making middle grades work: planning successful transitions presented by: barbara moore, associate...

Making Middle Grades Work: Planning Successful

Transitions

Presented by:Barbara Moore, Associate DirectorToni Eubank, Director

1

Rationale for transition

• School Improvement has identified effective transition

as a best practice to increase graduation rate!

• More students fail the 9th grade than any other grade

level.

• What is your 9th grade retention rate?

• Georgia has one of the highest drop-out rates in the

nation.

• What is your drop-out rate?2

Rationale for transition

• Adolescence is a confusing time for students due to the many emotional and physical changes that occur at this age.

• Transition has always been important to middle school educators; however, it is obvious better and/or more effective processes are needed.

• 8th grade in middle school is NOTHING like 9th grade in high school.

3

According to the Center for Educational Statistics…

In 2005, approximately In 2005, approximately 488,000 488,000 students dropped out of American students dropped out of American

high schoolshigh schools

4

Other Studies

In schools in which transition programs are fully operational, researchers saw a dropout rate of 8%, while schools without transition programs averaged 24% (Reents, 2002)

Difficult ninth-grade transitions can result in: flagging academic performance increased dropout rates reduced on-time graduation (problems particularly commonplace in large urban

settings)

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6

Educators are looking backwards to see where students falter as they move through school

The bottom line: The transition from middle grades to high school

represents the biggest challenge for America’s students.

Student Retention Rates

0

5

10

15

20

Perc

en

t

Reta

ined

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Grade

Other Studies

The dip in the number of students in tenth grade reflects both the large number of students not promoted to tenth grade as well as those students that drop out after ninth grade and before tenth grade. National High School Center

Ninth grade attrition is far more pronounced in urban, high-poverty schools: 40% of dropouts in low-income high schools left after ninth grade, compared to 27% in low poverty districts (EPE Research Center, 2006).

7

Other Studies

Racial disparities highlight the ninth grade bulge and tenth grade dip (Wheelock & Miao, 2005) most pronounced for African American and Latino

students. grade nine enrollment is 23–27% higher than

grade eight for AA and Latino; 6–8% higher for whites

attrition between grades nine and ten hovers around 20% for African American students; is stable around 7% for Caucasian students

8

Other Studies

More than one semester “F” in core subjects and fewer than five full course credits by the end of freshman year are key indicators that a student is not on track to graduate (Allensworth & Easton, 2005).

Low attendance during the first 30 days of the ninth grade year is a stronger indicator that a student will drop out than any other eighth grade predictor, including test scores, other academic achievement, and age (Jerald, 2006).9

10

When Asked “How Much Education I Will Complete by Age 30”

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

Percent

Less Than HSDiplomaHS Diploma

CT Certification

2-Yr. Degree

4-Yr. Degree

GraduateDegreeDon't Know

Source: HSTW Student Survey

1111

The Education Pipeline

0

20

40

60

80

100

9th Grade Graduate HS Enter College Return for 2ndYr.

Earn degrees3-6 yrs. Later

Source: The Bridge Project Stanford University11

Student vs. Parent Expectations Study conducted by Education Trust

Post high school plans for students 71% planned to attend a 4-year college 5% thought they would be working full time

Parents did not have the same expectations 52% of parents expected their students to

attend a 4-year college 11% thought students would be working full

time12

Fastest Growing Jobs Require Some Education Beyond High School

15

14

11

8

11

32

23

19

24

18

23

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Percent of Employment Growth

First-professional degree

Doctoral degree

Master's degree

Bachelor's or higher + work exp

Bachelor's degree

Associate degree

Work experience

Long-term OJT

Moderate-term OJT

Short-term OJT

Total13

1414

Business-Higher Education Forum

In 1950, 80 percent of the jobs were classified as “unskilled.”

Now, an estimated 85 percent are classified as “skilled,” requiring education beyond high school.

60 percent of future jobs will require training that only 20 percent of today’s workers possess.

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Goals of a Transition Program

Decrease the dropout rate in ninth and tenth grade

Increase the high school graduation rate Increase the number of students

prepared for college-preparatory courses in grades 9 and 10

15

Successful Transition Programs

Bring middle grades and high school personnel together to examine each other’s curriculum and requirements

Require all students to have a five-year educational plan by the end of eighth grade

Provide information on the new school for students and parents

Provide social support for students Focus on increasing parental involvement

16

Strategies that Ensure Successful Transitions

Middle Grades Curriculum that ensures readiness for high school

Extra Help: Gearing Up, Catching Up, Staying On Course

– Summer Bridge program in reading and math to help selected 8th-graders get ready for high school.

– Catch-up Course in 8th or 9th grades that will take students who are seriously below grade level and accelerate their learning in English and mathematics.

– Support Class - separate course for identified students; incorporated school-wide for all students

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Strategies that Ensure Successful Transitions

A Personalized Learning Environment that assigns a caring adult to mentor each students in grades six through eight.

Examine Transition Activities that prepare students, involve parents and build relationships between teachers and schools.

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What are one or two essential elements that need to be considered for effective transition efforts?

Think About

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What evidence of readiness for high school is required of every student by the end of the eighth grade?

Do grade level performance criteria describe the skills and qualities needed to do challenging work?

How has the school changed what is taught, how teachers teach, and how student performance is measured to better prepare students for high school?

Essential Questions

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Is student work evaluated consistently according to known criteria across classrooms and subjects?

Do all teachers expect essentially the same quality work? Do teachers facilitate this consistency through commonly created assessments?

How does the school help students who are having difficulty achieving the standards?

How does the school monitor progress for student achievement?

Essential Questions

Goals of Successful Transitions

Students will: complete college-preparatory English and Algebra I. declare a goal beyond high school that they can

visualize and commit to achieve. establish a connection with an adult who will assist

and support them throughout high school. develop effective study, relationship and time

management skills and other habits of success. develop an understanding that, through smart effort,

they can improve their achievement.22

Readiness for High School: Where Do We Stand?

Middle Grades Students in 2008:– 92% plan further study after high school.– 30% had intensive literacy experiences.– 26% had intensive numeracy experiences.

23

Readiness for High School: Where Do We Stand?

Middle Grades Students in 2008:– 22% of students did not talk to teachers or

other adults about 9th grade until 8th grade – 52% had no written plan for courses to take

in high school– 59% of students read 10 or less pages a day

both in and out of school

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What does it mean to improve student transitions from middle grades to high school?

Increasing the percentage of ninth-graders who have the knowledge and skills necessary for success in an academically rigorous high school curriculum.

25


Increasing the level of RIGOR in assignments and assessments in middle grades classrooms.– Vertical articulation between elementary,

middle and high school teachers– Reducing the amount of review of elementary

school content in middle grades

26


Developing more assignments at the proficient and advanced levels– Limiting basic level assignments to 25-35% – Increasing proficient and advanced

assignments to 65-75%– Adding far more assignments that require

students to analyze, apply, synthesize and evaluate content, not just memorize content

27

Defining “Proficient”

“Below Basic” denotes performance that is below grade level.

“Basic” Denotes partial mastery of prerequisite knowledge and skills that are fundamental for proficient work at each grade level.

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Defining “Proficient”

“Proficient” Represents solid academic performance for each grade assessed. Students reaching this level have demonstrated competency over challenging subject matter, including subject-matter knowledge, application of such knowledge to real world-situations, and analytical skills appropriate to the subject matter.

“Advanced” Signifies superior performance.

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3030

Let’s Practice!

Using the handout and the definitions of basic, proficient,

advanced, identify whether each item will elicit responses at the basic, proficient, or advanced

level.30

What Do Rigorous Activities Look Like

In English/language arts and reading– short writing assignments– major research paper – oral presentations– reading outside of school each day (30 minutes)– reading 25 books (or the equivalent) across the

curriculum (8-10 in English class)– word processing (sometimes); and– revise essays or written work to meet the

standard (sometimes).31


In Mathematics– Use the SREB publication

Getting Students Ready for College-preparatory/Honors English: What Middle Grades Students Need to Know and Be Able to Do to assess student preparedness for Algebra I and to guide curriculum and instructional revisions and end-of-course/end-of-grade assessments. Content from this publication may also be used as a guide when selecting textbooks.

32


In Mathematics– Use common end-of-grading-period exams to

assess progress.– Provide graphing calculators for all pre-algebra

and algebra classes, and frequent opportunities to use them.

– Increase the number of students completing Algebra I each year.

33


In Mathematics– Require students to discuss strategies and

solutions to problems– Require students to write short answer

explanations of how they solved problems– Encourage students to create/share their own

mathematics problems, and find examples of real-world problems and applications for recently learned concepts.

34


In Mathematics– Use SREB’s publication, Essential Competencies

for Middle Grades Mathematics Teachers as a resource to assess the professional development needs of mathematics teachers. SREB offers four online courses that address specific content and pedagogical skills needed by all middle grades mathematics teachers.

35


In Science– Process Indicators– design a scientific investigation– conduct a scientific investigation– analyze the finding of a scientific investigation– communicate and defend findings– evaluation other scientific investigations and apply

results

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In Science– Use SREB’s guide,

Getting Students Ready for College-preparatory/Honors Science: What Middle Grades Students Need to Know and Be Able to Do to assess student preparedness and to guide curriculum and instructional revisions.

– Organize each unit around an essential question and lab experience in which students formulate a hypothesis, design and carry out a study, present and analyze information, write a report and present it to the class.

37


In Science– Require students to demonstrate understanding by

using concepts to explain observations, make predictions and present information in multiple ways.

– Ensure that students frequently read science articles and analyze, discuss and write about them.

38


In social studies:– Have students analyze events and write for a variety of

purposes including written histories relative to multicultural, generational and gender perspectives.

– Require students to draw conclusions, make predictions and determine cause/effect relationships.

– Expand use of instructional strategies, including integration of technology, oral presentations, cooperative learning, project-based learning, student portfolios, analysis of primary sources and conflicts/current events, and the Socratic method of questioning.

39


In social studies:– Use a variety of materials including maps, globes and other

geographic and primary source materials to build on core content provided in the text.

– Examine a A History of Us by Joy Hakim. Written by a historian and journalist, this curriculum is highly engaging for adolescents and equally well received by students, parents and educators.

– Teaching Tolerance, the Southern Poverty Law Center magazine, provides a national forum for sharing techniques and exploring new ideas for teaching tolerance, diversity and justice.

40


In social studies– Require an annual research project that is increasingly

challenging. Each year can feature a different focus. – Use a variety of assessment methods that align with

national/state standards and measure student understanding of concepts and ability to apply skills.

– Civic education experts promote authentic, performance-based, integrative assessments.

– Use debates, simulations, mock elections, interviews with individuals for/against a relevant topic, and student demonstrations to assess student understanding of complex issues and situations.

41

Successful Transition Programs

Identify students at the end of grade six who may need help in making a successful transition

Get more students to complete at least one semester of college-preparatory Algebra 1 before grade nine

Require more reading

Help students aspire to education beyond high school

42

Site Specific Strategies: Preparing Students – Middle to High

Eighth Graders: Organize an annual Career Fair

– Every year students learn about different careers, requisite skills, future opportunities, etc.

Complete a College Research Project Complete research on career

– Combined book selection and research– Complete Kuder or other inventory– Process results with counselor or adviser to determine

interests, strengths, etc.

43


“Transition Days” when students attend school one day early at the start of the school year for special orientation activities.

– Students to get to know the faculty and the logistics of the school day

Host a Reality Fair– Booths representing ‘realities’: ‘Buying a Car/House’,

Insuring house/car, Healthcare, Opening a checking account, Taxes, etc.

– Students are engaged in different activities at each booth

44


Implement a job shadowing day for 8th/9th graders– Students develop interview questions– Students responsible for finding individual to shadow– Parents/students responsible for providing transportation– Teachers develop follow-up activities

Have eighth graders shadow ninth graders for a day– eat lunch in the cafeteria– meet with ninth grade teachers and club sponsors/coaches

45


Small-group sessions with high school counselors at the middle school

Provide a three-ring notebook about high school for each 8th grader (Student Survival Guide)

Establish a web site that provides information to incoming students

Schedule presentation about clubs, service organizations and athletics that students in which students can participate

– Students talk with students in these activities– Students meet faculty sponsors46


Passes or invitations to social/athletic events at the high school

High School 101 Class (mandatory)– Can be taught at 8th or 9th [or both] grade– Topics that address differences between middle grades and

high school; credits, GPA, programs of study, diploma tracks, etc.

– Incorporates study and organizational skills

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Site Specific Strategies: Preparing Students – Elementary to Middle

Jump Start program for all rising sixth-graders (ride the bus, get locker assignments, tour building, meet teachers, wear school T-shirt, receive schedule, etc.)

Sixth graders prepare a Middle School A-Z Book for all fifth graders.

Create Traveling Trunks’ that counselors use with rising sixth-graders.

Assign “Buddies” [upper class students] to support new students or students experiencing problems transitioning

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Site Specific: Personalized Strategies

Have sixth- and ninth graders answer incoming students questions in writing

Establish Student Ambassadors that provide tours and answer questions for any student new to the school

Have student hosts meet with rising students in small groups

Develop a PowerPoint entitled “Meet Your Teachers” and send to the teachers of rising sixth and ninth graders.

49

Johns Hopkins Research Findings on High School Dropouts

Although the study was on high school dropouts, the findings point to the middle grades – particularly sixth grade

We know that most middle grades students fail because they don’t do their work

– Utility (the extent to which students believed that the mathematics they were studying would be useful in life) was the strongest determinant of student effort.

– Intrinsic Interest (the extent to which students found mathematics classes interesting and exciting) had a significant effect upon students’ level of effort.

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Four Risk Factors of Study

Course Failure (Failing English or Math)– Course failure was a better predictor of not

graduating than were low test scores. Students who failed either a math or English/language arts course in the sixth grade rarely graduated from the school district. Ninth graders who fail rarely graduate and most often drop out before end of tenth grade.

More than one semester “F” in core subjects and fewer than five full course credits by the end of freshman year are key indicators that a student is not on track to graduate (Allensworth & Easton, 2005).

51


Course Failure (Failing English or Math) con’t.– Students who fail math or ELA and also have a

poor final behavior mark fall off the graduation track at even greater rates than students who fail math and English but receive good behavior marks

*The students in the JH study were from Philadelphia and their district had a separate grade for behaviors.

52


Attending school 80% or less of the time– Attending school less than 90% of the time in sixth grade

increases the chance that students will fall off the graduation track.

Intrinsic interest also had a significant effect upon student’s attendance.

– Supporting study showed that attendance during the first 30 days of the ninth grade year is a stronger indicator that a student will drop out than any other eighth grade predictor, including test scores, other academic achievement, and age

(Jerald, 2006).

53


Out of school suspension– Students in the cohort who were

suspended in 6th grade fell off the graduation track in large numbers.

– Academic press (the extent to which students felt both teachers and peers expected them to work hard and do their best) had a large effect upon student behavior

54


High Suspension Rates– 845 (6%) of 6th graders received one or more out of

school suspensions– 20% of those graduated within one year of on-time

graduation– 222 6th graders received in-school suspensions and – Only 17% of those remained on the graduation track

(the odds decreased even further for the 136 sixth graders who had two suspensions and the 74 students who had three or more.

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Early manifestation of academic and behavioral problems at the start of the middle grades do not self-correct, at least within the context of middle grades schools that serve high-poverty populations.

Schools must have strong intervention programs.

56


Parental involvement (how often parents helped with homework and the degree to which they felt welcome in the school), and intrinsic interest had significant effects upon students’ level of effort and their attendance.

57


Course failure was a better predictor of not graduation than were low test scores.

Students who failed either a math or ELA/reading course in grade six rarely graduated from the school district.

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A System of Extra Help

Develop a continuum of supports from elementary through grade twelve.

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Why Extra Help?

o reduce the failure rate

o reduce the middle grades retention rate

o increase the high school graduation rate

o encourage students to “stretch” themselves

o convince parents that the school cares

o achieving high standards builds student confidence

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What Works in Extra Help?

o Identify students early.o Modify schedules for re-teaching opportunities.o Provide examples of high quality work.o Provide guidelines that help students produce quality

work.o Emphasize the importance of attendance, readiness to

learn, and effort.o Allow students to redo work until it meets standards.o Provide time for teams of teachers to work together.

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Extra Help is NOT:

o remedial classes

o pullout sessions

o just “slowing things down”

o endless drill sheets

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Strategies for Extra Help

A schedule that allows extra periods in the regular school day in reading and mathematics.

Extra help and extra time for every student performing below grade level provided during the school day.

Connect extra help and time to clear expectations.

Develop criteria for placement into and out of required extra-help programs.

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Strategies for Extra Help

Offer assistance before, during and after school.

Create Small Learning Community or ninth grade academy

Ensure teacher teams are interdisciplinary

Vertically team with feeder or receiving school.

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Gearing Up

Identify sixth, seventh and eighth grade students who need extra preparation for challenging high school work, and provide them an enhanced middle grades program of reading, language arts and mathematics.

66

Strategies for Gearing Up

Identify students who need additional enrichment experiences in grades 7 and 8.

Prepare all teachers to engage students in reading and writing for learning.

Make learning more intellectual, engaging, and connected.

Help students find purpose and meaning in their studies.

67

Strategies for Gearing Up

• Incorporate real world connections and applications – how will students use this skill/knowledge in the future

• Develop high-level exploratory courses in grades 7 and 8 that give students more time to read, write and do mathematics.

• Utilize the career/education plan students have to help them see the need for working hard.

• Include a parent orientation.

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What’s happening in your district?

When does your school/district begin to prepare students for success in high

school?

What strategies are in place?

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Building a Bridge

Students exiting grade eight who are performing at the 40th percentile or lower, or who perform below grade level, attend a four to six week summer program.

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Strategies for Summer Bridge

o four- to six-week program for entering ninth-graders who need further study to succeed in high school

o focus on reading, mathematics, computer and study skills

o include career education components

o include high-interest, challenging activities

o strongest teachers teach this program

71


How do you ensure that students continue to learn in the summer?

What strategies are in place?

72

Catching Up

Eighth- and ninth-grade students not ready to take college-preparatory courses are enrolled in a “catch-up” course.

Curriculum includes double doses of language arts/reading and mathematics.

Catch-Up Course

Develop a semester or year-long course focusing on six key goals:– Build positive relationships that support academic

success– Develop effective study, time management and

organization skills - Habits of Success – Practice communication and mathematics skills– Help students set goals and develop a plan for high

school and beyond– Learn about school and community resources

available to assist students73

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Support Class Goals

Give students the extra assistance they will need to succeed with a rigorous curriculum.

Raise the overall achievement of participants, especially in reading, language arts, mathematics and science.

Help students attain grade-level proficiency in their courses.

Get students to accept responsibility for their own learning and success.

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Course Design

focus on 8th or 9th-graders who are not ready to take college-preparatory English and Algebra I

designed to get students “back on track” by the end of the year

uses a mastery learning approach in pacing instruction

80


What opportunities are available to students who need to catch up in eighth or ninth grade?

Provide Appropriate Guidance and Support for All Students

The school helps parents and students understand high school graduation requirements and knowledge and skills needed for success in postsecondary education and/or employment.

81

What does “provide guidance and support to all students” mean?

The school helps parents and students understand high school graduation requirements and knowledge and skills needed for success in postsecondary education and/or employment.

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Why Guidance and Advisement?

Every student needs help in setting an education goal and a tentative career goal.

Every student needs a plan aligned to his or her education and career goal.

Every student needs to have his or her parents involved in helping set goals.

Every student needs to feel a sense of personal belonging in school that comes from the teacher-adviser relationship.

Indicators of an Intensive Emphasis on Guidance

When students report: being encouraged by a counselor or teacher to

take Algebra in 6th, 7th or 8th grade. having a written plan for courses they plan to

take in high school. their parents and someone at school helped

them write their plan for courses they will take in high school.

84

Indicators of Guidance and Advisement

Students report talking to the following people about what classes to take in high school:

Network 2008

MMGW

Goal

guidance counselor 35% 85%

teachers 48% 85%

parents, guardians or other adults

75% 85%

85

Indicators of GuidanceTeacher Survey

Teachers: Network

2008

MMGW

Goal

Report being part of a structured guidance program.

42% 100%

Have a core group of students whom they advise.

44% 85%

Assist parents and their children in developing an educational plan of study for middle grades and HS.

42% 70%

86

Additional Indicatorsin the 2008 Assessment

Teachers or other adults at school talked to students about what they will need to know and be able to do in 9th grade.

Students take part in a parent-teacher-student conference about school work at least once a year.

87

Additional Indicatorsin the 2008 Assessment

Students report being able to easily talk with an adult at school about any problems.

Students and their parents or guardians met with a counselor, teacher, or another school rep. to plan their HS program of studies.

88


Improving school-student-family connections through regularly scheduled conferences and frequent communication– A required parent-student conference to develop

a 5- to 6- year plan for high school at least one or two years of post secondary education prior to the student leaving eighth grade.

– Communications about this plan should begin in grade six.

89


Making parents partners in getting students to complete assignments

Providing and requiring extra help for students whose work is below proficient

Stop letting students off the hook for learning and completing assignments– Requiring students to complete all

assignments (Power of I) in grades 6-9

90

Site Specific Strategies: Involving Parents

Sneak Peek Preview Night for Parents– Schedule in Spring for parents of rising sixth graders– Orientation on unique characteristics of young adolescents– Description of middle school teaming– Opportunities for parent involvement at the middle school– Sixth-grade teachers serve as guides for tour of building

“Charting Your Child’s Future” program to increase parent awareness and interest in planning for their children’s future.

91


Host a Data Dinner (or Dessert Night) to help parents review student progress and understand how their children are progressing in meeting standards.

Parent workshops regarding high school programs, career development, high school procedures, athletic eligibility, high school curriculum, extracurricular activities, college admission criteria

92


Plan special occasions such as “Take Your Parent to School Day” and the Family Day Picnic

Culminating Celebrations: “Crossing the Bridge” Ceremony

Develop a 9th grade newsletter that parents begin to receive when their child is in the second semester of the 8th grade

Create a parent brochure from the surveys on “Moving to High School” to help relieve parent anxieties

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94


What strategies are in place to provide guidance and advisement for students in your district?

95

Why Should Teachers Work Together?

o Learn goals in other classes

o Teacher sharing

o Joint teacher planning

o Connections among classes

o Teacher leadership

Effective Transition programs

Schedule meetings between collaborative groups from sending and receiving schools – both students and adults

Assess the human and financial resources available for support

Identify student and adult leaders from all schools to help with the transition

Establish a transition protocol that can be easily replicated and updated annually with little effort.

96

Effective Transition programs

Building a sense of community between the two levels. – Many meetings between teachers, administrators,

transportation, and central office to organize/sign-off on plan

Responding to the needs and concerns of students, parents/guardians and staff.– Parents must be involved in every stage of process to

keep parents coming to school with their children Providing appropriate, developmental strategies to

facilitate the transition process no later than the 8th grade– 9th grade is too late to help students with transition.97

Ideas for establishing a program

Create activities that will involve students, parents, and staff from both schools in the transition process.

Develop opportunities for students and parents to receive information regarding high school programs and procedures:

• web site, parent workshops, newsletters, emails, brochures, career fairs, teacher-as-advisor activities; senior led seminars for 8th graders; peer mentoring for freshmen

Back at your school, visit with teachers during their planning to help create these activities and “pick their brains” for information.

98

Site Specific Strategies: Building Relationships between Schools

Create a transition team of teachers, counselors, parents and students from the middle and high school that meets regularly to identify issues and propose transition activities and improvements based on annual evaluations

Professional development on the development of young adolescents to high school teachers

Establish a timeline (6th-8th grade) for the transition process.

99


Organize Teacher Swap Days– Elementary/Middle– Middle/High– Between Grade Levels

Strong teacher-as-advisor program or mentoring program to focus on personal/social issues, academic issues, and career development

Annual joint faculty meeting to identify common concerns and opportunities

Establish Teacher Shadowing/Peer Observation Program

100


Schedule regular collaborative meetings between groups from sending and receiving schools to discuss transition issues (vertical teaming; vertical curriculum alignment)

Create a transition team with representatives from sending and receiving schools.

– Charge: Develop Transitions Plan that ensures a continuum of information and activities

– Plan specifies the what, when, who, and how– District and school teams– Include administrator(s), counselors, teachers, students,

parents, district personnel, community/business partners– Teams determine resources needed

101

Next Steps Planning

Complete Transition Team Process Planning form

Refer to SREB’s Conditions for Successful Transitions as a guide

– What is taught– What is expected– How we teach– How we transition– How we support students– How we relate to each other– How we relate to families

102

Contact Information

Toni [email protected]

Barbara [email protected]

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making middle grades work: planning successful transitions presented by: barbara moore, associate...

Documents

grade attrition

grade year

grade transitions

grade bulge

grade predictor

grade level

th grade retention rate

latino students