maintaining non‐metallic elevator · pdf file• back legging (product discharge late or...
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MAINTAINING NON METALLICMAINTAINING NON‐METALLIC ELEVATOR BUCKETSELEVATOR BUCKETS
Maximizing elevator efficiency and meeting customer requirements
By Thorsten Rogner
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Modern Plastic BucketModern Plastic Bucket
Advantages versus SteelAdvantages versus Steel
• Light Weight (energy efficient)
S ki (• Non‐Sparking (prevents explosions)
• Rust Free
• Food Grade
• Flexible (plastic memory)
• Comparable Durability• Comparable Durability
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Identifying Elevator BucketsIdentifying Elevator Buckets
• StyleStyle
• Material
i i• Dimensions
• Speed
• Discharge method
• Conveying typeConveying type
• Product to be conveyed
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Bucket StylesBucket Styles
CC Styley
European Style
AA St lAA Style
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CC Style Grain BucketCC Style Grain Bucket
• CC Style or Close Centers – Originally g yintroduced by K.I. Willis in 1938. Has
id l di han ideal discharge trajectory over a wide range ofwide range of speeds and pulley diameters
52o
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AA Style BucketAA Style Bucket
• OriginallyOriginally manufactured in steel by Link Belt Companyby Link Belt Company
• Mounted on chain or beltbelt
• Slow moving if l di hcentrifugal discharge
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CCHD vs. AA Style BucketsCCHD vs. AA Style Buckets
• Both centrifugal dischargeBoth centrifugal discharge
• Operating speedsCCHD t t th 300 ft i t– CCHD runs at greater than 300 ft per minute
– AA runs at less that 300 ft per minute
• Vertical Bucket spacing– CCHD can be spaced as close as physically possible
– AA requires additional spacing
• Different Bucket Geometry y
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Different Bucket GeometriesDifferent Bucket Geometries
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Centrifugal Force on the CC Style g yBucket
CCHD Other
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INTERPRETING CUSTOMERINTERPRETING CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS
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What Product?
Determine the type of product to be conveyed
What Product?
Determine the type of product to be conveyed
- Size and shape
lk d i- Bulk density
- Temperature
- Flow‐ability
- Moisture contentMoisture content
- Abrasion
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What Capacity?What Capacity?
Determine the throughput requirementDetermine the throughput requirement
- What stage of material processing (i.e.. receiving processing mixing)receiving, processing, mixing)
- Required capacity (i.e.. metric tons, bushels, kil )kilograms)
- Elevation height (distance between the bottom and top pulley heads)
- Speed of the elevator p
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Specifying the BucketSpecifying the Bucket
(A) length (B) projection and (C) depth(A) length, (B) projection, and (C) depth.
(T) thickness, (WL) water level, (E) Hole Centers
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Specifying the Bucketp y g
Belt not less than 1” wider than bucket.
Bucket Trunking
Length Width
1 – 8” + 3
9 – 12” + 4
13 – 15” + 5
16” + + 66 6
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Specifying the BucketSpecifying the Bucket
Calculating
Elevator
Capacity
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Specifying the BucketSpecifying the Bucket
Vertical Spacing of BucketsVertical Spacing of Buckets• Traditional Spacing: +2” Nominal Projection• Modern Spacing: +1” Nominal Projection• Modern Spacing: +1 Nominal Projection• Low Profile: ‐1” less than nominal projection
(However, 0” to <2” has been achieved for both t l )styles)
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Adding Capacity with Low ProfileAdding Capacity with Low Profile
• Low Profile –Bucket back and ends are cut down to allow for closer vertical spacing onvertical spacing on the belt and thereby increasingthereby increasing capacity.
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LONGER LIFE WITH THE CORRECTPOLYETHYLENE, NYLON, URETHANE
LONGER LIFE WITH THE CORRECT PLASTIC
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Which Plastic ?Which Plastic ?
• High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
• Thermoplastic Polyurethane (Urethane)
• Impact Modified Nylon (Nylon)• Impact Modified Nylon (Nylon)
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Which Plastic ?Which Plastic ?High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
• Economical
• Tough and flexible
• Light weight
• Food Grade Material (FDA)
Grains, Feeds, Fertilizers, Seeds and Food Products
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Which Plastic ?Which Plastic ?
Urethane• More flexible than Nylon and Polyethylene• Extreme abrasion resistance• Clean discharge of “sticky” products• High throughput elevators handling a wide variety of inputs
• Available with food grade additive
Pelletized feeds, soybeans, oyster shells, beans, buck wheat and paddy ricewheat and paddy rice.
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Which Plastic ?Which Plastic ?
NylonNylon
• More rigid than Polyethylene or Urethane
• Outstanding impact resistance• Outstanding impact resistance
• Abrasion resistance
Hi h th h t l t h dli id i t f• High throughput elevators handling a wide variety of inputs
• Available with food grade additive• Available with food grade additive
S b f tili lt d d h i lSoybeans, fertilizers, salt, sand and chemicals
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SOLVING ISSUES IN BUCKETVENTING AND MAINTINANCE
SOLVING ISSUES IN BUCKET ELEVATORS
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Common Bucket Elevator ProblemsCommon Bucket Elevator Problems
• Product sticking in bucketProduct sticking in bucket
• Back legging (product discharge late or early)
l• Loose Bolts
• Broken buckets
• Excessive wear
• Insufficient capacityInsufficient capacity
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Bucket VentingBucket Venting• Venting can improve efficiency
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Bucket VentingBucket Venting
V ti i ffi iVenting can improve efficiency.• For dense materials, such as flour, meals or mash feeds,
the vents allow air to escape as the cups fill. During p p gdischarge, air can return into the cup preventing a vacuum that could hold product in the cup and cause back legging.gg g
• For extremely light materials such as alfalfa or bran, venting minimizes blowing and turbulence in the leg. A reduction in air currents minimizes the vacuum whichreduction in air currents minimizes the vacuum which can draw a light product through the down leg and back to the boot.
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Normal WearNormal Wear
Lip and front corners wornLip and front corners worn
• Reduces bucket capacity / inefficient discharge
• Replace
b kbucket.
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Signs of Abnormal WearSigns of Abnormal Wear
New bucket Damaged bucket
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Signs of Abnormal WearSigns of Abnormal Wear
Side abraded due to contact with elevator casing.• Reduces bucket life.
• Adjust belt tracking.• Tighten belt.
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Signs of Abnormal WearSigns of Abnormal WearWorn and torn from inside. Sandblast effect due to excessive
entrance velocityentrance velocity.• Reduces bucket life / effects capacity
• Replace with urethane bucket.
• Reduce conveyor input feed speed or install baffles.
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Signs of Abnormal WearSigns of Abnormal WearFront lip stretched out or broken due to impact with internal
obstructionobstruction.• Reduces bucket life / inefficient discharge• Check casing, boot and throat plate clearances and for
obstructions such as inspection doors or tramp metal. Tighten belt. Replace with Nylon.
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Signs of Abnormal WearSigns of Abnormal Wear
Sticky build up.y p
• Reduces bucket life. Adds weight and decreases capacity
• Replace with
Urethane
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Signs of Abnormal WearSigns of Abnormal Wear
• Extreme temperatures can weaken bucket integrity
Polyethylene: Min:+93°C Max: +93°CNylon: Min: ‐40°C Max: +135°CUrethane: Min: ‐51°C Max: +100°C
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Elevator Discharge Check ListElevator Discharge Check List
• Bucket venting
• Belt tightness
• Pulley lagging
• Throat plate
• Spouting size
• Bucket filling speedg p
• Belt speed
• Motor drive to shaft V belt
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SummarySummary
• Check for damaged buckets or loose boltsCheck for damaged buckets or loose bolts• Correctly replace worn buckets• Check for belt wear stretch or de‐lamination• Check for belt wear, stretch or de‐lamination• Clean the boot areaCh k th t l t d dj t if• Check throat plate and adjust if necessary
• Clean around the elevator and drive i tequipment
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SummarySummary
To maximize elevator throughput andthroughput and efficiency, have a
regularly scheduled inspection program
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MAINTAINING NON METALLICMAINTAINING NON‐METALLIC ELEVATOR BUCKETSELEVATOR BUCKETS
Maximizing elevator efficiency and meeting customer requirements
By Thorsten Rogner