get a degree.
can · can’t have to · don’t/doesn’t have to must · mustn’t may · may not should · shouldn’t
Grammar practiceModal verbs – 1
2
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11
1
27
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sh
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Why men don’t listen and women can’t read maps
To encourage you to read carefully there are three deliberate mistakes in this book
extract! They are all words which are repeated, like the word ‘this’ in this this sentence.
Find them by reading the text very carefully and cross out the three repeated words.
Try to guess the meaning of the three words not given in the Glossary at the end of the article.
[Please note that the mistakes did not appear in the original article.]
Reading
MEN AND WOMEN are different. Not better or
worse – different. Just about the only thing they
have in common is that they belong to the same
species. They live in different worlds, with
different values and according to quite different
sets of rules. Everyone knows this, but very few
people, particularly men, are willing to admit it.
The truth, however, is most definitely out there.
Look at the evidence. Around 50 per cent of
marriages end in divorce in Western countries, and
most serious relationships stop short of becoming
long-term. Men and women of every culture,
creed, and hue, constantly argue over their
partners’ opinions, behavior, attitudes and beliefs.
Some things are obviousWhen a man goes to a rest room, he usually goes
for one reason and one reason only. Women use
rest rooms as social lounges and therapy rooms.
Women who go to a rest room as strangers can
can come out best friends and lifelong buddies.
But everyone would be instantly suspicious of the
man who called out, ‘Hey Frank, I’m going to the
toilet. You wanna come with me?’
Men dominate TV remote controls and flick
through the channels; women don’t mind watching
the commercials. Under pressure, men drink
alcohol and invade other countries; women eat
chocolate and go shopping.
Women criticize men for being insensitive,
uncaring, not listening, not being warm and
compassionate, not being committed to
relationships, and leaving the toilet seat up.
Men criticize women about their driving, for
not being able to read street directories, for
turning maps upside down, for their lack of a
sense of direction, for talking too much without
getting to the point, and for leaving the toilet seat
down. Men can never find a pair of socks, but
their CDs are in alphabetical order. Women can
always find the missing set of car keys but rarely
the most direct route to their destination. Men
think they’re the most sensible sex. Women know
they are.Men marvel at the way a woman can walk into
a room full of people and give an instant
commentary on everyone; women can’t believe men
are so unobservant. Men are amazed at how a
woman can’t see a red flashing oil light on the car
dashboard but can spot a dirty sock in a dark corner
20 feet away. Women are bewildered by men who
who can consistently park a car in a tight spot using
a rearview mirror but can never find anything.
Men and women evolved differently because
they had to. Men hunted, women gathered. Men
protected, women nurtured. As a result, their bodies
and brains evolved in completely different ways.
As their bodies physically changed to adapt to
their specific functions, so did their minds. Men
grew taller and stronger than most women, while
their brains developed to suit their tasks. Women
were mostly content for men to work away as
they kept the cave fires burning, and their brains
evolved to cope with their function in life.
Over millions of years, the brain structures of
of men and women continued to change in
different ways. Now we know the sexes process
information differently. They think differently.
They believe different things. They have different
perceptions, priorities, and behaviors.
To pretend otherwise is a recipe for heartache,
confusion, and disillusionment all your life.
Barbara and Allan Pease
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13 creed noun religion13 hue noun colour16 rest room noun AmE: public toilet18 therapy noun treatment for mental problems20 buddy noun – Try to guess the meaning!24 flick through verb look quickly26 under pressure faced with problems31 compassionate adj showing sympathy31 committed adj serious about a relationship35 upside down adj the wrong way up44 marvel verb be astonished46 commentary noun spoken description while something is happening47 unobservant adj not noticing50 bewildered adj – Try to guess the meaning!51 consistently adv always53 evolve verb change over time54 hunt verb chase and kill wild animals54 gather verb collect (e.g. fruit and nuts)61 content adj happy and satisfied62 cave noun large hole in a mountain (where cave people lived)63 cope with verb deal successfully with a difficult situation66 process verb deal with69 perception noun way of noticing things70 recipe noun – Try to guess the meaning!70 heartache noun great unhappiness71 disillusionment noun great disappointment
Glossary
How do you rate this reading passage?
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