Making New Homes More Making New Homes More Water EfficientWater Efficient

Glen PleasanceGlen PleasanceRegion of Durham Region of Durham

Durham RegionDurham Region

•• Region covers 1,000 miRegion covers 1,000 mi22

•• Bordering Toronto on the east Bordering Toronto on the east •• Pop. 550,000, 80% homes metered, rest Pop. 550,000, 80% homes metered, rest

on rural private wellson rural private wells•• Population will double by 2021Population will double by 2021•• Region is responsible for water & sewer Region is responsible for water & sewer

servicesservices•• Use Water Efficiency to reduce the cost of Use Water Efficiency to reduce the cost of

this growththis growth

DurhamDurham’’s Water & Energy s Water & Energy Efficient Community Efficient Community

2004 2004 -- 20082008•• Durham RegionDurham Region’’s technical and financial partners s technical and financial partners

were:were:

–– Natural Resources Canada (Natural Resources Canada (NRCanNRCan) manage ) manage the ENERGY STARthe ENERGY STAR®® programprogram

–– Builder: Tribute CommunitiesBuilder: Tribute Communities–– Federation of Canadian Federation of Canadian Municipalities (FCM)Municipalities (FCM)

Water & Energy Efficient Water & Energy Efficient CommunityCommunity

•• Upgraded fixtures, appliances & front Upgraded fixtures, appliances & front gardens in 90 homes built by Tribute gardens in 90 homes built by Tribute Communities in Ajax OntarioCommunities in Ajax Ontario

•• First homes occupied in August 2004First homes occupied in August 2004•• Mostly starter homes: 30Mostly starter homes: 30’’, 37, 37’’ & 56& 56’’ lotslots•• Stress the affordability of upgradesStress the affordability of upgrades

Average Homes Average Homes –– 3737’’ LotLot

Selling EfficiencySelling Efficiency

•• Efficiency Efficiency package offered package offered in Sales Office in Sales Office and Dand Déécor cor CentreCentre

•• Package sold Package sold out quickly, out quickly, could have sold could have sold moremore

UpgradesUpgrades•• Three types of toilets: Three types of toilets:

–– Caroma Caroma Tasman Tasman dual flush (3/6L) in every dual flush (3/6L) in every first floor Powder Room where most 3L use first floor Powder Room where most 3L use expectedexpected

–– CapizziCapizzi 4L pressure assist (in 75% of 24L pressure assist (in 75% of 2ndnd. floor . floor bathrooms)bathrooms)

–– Foremost Foremost PremierPremier 6L same price as builder6L same price as builder’’s, s, but better performer (in 25% 2but better performer (in 25% 2ndnd. floor . floor bathrooms)bathrooms)

–– Two types of High Efficiency Toilets (Two types of High Efficiency Toilets (HETsHETs))

ENERGY STARENERGY STAR®®

•• Upgraded appliances Upgraded appliances include dishwasher, include dishwasher, fridge, washer & dryerfridge, washer & dryer

•• Frigidaire appliancesFrigidaire appliances•• Upgraded showerheadsUpgraded showerheads•• Track water, electricity & Track water, electricity &

GHG changesGHG changes•• Calculate benefit/costCalculate benefit/cost

Measuring ChangeMeasuring Change

•• Study = EfficientStudy = Efficient Control = StandardControl = Standard•• Reading water, electricity & gas meters in Reading water, electricity & gas meters in

90 Study & 85 in Control Area homes 90 Study & 85 in Control Area homes •• SubSub--Metered = 10 Study + 10 ControlMetered = 10 Study + 10 Control•• Water SubWater Sub--Meters: outdoor faucets (front Meters: outdoor faucets (front

& rear) , dishwasher, clothes washer (hot & rear) , dishwasher, clothes washer (hot & cold), water heater supply& cold), water heater supply

SubSub--MeteringMetering•• Electricity: dishwasher, fridge, stove, washer & Electricity: dishwasher, fridge, stove, washer &

dryer, whole homedryer, whole home•• Water meters are radio frequency (RF) and Water meters are radio frequency (RF) and

mount next to appliance/usemount next to appliance/use•• Electricity meters connect to main panel in Electricity meters connect to main panel in

basement (also RF)basement (also RF)•• Home access only at project beginning and end Home access only at project beginning and end

(after 1 year)(after 1 year)•• SubSub--meter installations done by May 2006meter installations done by May 2006•• SubSub--meter readings began in September 2006meter readings began in September 2006•• Completed September 2007Completed September 2007

Water SubWater Sub--MeteringMetering

•• Master MeterMaster Meter•• Central receiverCentral receiver•• Data via phone Data via phone

line, downloaded line, downloaded dailydaily

•• TroubleshootTroubleshoot•• No lost dataNo lost data

Electrical SubElectrical Sub--MeteringMetering

•• IMS electrical meterIMS electrical meter•• Connect to appliance Connect to appliance

circuitcircuit•• Measures consumptionMeasures consumption•• FirstpointFirstpoint data logger data logger

transmits datatransmits data

SubSub--MeteringMetering

•• Study to measure both water & energy Study to measure both water & energy consumptionconsumption

•• Enables calculation of benefit/cost analysis Enables calculation of benefit/cost analysis for each upgrade: dishwasher, fridge, for each upgrade: dishwasher, fridge, clothes washer & dryerclothes washer & dryer

•• Quantify GHG and imbedded energy Quantify GHG and imbedded energy reductions as wellreductions as well

Water SubWater Sub--Meter ReceiverMeter Receiver

Project CostsProject Costs

•• Appliance upgrades: $75,000, split 4 ways Appliance upgrades: $75,000, split 4 ways Durham, Durham, NRCanNRCan, Tribute & FCM , Tribute & FCM

•• Landscape upgrades: $24,000, split 2 Landscape upgrades: $24,000, split 2 ways ways –– Durham, FCMDurham, FCM

•• Toilet upgrades: $36,000, split between Toilet upgrades: $36,000, split between FCM & DurhamFCM & Durham

•• Cost of upgrades per home: $1,500Cost of upgrades per home: $1,500•• In 2009 cost would be: $700In 2009 cost would be: $700/home/home

Project CostsProject Costs

•• SubSub--metering: $8,500/home, split three metering: $8,500/home, split three ways for total of $170,000ways for total of $170,000

•• Data analysis and interpretation $96,000, Data analysis and interpretation $96,000, split 3 wayssplit 3 ways

•• Resident mtgs. $50,000, split 3 waysResident mtgs. $50,000, split 3 ways

•• Total cost: $450,000, Durham $178K, FCM Total cost: $450,000, Durham $178K, FCM $178K and $178K and NRCanNRCan $94K$94K

ResultsResults•• AllAll Study homes using less water, Study homes using less water,

electricity & natural gaselectricity & natural gas•• Not one Control home is using less than Not one Control home is using less than

any of the Study homesany of the Study homes

•• 22.5% reduction in indoor water use22.5% reduction in indoor water usebetween Study & Control Homesbetween Study & Control Homes

•• ReRe--read water meters in Oct. 2008 and read water meters in Oct. 2008 and 22% water savings are being sustained22% water savings are being sustained

Indoor Water SavingsIndoor Water Savings

11.2%-50%40.7%37.5%40.4%8.8%22.5%Percentage Savings

10.1L-6.7L48L6L42L17L115LVolumetric Savings

79.9L13.5L**70L10L60L176L396LStudy Group

90.0L6.8L*118L16L102L193L511LControl Group

ToiletDishwasher (hot)

Clothes Washer

(combined)

Clothes Washer

(hot)

Clothes Washer (cold)

Hot WaterTotal

Overall Demands

per Household

* equates to 1.3% of total household indoor water consumption** equates to 3.4% of total household indoor water consumption

Toilet Flush VolumesToilet Flush Volumes

3.11

6.12

3.96

5.84

6.8

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Caroma 3LCaroma 6LCapizziForemostEljer

Water Use/Capita/Day Water Use/Capita/Day

43 L43 L132 L132 L128 L128 LSavingsSavings

147 L147 L3.13.1456 L456 L504 L504 LStudyStudy

190 L190 L3.13.1591 L591 L632 L632 LControlControl

GCD/ GCD/ LCDLCD

Person/ Person/ HshldHshld

Nov Nov --AprilApril

Overall Overall UseUse

GroupGroup

Outdoor Water UseOutdoor Water Use

•• SubSub--metered the front and rear outdoor metered the front and rear outdoor faucetsfaucets

•• Monitored from May Monitored from May –– September 2007September 2007•• Xeriscape front garden only difference Xeriscape front garden only difference

between Study & Controlbetween Study & Control•• (Unusually?) Hot & dry summer(Unusually?) Hot & dry summer•• Upgraded subUpgraded sub--metered homes used 39% less metered homes used 39% less

waterwater•• 198 L/h versus 121 L/h198 L/h versus 121 L/h

Outdoor Water UseOutdoor Water UseOutdoor Water Demands - Sub-Metered Homes

(Includes both front and back hose bibbs)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

May June July AugustMonth

Avg

. Litr

es p

er H

ouse

hold

per

Day

Study Control

Avg. Outdoor Demand - May through AugustControl - 198 L/dayStudy - 121 L/day

Study & Control Electricity UseStudy & Control Electricity UseFigure 3

Energy Demand, kWh/dayNon-Sub-Metered Homes

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73

Home Number

kWh/

day

Study Control

Avg. demand Control = 19.8 kWh/day

Avg. demand Study = 17.2 kWh/day

SubSub--Metered Electricity UseMetered Electricity Use

No No Energy Energy

Star Std.Star Std.

1.211.211.171.17No No Energy Energy

Star Std.Star Std.

0.110.11--Energy Energy StarStar

2.012.011.411.411.251.252.512.510.200.20--Ener Ener GuideGuide

--9.8%9.8%15%15%--41%41%22%22%48%48%19%19%% % SavingsSavings

--0.120.120.230.23--0.120.120.520.520.100.103.93.9kWh kWh SavingsSavings

1.121.121.301.300.410.411.841.840.110.1117.017.0Study Study GroupGroup

1.021.021.531.530.290.292.362.360.210.2120.920.9Control Control GroupGroup

StoveStoveFridgeFridgeDishDish--WasherWasher

DryerDryerClothes Clothes WasherWasher

Main Main MeterMeter

All Figures All Figures in kWhin kWh

Natural Gas SavingsNatural Gas Savings

9.1%9.1%11.9%11.9%Savings %Savings %

0.590.590.880.88Savings mSavings m33

5.915.916.556.55Study GroupStudy Group

6.506.507.437.43Control GroupControl Group

NonNon--SubSub--MeteredMeteredmm33

SubSub--Metered Metered mm33

GroupGroup

Greenhouse Gas SavingsGreenhouse Gas Savings

•• Derived from: Derived from:

–– Water treatment reductionsWater treatment reductions–– Reduced water pumped to homesReduced water pumped to homes–– Less water heatingLess water heating–– Efficient water consuming appliancesEfficient water consuming appliances–– Reduced sewage treatmentReduced sewage treatment

Greenhouse Gas SavingsGreenhouse Gas Savings

•• Water Water = 0.04 = 0.04 tonnestonnes COCO22/year/year•• ElectricityElectricity = 0.76 = 0.76 tonnestonnes COCO22/year/year•• Natural GasNatural Gas = 0.39 = 0.39 tonnestonnes COCO22/year/year•• Total Total = 1.19 = 1.19 tonnestonnes COCO22/year/year

•• Equates to 10.7% COEquates to 10.7% CO2 2 reduction (using reduction (using Canadian figures for annual COCanadian figures for annual CO2 2

production)production)

Benefit/Cost RatioBenefit/Cost Ratio

•• Payback: Upgrade Cost of $735 Payback: Upgrade Cost of $735 ÷÷ $218 in $218 in savings = 3.4 year paybacksavings = 3.4 year payback

•• Less in 2008 dollars as fixtures & Less in 2008 dollars as fixtures & appliances costs have come downappliances costs have come down

$218.80$218.80Total Ave. SavingsTotal Ave. Savings

$75.25$75.25$0.35 per m$0.35 per m33215 m215 m33Nat. Gas SavingsNat. Gas Savings

$66.43$66.43$0.07 per kWh$0.07 per kWh949 kWh949 kWhEnergy SavingsEnergy Savings

$77.12$77.12$1.60 per m$1.60 per m3348.2 m48.2 m33Water SavingsWater Savings

Annual Cost Annual Cost SavingsSavings

Cost per UnitCost per UnitAnnual Resource Annual Resource SavingsSavings

ResourceResource

Next StepsNext Steps

•• Mandated to develop Regional Water Mandated to develop Regional Water Efficiency Standards for all new home Efficiency Standards for all new home constructionconstruction

•• Working with builders, town and city staff Working with builders, town and city staff in Durham to develop standardsin Durham to develop standards

•• Builders also approaching staff to make Builders also approaching staff to make development more water efficientdevelopment more water efficient

Regional StandardsRegional StandardsOptions such as: Options such as:

HETsHETs toilets toilets –– 4.8L or less,4.8L or less,HE showerheads HE showerheads –– 7.5 7.5 LpmLpmHot Water Recirculation, Hot Water Recirculation, Rainwater Harvesting (for toilets & Rainwater Harvesting (for toilets & irrigation), irrigation), onon--site site StormwaterStormwater mitigationmitigationBetter & deeper Top SoilBetter & deeper Top SoilXeriscapingXeriscaping & drought& drought--tolerant grass seedtolerant grass seed

•• Some optional, some mandatorySome optional, some mandatory

Potential ImpactPotential Impact

•• 2007: 4,685 new homes built in Durham2007: 4,685 new homes built in Durham•• 2006: 5,071 new home built2006: 5,071 new home built•• 4,800 homes built to 4,800 homes built to ‘‘efficientefficient’’ standard standard

would create infrastructure capacity for would create infrastructure capacity for over 1,000 homesover 1,000 homes

•• Would cost $2.9 million to build this Would cost $2.9 million to build this capacitycapacity

Water Efficiency ResourcesWater Efficiency Resources•• Canadian Water & Wastewater Canadian Water & Wastewater

AssociationAssociation’’s National Water Efficiency s National Water Efficiency Committee (NWEC) Committee (NWEC) ––www.cwwa.ca/net_conservation_e.aspwww.cwwa.ca/net_conservation_e.asp

•• Alliance for Water Efficiency Alliance for Water Efficiency --www.allianceforwaterefficiency.orgwww.allianceforwaterefficiency.org

•• The North American source for water The North American source for water efficiency expertiseefficiency expertise

Thank YouThank You

•• Questions?Questions?

Glen.pleasance@durham.caGlen.pleasance@durham.ca