making case drug free comm program

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Substance Abuse PreventionBriefing

Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America


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Ignoring Drug and AlcoholPrevention Is Costly

1US, Dept of Justice NDIC, The Economic Impact of Illicit Drug Use on American Society, 20112 Rehm J, Mathers C, Popova S, Thavorncharoensap M, Teerawattananon Y, Patra J. Global burden of disease and injury and economic cost attributable to alcohol use and alcohol-usedisorders. Lancet. 2009 Jun 27;373(9682):2223-33. [Table 4]3

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Best Practices forComprehensive Tobacco Control Programs2007. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for DiseaseControl and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; October 2007

The total overall costs of substance abusein the U.S., including productivity, health andcrime-related costs, exceed $600 billion annually.

This includes approximately:

$193 billion for illicit drugs1 $235 billion for alcohol2 $193 billion for tobacco3


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Cost/Benefit For Prevention

Prevention Yields Huge Savings

Effective substance abuse prevention can yield major economicdividends. For every dollar invested in prevention between$2.00 to $20.00 can be saved.1

1 Swisher, J.D., Scherer, J. and Yin, K. (October, 2004). The Journal of Primary Prevention.Cost-benefit estimates in prevention research.25:2.


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What the Research Shows ToSupport the Need For

Prevention Drug addiction is a developmental disorder that begins

in adolescence, sometimes as early as childhood, forwhich effective prevention is critical.1

1 Quote by Dr. Nora Volkow, Director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse


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National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, 2003.National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, 2003.

AgeAge

Age at tobacco, alcohol and cannabis dependence per DSM IV

0.0%0.0%

0.2%0.2%

0.4%0.4%

0.6%0.6%

0.8%0.8%

1.0%1.0%

1.2%1.2%

1.4%1.4%

1.6%1.6%

1.8%1.8%

55 1010 1515 2121 2525 3030 3535 4040 4545 5050 5555 6060 6565

%

ineachagegrou

pwhodevelop

%

ineachagegrou

pwhodevelop

dependen

ce

dependence

CANNABISALCOHOL

TOBACCO

ADDICTION IS A DEVELOPMENTAL DISEASEthat starts in adolescence and childhood

ADDICTION IS A DEVELOPMENTAL DISEASEthat starts in adolescence and childhood


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Increasing the Age of Initiation is Key

Adolescents who begin drinking before the age of 15 are four times more likelyto develop alcohol dependence. Each additional year of delayed drinking onsetreduces the probability of alcohol dependence by 14%.1

Of youth who began drinking before age 15, 40% were classified as dependentlater in life. 2

Children who first smoke marijuana under the age of 14 are more than fivetimes as likely to abuse drugs as adults, than those who first use marijuana atage 18.3

1 National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (2006). Underage Drinking A Growing Healthcare Concern. Available:

http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/PSA/underagepg2.htm.2Grant, B.F., and Dawson, D.A. Age at onset of alcohol use and its association with DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence: Results from the National

Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey.J Sub Abuse 9:103-110, 1997.3The National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) report. August 23, 2002. Available:

http://oas.samhsa.gov/2k2/MJ&dependence/MJdependence.htm


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Peer Drug Use and Lower TestScores

Kids Count StudyState of WA1Findings link lower test scores to peer substance abuse - not to individual studentuse as one might expect.

Students whose peers had little or no involvement with drinking or drugs scoredhigher onstandardized tests, while those whose peers were involved with drinkingor drugs failed to meet the requirements of the standardized tests.

On average, students whose peers avoided substance use had test scores(measured by the Washington Assessment of Student Learning reading and mathscores) that were 18 points higher for reading, and 45 points higher for math

1 Bence, M., Brandon, R., Lee, I., Tran, H. University of Washington. (2000).Impact of peer substance use on middle school

performance in Washington: Summary. Washington Kids Count/University of WA: Seattle, WA. Available:

http://www.hspc.org/wkc/special/pdf/peer_sub_091200.pdf


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Perception of Risk and SocialDisapproval

Research demonstrates that illegal druguse among youth declines as theperception of risk and social disapproval

increases.


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SOURCE: University of Michigan, 2009 Monitoring the Future Study

12th Graders Past Year Marijuana Usevs. Perceived Risk of Occasional

Marijuana Use



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Percent Perceiving Great Risk of Smoking

Marijuana Regularly



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Percent of Students Reporting MarijuanaUse, Cigarette Use in Past Month, by

Grade

SOURCE: University of Michigan, 2011 Monitoring the Future StudyDenotes significant difference

between 2010 and 2011.


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0

20

40

60

80

100

91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11

Try once or twice Take regularly

Percent Perceiving Great Risk of TakingAmphetamines among 12th Graders



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The 2011 Monitoring the Future Survey also found that nearly 1 in 20 of all12th graders reported the nonmedical use of OxyContin in the past year.


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