MAIN CHARACTER’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS IN BEGIN AGAIN FILM

A Thesis

Submitted to Faculty of Adab and Humanities

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Strata One (S1)

EVI NURLATIFAH

1111026000018

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH

JAKARTA

2017

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ABSTRACT

Evi Nurlatifah, Main Character’s Hierarchy of Needs in Begin Again Film. Athesis: English Letters Department, Faculty of Adab and Humanities, State IslamicUniversity Jakarta, 2017.

This research focuses on analyzing what needs that cannot be fulfilled by DanMulligan as the main character and how he fulfills his needs in Begin Again filmusing Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. The writer identifies thecharacteristic of Dan and analyzes the needs that are not fulfilled and the problemof the main character which revealed alongside his effort to gain back his needs.

From the analysis of the film, the writer finds Dan Mulligan characteristics arehard worker, idealist, arrogant, too occupied with his job, and alcoholic. In thecontext of hierarchy of needs, Dan did not move to the higher level of needs(esteem needs) because his lower needs (love and belonging needs) are not entirelysatisfied. He went through unhealthy relationship, got divorce and separated fromhis daughter. In the end, he gained back love from his friends and family. He gotclose to his daughter again and he was in healthy relationship with his wife. Hefound affection, love and trust for each other so his love and belonging needs areentirely satisfied for him. Therefore he could move to the next level of needs andfulfilled his esteem needs. Dan’s characteristics also took an important role to helphim in fulfilling his love and belonging and esteem needs.

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DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of

my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by

another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the

award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher

learning, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text.

Jakarta, May 2017

Evi Nurlatifah

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Bismillaahirrahmaanirrahii…

All praises be to Allah SWT, the Lord of the Universe, who has given His love,

affection, and health in doing and completing this thesis. Peace and bless be upon to

the greatest prophet who we all adore; Muhammad SAW who had changed the

world into the better place to live.

First of all, the writer would like to express her sincerest and ingenuous

gratitude to her beloved mother, Unih Maryanih, who has given all support,

motivation, and prays to the writer in finishing her research and study. She also

taught the writer that education is a privilege. No matter how expensive the cost she

has to deal with, she always find a way and making sure that the writer had uplifting

foundation. The writer feel so blessed to have been raised by her because she

constantly helped the writer finds her way trying many of the options which

eventually has led the writer finds her dream and passion.

Secondly, the writer is heartily thankful to Mrs. Inayatul Chusna, M.Hum., as

the writer’s advisor, whose guidance, patient, kindness, criticisms, corrections, and

encouragement from the initial to the final level enable her to develop an

understanding of the subject and complete this research.

Furthermore, the writer also would like to convey her sincere gratitude

particularly to:

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1. Prof. Dr. Sukron Kamil, M. Ag., the Dean of Letters and Humanities

Faculty.

2. Drs. Saefudin, M. Pd., the Head of English Letters Department.

3. Elve Oktafiyani, M. Hum., the Secretary of English Letters

Department.

4. The examiners in the thesis examination, Mrs. Maria Ulfa, M.A,

M.Hum., and Mrs. Ida Rosida, M.Hum., for the advices and

suggestions.

5. All lecturers of English Letters Department who have taught and

educated the writer during her study at UIN Syarif Hidayatullah

Jakarta.

6. The beloved and lunatic P.I.C mates (Anna, Irfa, Sabil and Fajar) who

always encourage the writer during her inconvenient time. Thank you

for the years filled with a hundred smiles, a thousand jokes and laughs,

and a million stories and memories.

7. All family of UKM Bahasa-FLAT especially La Flamme, thank you

for accepting the writer the way she is as a part of the prodigious

family.

8. The writer’s classmate in English Letters 2011, mainly the Literature

class who have given her a hand in the process of finishing this

research.

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9. YG Family especially Winner, Bigbang and 2NE1 members, who

always supported the writer morally and taught her that the effort will

never betray the result.

10. To those that the writer cannot mention one by one either who directly

or indirectly helping her completing this research.

Finally, the writer hopes this research will be useful especially for the writer

and those who are interested in it. May Allah bless us. Amin.

Jakarta, May 2017

The Writer

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TABLE OF CONTENT

ABSTRACT......................................................................................................... i

APPROVAL SHEET.......................................................................................... ii

LEGALIZATION............................................................................................... iii

DECLARATION................................................................................................ iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT................................................................................... v

TABLE OF CONTENT.................................................................................... viii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION........................................................................ 1

A. Background of the Study............................................................................. 1

B. Focus of the Study...................................................................................... 3

C. Research Questions..................................................................................... 4

D. Significance of the Study............................................................................ 4

E. Research Methodology............................................................................... 4

1. The Objectives of the Study............................................................... 5

2. The Method of the Study................................................................... 5

3. The Technique of Data Analysis........................................................ 5

4. The Instrument of the Study................................................................. 6

5. The Unit of Analysis.......................................................................... 6

CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK............................................ 7

A. Previous Researches.................................................................................... 7

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B. Character........................................................................................................ 9

C. Characterization............................................................................................. 9

1. Characterization through Appearance................................................. 10

2. Characterization through Dialogue...................................................... 10

3. Characterization through Action.......................................................... 10

4. Characterization through Reaction of Other Character................... 10

D. The Hierarchy of Human Needs Theory.................................................... 11

1. Psychological Needs........................................................................ 13

2. Safety Needs.................................................................................... 13

3. Love and Belonging Needs.............................................................. 13

4. Self-Esteem Needs........................................................................... 14

5. Self-Actualization Needs................................................................. 14

CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDINGS........................................................ 16

A. Character Analysis..................................................................................... 16

B. Main Character’s Hierarchy of Needs Analysis......................................... 22

CHAPTER IV CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS………................... 40

A. Conclusions.................................................................................................. 40

B. Suggestions................................................................................................... 41

REFERENCES............................................................... .................................. 42

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

For most people, watching film is either a passion or a preferred hobby (Narula

223). Beside passion and hobby, many people watched films to study and to get

inspired. Because film somewhat have a similarity to reality and everyday life. It

could be argued that there is a relation between film and reality, and this relation

can happen because film can mediate reality, like an opinion from Andrew that “No

one would deny that cinema mediates reality for us” (Andrew 33). Film as a media

which could give a picture of reality may give some lessons from the way it

illustrated the world around us. The lesson from the film we may get from the

dimensions that appear in it, such as social, philosophical, political, or

psychological (Villarejo 6).

Discussing about psychological dimension in film, perhaps it is one of the

reasons that there are many studies about psychology in film. Beside cognitive

approach, there is also psychoanalytic approach in studying film, because there are

some films that used psychoanalytic ideas too. It was also written by Toby and

Robert stated that “Film theorists, critics, and commentators have been driven to

psychoanalytic ideas to explain cinema, because cinema seems to display a

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fundamental kinship with the irrational that psychoanalytic seeks to explain”

(Villarejo 124).

Psychology is one of the ideas that always brought to the silver screen, and

Abraham Maslow hierarchy of needs theory has its fame as one of psychological

theme in films. Maslow stated people are motivated to achieve certain needs and

some needs take precedence over others. Our most basic need is physical survival,

and this will be the first thing that motivates our behavior. Once that level is

fulfilled the next level up is what motivates us, and so on. According to Maslow,

there are five stages of hierarchy of needs theory. There are: psychological needs,

safety needs, belongingness and love needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization

needs. These five levels divided into deficiency needs and growth needs. The first

four levels are often referred to as deficiency needs (D-needs), and the top level is

known as growth or being needs (B-needs) (McLeod).

Begin Again is a film which its main character deal with fulfilling his/her

needs. Written and directed by John Carney, Begin Again told the story of Dan

Mulligan, a formerly successful record label co-founder lived in New York who

struggled to keep up with the changing music industry. After being fired from his

job, he went on a drinking which led him to a bar in the Lower East Side where he

met Gretta James, the creative and independent songwriter. Interested by her music,

Dan offered her to sign to his former label, Distressed Record. At first, she initially

refused but reconsidered the offer and agreed. Dan and Gretta met with Saul, his

business partner, but he thought their music would not be a big hit. Dan suggested

that they have to produce their own album together. Dan is not only tried to gain

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back his esteem needs by keep struggling with the new music industry every day,

but also his love and belonging needs which is lost because of the divorce. He

struggled with the divorce and separated from his daughter. It seems the divorce

made his life and career ruined and he also became an alcoholic for years. However,

his meeting with Gretta made him into an optimistic and he started to gain back his

lost needs. During the time, Dan and Gretta bonded both personally and

professionally.

The writer is interested in studying Dan Mulligan as the main character in film

Begin Again because there is the effort from Dan to fulfill and satisfy his needs. The

writer wanted to know more about the characteristics of Dan Mulligan and his

needs. However, there are some needs that cannot be fulfilled by Dan Mulligan. It is

indicated that he is not entirely satisfied with his needs at the first time, that is why

he cannot move to the higher level needs. For this reason, the writer carries out the

study to know how Dan Mulligan fulfills his needs viewed from Abraham

Maslow’s theory of hierarchy of needs.

B. Focus of the Study

Based on the background of study above, the writer analyzes Dan Mulligan as

the main character in Begin Again film and identify what needs that he cannot fulfill

and how his effort to fulfill the needs viewed by hierarchy of needs theory by

Abraham Maslow.

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C. Research Questions

According to the background of study, the writer concentrates and limits it by

formulating the research questions as follow:

1. How is the main character Dan Mulligan in Begin Again film described?

2. What needs cannot be entirely fulfilled by Dan Mulligan and how does he

fulfill back his needs in Begin Again film according to Abraham Maslow’s

theory?

D. Significance of the Study

The writer hopes that this study can be useful for the readers who are

interested in film-field discussion through literature studies, especially for those

who want to know more about Abraham Maslow’s theory, the Hierarchy of Needs.

Meanwhile, the writer also wishes to understand and to trace the meaningful of the

main character’s characteristics and the efforts of fulfilling his hierarchy of needs in

film Begin Again. Furthermore, hopefully the result of this study can be used as an

input in literary studies.

E. Research Methodology

Research methodology is including method of the study, objective of the

study, technique of the study, instrument of the study, and unit analysis.

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1. The Objectives of the Study

The objective of the research is to know the description of Dan as

main character and how Dan fulfills his hierarchy of needs in Begin

Again film viewed by Abraham Maslow’s theory.

2. The Method of the Study

The method of the study in this research is a qualitative method; it

uses descriptive analysis technique because the characteristic from

qualitative research is descriptive. It means the data collected is in the

form of words and pictures rather than number (Sugiyono 9). Peter

Woods mentioned, qualitative research is concerned with life as it is lived

and things as they happen and the researchers seek lived experiences in

real situations. This is an attempt to ensure that data and analysis will

closely reflect what is happening (Woods 3). The writer does the research

by describing and analyzing the characteristics of Dan in Begin Again

film. The collected data such as dialogues and pictures will be analyzed

by Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory.

3. The Technique of Data Analysis

The writer analyzes the collected data through some phrases; (a) the

writer watches the film carefully for several time; (b) the writer gathers

data including dialogues, pictures, and ideas related to the research

question; (c) the writer analyzes data in order to know the characteristics

of Dan in Begin Again film and how he fulfill his hierarchy of needs by

using Abraham Maslow theory.

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4. The Instrument of the study

The writer herself is the main instrument of the research. As the

subject, the writer is watching the movie, understanding, making notes

about movie quotation and scene of the film, and analyzing the related

data according to Hierarchy of Needs theory. The writer is also

collecting, reading, and understanding some related data and sources.

5. The Unit of Analysis

The unit of analysis of the research is Begin Again written and

directed by John Carney, distributed by The Weinstein Company,

released on June 27th 2014.

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CHAPTER II

THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

A. Previous Researches

Begin Again film has been analyzed by other writers, there are: The first

previous research is “A Subtitling Analysis of Simple Sentence in Begin Again by

Dhikancut” by Wahyu Setiawan from University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta

(2016). This research focuses on the subtitling analysis of simple sentence in

Begin Again using Gottlieb’s theory about subtitling strategy and Nababan’s

theory about subtitling readabilty. The objectives of the research are: to identify

the subtitling strategies of simple sentence and to describe the subtitling

readability of simple sentence found in Begin Again movie. As a result, the

researcher obtains 1612 data. There are Expansion 0,68%, Paraphrase 14,27%,

Transfer 70,91%, Imitation 2,85%, Condensation 1,55%, Deletion 9,62%, and

Resignation 0,12%. The most subtitling strategy used is Transfer, because the

subtitler translates the source text completely and accurately. From 1612 data,

there are two Resignation strategy and it is not able to be analyzed. There are

1601 data has 3 score of readability level or 99,44% and 9 data has 2 score of

readability level or 0,56%. It shows that the most readability level in this research

is high. It can be concluded that Begin Again (2013) movie subtitle is readable

(Setiawan).

The second is “An Analysis of Subtitling Strategy and Readability in the

Subtitle of: Begin Again movie” by Hafidatun Awaliyah Almunawaroh from

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University of Soedirman (2016). The study was aimed to analyze the subtitling

strategy by the subtitler in translating Begin Again movie into Indonesian and to

know how the readability of the translation itself. Dan’s – the main character –

utterances are the primary data source of the research. The data were analyzed

using the theory of subtitling strategy by Gottlieb which included expansion,

paraphrase, transfer, imitation, transcription, dislocation, condensation,

decimation, deletion, resignation. The result of the research shows there are 81

Dan’s utterances that contain subtitling strategy. The classifications are as

follows: expansion strategy (14 utterances), paraphrase strategy (5 utterances),

transfer (strategy 16 utterances), imitation strategy (7 utterances), transcription

strategy (6 utterances), dislocation strategy (3 utterances), condensation strategy

(4 utterances), decimation strategy (14 utterances), and deletion strategy (12

utterances). Thus, the most frequent data in subtitling strategy is transfer strategy

with 16 data. Out of 81 data 67 data are readable, 12 data are less readable, and

only 2 data are unreadable. In brief, it can be concluded that Begin Again subtitle

belongs to readable subtitle, with appropriate strategies applied to make the

subtitle readable by Indonesian viewers (Almunawaroh).

From the previous research above, the writer concluded that this study is

different from the previous one, because the writer here focuses on the narrative

aspect and analyze the film by using Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

theory. The writer hopes her research can enrich and complete the sources related

to the film.

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B. Character

In a film, character is an important element that will develop the story

because character is a person who carries out the events of film and then those

events become story. A character, then, is presumably an imagined person who

inhabits a story although that definition may admit to a few expectations

(Kennedy 45). Character is another essential element of film narrative, play

functional roles within the plot, either acting or being acted on. Stories cannot be

exist if either plot or characters are missing (Barsam 72). It is not surprising, then,

that when we watch television programs, see movies, or read literature, most of us

pay close attention to the people – the character – whose lives unfold before us

(Stanford 31-32).

C. Characterization

Characterization is the process by which the writer reveals the personality of

character. To be interesting in character, character must seem real, understandable

and worth caring about (Boggs and Petrie 50). Joseph M. Boggs and Dennies W.

Petrie define eight different techniques usually used to analyzed characters in

films, there are; characterization through appearance, dialogue, action, reaction of

other characters, choice of name, contrast, and through caricature and leitmotif.

But the writer will only discuss some characterization techniques that will be used

in this study, such as:

1. Characterization through appearance. The minute we see most actor

on the screen, we make certain assumptions about them because of their

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facial features, dress, physical build, mannerism and the way they

move. Our first visual impression may be proven erroneous as the story

progresses, but it is certainly an important means of establishing

character (60).

2. Characterization through dialogue. The characters are revealed their

characteristics in the film by how they say: true thoughts, attitudes,

emotions can be revealed in subtle ways through word choices and the

stress, pitch and pause pattern of their speech (61).

3. Characterization through action. Judging the character through their

action is definitely a certain thing. There are external and internal

actions. External actions come from the action the artist do for a

purpose. Internal actions come from the inner world of the character

which is cannot be seen and heard by audience. Inner action occurs

within character’s mind and emotions and consists of secret, unspoken

thoughts, daydreams, aspirations, memories, fears, and fantasies (62).

4. Characterization through reaction of other character. The way other

characters view a person often serves as an excellent means of

characterization. Sometimes, a great deal of information about

character is already provided through such means before the character

first appears on the screen. (64).

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D. The Hierarchy of Human Needs Theory

Abraham Maslow is a humanistic psychologist. Start from admiring Freud’s

psychoanalysis and John B. Watson’s behaviorism theory, he later developed a

theory that differ from the previous two. He stated that human should be treated

as human not as an animal or thing (Goble). The cornerstone of Abraham

Maslow’s understanding of motivation is the proposition that human beings

possess urges or basic needs at organism level. Maslow wanted to understand

what motivates people. He believed that people possess a set of motivation

systems unrelated to rewards or unconscious desires. Maslow had a little interest

in compiling a list of how many needs human possess. Rather, Maslow side-

stepped the numbers issue and proposed that one master need, the tendency

toward growth, governs and organizes all other needs. The growth/actualizing

need organizes all others into a hierarchy featuring five clusters based needs

(Reeve 311). The following diagram shows Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs below:

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1.1 The pyramid that depicts Maslow’s theory of hierarchy of needs (McLeod).

Maslow’s theory is often displayed as pyramid consisting of five levels; the

four levels are grouped together as deficiency needs associated with psychological

needs, while the top level is termed growth needs associated with the satisfied

such as satisfying physical, social, and intellectual and emotional needs. While

deficiency needs be met, growth needs are continually shaping behavior. The

basic concept is that the higher needs in this hierarchy only come into focus once

all the needs that are lower down in the pyramid are mainly or entirely satisfied.

Growth forces create upward movement in the hierarchy, whereas regressive

forces push needs further down the hierarchy (Petri 290). The basic needs are as

follow:

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1. Psychological Needs

This need is the needs for foods, water, air, sex, sleep, etc. In order

to survive, it is important for human to fulfill this need. For this is a

basic level of needs, they have important role to each to the next level

needs. Therefore, if this lowest needs cannot be gratified it will upset

the health and the growth of human. It is impossible the human will

achieve the next needs (Goble 48).

2. Safety Needs

This need includes stability security, and freedom from fear and

anxiety (Schultz and Schultz 91). Like the psychological needs, safety

needs are primarily triggered in emergency situations. Higher needs

become unimportant when one’s is endangered, and our behavior

reflects our attempts to remain secure (Petri 290).

3. Love and Belongingness Needs

This need involves a hunger for affectionate relationship with

others, a need to feel part a group, or feeling that one “belong” (290).

Love/belonging needs can be expressed through a close relationship

with a family, friend, lover, or mates, or through social relationships

formed within group (Schultz and Schultz 305). Maslow argued that

individuals seek to overcome feelings of loneliness and alienation. He

suggested that the failure to satisfy the need for love is a fundamental

cause of emotional maladjustment (305). Maslow argued that without

love one’s growth and development of capabilities will be hampered.

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Maslow stated that love should be involves a healthy relationship and

loving affection between two people, including trust to each other. This

need involves both giving and receiving love, affection and the sense of

belonging (Goble 75).

4. Self-Esteem Needs

Once we feel loved and have a sense of belonging, we may find

ourselves driven by two form of the need of esteem. We require esteem

and respect from ourselves, in the form of feelings of self-worth, and

from other people, in the form of status, recognition, or social success.

Satisfaction of the needs for self-esteem allows us to feel confident of

our strength, worth, and adequacy, which will help us become more

competent and productive in all aspects of our life. When we lack self-

esteem, we feel inferior, helpless, and discouraged with little

confidence in our ability to cope (Schultz and Schultz 305).

5. Self-Actualization Needs

The individual is doing what he, individually, is fitted for, is what

we called it self-actualization. The self-actualizing process may take

many forms, but each person, regardless of occupation or interest, is

capable of maximizing personal abilities and reaching the fullest

personality development. Self-actualizing is not limited to creative and

intellectual superstars such as musicians, artists, and astrophysicists.

What is important is to fulfill one’s own potentials at the highest level

possible, whatever one’s chosen endeavor (307).

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Human is motivated by several basic needs which have the same

characteristic for all species, unchanging and come from genetics or instincts

(Maslow). That is the unique fundamental concepts of Maslow’s theory. In the

next chapter, the writer discusses about the data description and analysis about

Dan Mulligan and his needs. The data is based on the dialogues and the scene of

the film.

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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH FINDINGS

In this chapter, the writer discusses about the data description and analysis

about Dan Mulligan as the main character. The data presented is based on the

dialogue of the film and the picture from the scenes in film to support it. The

data is analyzed by Abraham Maslow hierarchy of needs theory. Firstly, the

writer describes the characteristics of Dan Mulligan in Begin Again film.

Secondly, the writer analyzes which needs are not fulfilled by Dan Mulligan as

main character and how he fulfills his needs.

A. Character Analysis

In a film, character has an important role. The character, as a representation

of human being, helps in building up the plot of the story. The character is the

person that the actor plays (Hayman 65). After watching Begin Again film

intensively, the writer concluded the most influenced character that has special

characteristics compared to others is Dan Mulligan. The writer confirmed Dan

Mulligan is the main character in Begin Again film because he almost dominated

the whole story and screen time in the film from the beginning to the end.

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Dan Mulligan, as the main character in Begin Again film is described as a

hard worker producer. In his early career he joined Saul – his Harvard College

and co-worker – to establish their independent label, Distressed Record.

Picture 2.1

Dan : See? This is fun, right? When we came into thisneighborhood in 1992, there was nobody here. It was like a warzone. Hookers, crack… Now it’s totally gentrified.(Begin Again 00.08.00-00.08.09)

The quotation and picture above showed Dan started his music career by

establishing his label with his friend, Saul. From a small and empty bar, Dan and

Saul worked together to pursue their dream in music until they succeed, gained

recognition and featured in the most well-known music magazine in America,

Rolling Stone. As seen in the picture above which is proven Dan is a hard worker

who pursued the career and achieved the dream with much dedication.

Dan Mulligan is not only a hard worker, but also an idealist. Idealist is a

person who is guided more by ideals than by a practical consideration (Oxford).

He did not want to follow the trend; he loved to walk his path with his own idea.

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Dan: Fresh prospects, let’s hear it. What do you got for me?No, no! Who’s next on this delightful journey?No, no, no man. No! No, you can’t! No you can’t!It’s shit. It’s shit! Get fucking out of my car. Give me anything, asong, a hook, anything I can work with. That’s something. That’sgood… until you started to sing.(Begin Again 00.05.31-00.06.33)

The quotation above showed Dan headed to his office for meeting, he

played the demo tapes one by one, there are various genres from pop, electronic

rock, punk, and hip-hop, but nothing impressed him. Dan thought it is too

typical, he craved for something new. He then threw all the demo tapes out of his

car.

Beside his idealist characteristic, Dan also has an arrogant side. Because of

his idealism, Dan always ignored the other opinion and stick only to his ideas.

He mocked other and judged them as a trend follower. He often argued with Saul

about the music they would produce together.

Dan : Band doing audio commentary is lame, Saul, and you know it.Saul : It’s an idea. It’s something that helps keep the lights on.Dan : We need vision, not gimmicks.Saul : I’ve been following you, Mr. Mulligan. Down a track on every

long shot you’ve been bringing in here for the last five years, andwhich one of them has come in? Which one?

Dan : You can’t pull this shit! These people know that they are sittingbehind those desks because I started an independent record label.

Saul : Things change, times change. People got to change with them,Dan. It’s not working. You got to go.(Begin Again 00.08.27-00.11.35)

The quotation above showed how intense the argument between Saul and

Dan as founder and co-founder in the label. It was impossible for them to meet

the agreement about things. At first, Dan interrupted the meeting between Saul

and his client. He abruptly criticized their idea and acted arrogantly in the

19

meeting room. Realizing the situation became awkward and tense; Saul

concluded the meeting and let Dan talked to him. He criticized Saul as he

followed the trend and created gimmick not innovation. Dan as an idealist person

disappointed on how Saul reacted to the issues and forgot about their idealism.

On the other hand, Saul also disappointed on how selfish Dan rejected the idea

without giving him the solution. Saul thought Dan changed in an arrogant way,

never listened to other. He is too old-fashioned about new idea. Saul then came

into decision to fire Dan from his position as co-founder in the record label.

Dan’s prime time as a successful producer made him immersed with his

business. His job demanded him worked every day to fulfill the deadline; he

even met the client in the weekend. Dan sometimes picked up Violet and he

rushed immediately to office. He brought her daughter to the office for meeting

instead of spending his free time to play with his daughter.

Miriam: Her teachers really worried about her. She was distant, andbasically the only people who want to hang out with her areolder boys who want to date her.

Dan : Oh, really? You find it surprise?Miriam : No girls like her at school. She needs a psychiatrist.Dan : She is just 15 years old. She did not need a psychiatrist.Miriam: No, Dan, think about it!Dan : That is fucking bullshit. She needs some guidance, for God

sake.Miriam : Well, guide her! Guide her!

You walk in here like a fucking clown, you tell me how to raisemy kid, the kid that you pick up once a month and decide youhave a fucking conscience about. You know what? Thirtyseconds after you are gone, we will have totally forgotten youwere ever here.(Begin Again 00.14.37-00.15.35)

The quotation above showed Miriam – Dan’s ex-wife – fought with Dan

about their daughter problem. Dan just found out that Violet has a counseling

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time with the psychiatric at her school, when her daughter told him that she has a

psychiatrist at school due to her mother favor. Dan thought it was normal for

teenager to behave like Violet now and he thought the fifteen years old girl sees

the psychiatrist is just too much, but Miriam believed Violet has a problem, that

is why she proposed her daughter to see the psychiatrist. Violet’s teachers really

worried about her, she was distant, and the only people who want to hang out

with her are older boys who want to date her. They blamed each other for not

caring well about Violet. Dan blamed Miriam who allowed Violet to dress – too

sexy for her age – that way at school so the boys always teased her. Miriam said

Dan was too busy until he did not know that his daughter has a problem at

school.

The writer argued that Dan’s busy time as a successful producer is one of

the reasons why they got divorce. He was too occupied with his job and his own-

self. Although he was a loving father and caring husband, he changed to be lack

of communication and affection toward his daughter and his wife in his prime

time as producer. They only communicated to talk about who picked up and took

care of Violet when they busy with their deadline work.

Hard worker, idealist, arrogant, and too occupied with his job are described

well about Dan Mulligan’s characteristics. In addition to that, he is an alcoholic.

He even has a bottle of alcohol beside his bed – instead mineral water – and

inside his car. He could go to bar to drink down whiskey all day long. It seems

he drank to release the stress, because there are people who drank to relieve their

21

stress and anxiety. They thought alcohol calmed their desperate selves and they

could forget their problem after drinking two or three glasses.

Picture 2.2

Violet : What is that smell?Dan : Oh, that is gasoline. I was filling up the car with gasoline, and

then I spilled a little on my pant leg. That is not alcohol!(Begin Again 00.07.26-00.07.30)

The quotation above is taken from the scene when Dan picked up her

daughter at school. When Violet inside his car and asked what smell, Dan lay to

her and said it was a gasoline and not alcohol. He tried to get ride the smell and

chewed such a mint candy. The writer argued Dan made alcohol as his escape

way from his entire problem. He got divorce with his wife, moved out of his

house, separated from his daughter, get stressed about his relationship and

messed up his life.

High level of stress may influence drinking frequency and quantity. This

relationship between stress and drinking even stronger when alterative coping

mechanisms and social supports are lacking. When individuals believe that

alcohol will help him to reduce the stress in their lives, alcohol is most likely to

22

be used in respond to stress. Drinking appears to follow stress but some evidence

also links excessive drinking to the anticipation of a major stress or even during

times of stress (Bressert).

From the analysis of character, the writer finds that Dan Mulligan as the

main character in Begin Again film has quite strong characteristics such as hard

worker, idealist, arrogant, too occupied with his job, and alcoholic. Dan

Mulligan’s characteristics also take an important role to help him in fulfilling his

love and belonging needs and self-esteem needs.

B. Main Character’s Hierarchy of Needs Analysis

In this subchapter, the writer analyzes deeply about Dan Mulligan’s

hierarchy of needs in Begin Again film using Abraham Maslow’s theory. As it

has been explained previously in chapter II, Maslow stated that people are

motivated to achieve certain needs and that some needs take precedence over

others. Our most basic need is for physical survival, and this will be the first

thing that motivates our behavior. Once that level is fulfilled the next level up is

what motivates us, and so on. In accordance with Maslow there are five stages of

theory of hierarchy of needs. Those are: psychological needs, safety needs,

belongingness and love needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. These

five levels divided into deficiency needs and growth needs. The first four levels

are often referred to as deficiency needs (D-needs), and the top level is known as

growth or being needs (B-needs) (McLeod).

23

Based on Abraham Maslow’s theory, at first Dan Mulligan has fulfilled his

needs up to stage four; there are psychological needs, safety needs, love and

belonging needs, and esteem needs. The writer discusses firstly the four stages of

needs which have been fulfilled by Dan. In the lowest level of hierarchy of

human needs is a psychological need, a batch of basic needs which is the most

urgent in satisfaction because it is related to biological maintenance and viability

(Koeswara 119). In order to survive, it is important for human to fulfill this need.

For this is a basic level of needs, they have important role to each to the next

level needs. Therefore, if this lowest needs cannot be gratified it will upset the

health and the growth of human. It is impossible the human will achieve the next

needs (Goble 48).

Picture 2.3

24

Picture 2.4

Picture 2.5

There are three pictures above showed Dan has fulfilled his four stages

needs. The first picture is the apartment rented by Dan and the second one is

Dan’s car. It is proven that he has a safe place for living, eating and sleeping

comfortably and he also can afford to buy a car which is not cheap. The writer

pointed out that Dan has fulfilled his psychological needs.

After the psychological needs are fulfilled then appear the safety needs.

This need include stability, security, and freedom from fear and anxiety (Schultz

and Schultz 91). Like the psychological needs, safety needs are primarily

triggered in emergency situations. Higher needs become unimportant when one’s

25

is endangered, and our behavior reflects our attempts to remain secure (Petri

290). The third picture shows Dan attending meeting with his clients at his

office. Dan’s job as co-founder and producer is an important role in his label; his

job also provides security and stability especially about income. Dan also did not

have disease that can endanger his life. Then the writer asserted Dan has fulfilled

his safety needs.

After the satisfaction of psychological needs and safety needs, then the

third stage of hierarchy of needs, love and belonging needs emerged to be

fulfilled by Dan Mulligan. He married his wife for eighteen and has a daughter.

According to Maslow theory hierarchy of needs, Dan has fulfilled his third stage

level of love and belonging needs because he received love from his family.

However in the middle of his life, Dan faced the divorce which makes him lost

his family. Dan and his wife went through unhealthy relationship and make his

wife cheated on his back. The writer asserted that the reason Miriam cheated

because Dan was too occupied with his job and his own-self, and she did not

satisfied with Dan’s love and affection. In his prime time as a successful

producer, Dan was too busy with his job and spent less time with his family.

Moreover, her wife was also busy with her own job as music journalist.

Lack of communication made their relationship even worse. When Miriam met

someone who treated her better than her husband, she attracted to that person and

cheat on her husband back, and they got divorce. They got no affection, love and

trust in their relationship. If they got affection, love and trust to each other, she

would not cheat with the other man. This condition emphasized that lack of

26

affection and communication became the cause of the loss of love and belonging

needs. He later became an alcoholic to release his stress and depress due to the

divorce. In pursuance of Abraham Maslow theory of hierarchy of needs, Dan lost

his love and belonging needs.

Maslow stated love and belonging need involves both giving and receiving

love, affection and the sense of belonging. He suggested that the failure to satisfy

the need for love is a fundamental cause of emotional maladjustment (Schultz

and Schultz 305). Maslow argued that without love one’s growth and

development of capabilities will be hampered. He asserted that love should

involve a healthy relationship and loving affection between two people,

including trust to each other (Goble 75). Hendro Setiawan stated personal

importance (such as Dan who was too occupied with his job) tends to dominate

human life and make everything else as secondary importance. Focus on

personal importance makes people constantly do not care to the reality around

them, the situation like this sometimes makes a relationship is not going well

(Setiawan 135).

Maslow added the experience of love each other should include affection,

joy, happiness, satisfaction, pride, a feeling of overwhelming (if everything went

smoothly). There is a tendency for each other to get close and create a more

intimate physical contact, such as cuddling and embracing a loved one, and miss

them (Maslow 42). But Maslow asserted that love should not be confused with

sex, which can be seen as mere physiological needs. The most important thing in

a relationship is not only sexual needs, but also the needs for love and affection.

27

Maslow liked Carl Rogers’s idea of love: a state in which a person deeply

understood and accepted wholeheartedly (Goble 74).

After the divorce, Dan may look like someone who lived without purpose,

distressed and gave up easily. But since he has a quite strong characteristic such

as hard worker and idealist, when he got the problems he tried to cope and deal

with it. In order to fulfill his love and belonging, he started to build

communication with his daughter again. He tried to get close with his daughter

after separating from her for several years.

Picture 2.6

Dan : How could he fire me when I set the whole fucking thing up?Violet : Did you?Dan : Don’t you know anything about you father?Violet : Yeah, I do. I know what mom says.Dan : What does mom say?Violet : She says you are a pathetic loser.Dan : What do you think?Violet : I don’t really know you.

(Begin Again 00.11.43-00.12.19)

The quotation above showed Dan and Violet talked to each other. In their

conversation, Dan did not ask Violet how she was doing recently and he just

28

talked about his job. Violet seems bored and not interested in the conversation.

The way Violet said “Yeah, I do. I know what mom says… She says you are a pathetic

loser” in the dialogue above showed that her mother gave a big influences on how

Violet thought about his father, and it also proves that she did not have an interest in her

father. It was not surprised that his daughter did not respond well to his effort

because the way he communicated with his daughter and the way he carried out

the conversation was wrong. He was less affectionate toward his daughter during

the conversation. There is no such an intimate eye contact and warm gaze

between them and what Dan was done is just focus on himself. It is proven that

Dan has not got the love and affection from his daughter and it indicates that Dan

is not reaching the third level need, love and belonging needs.

When Dan tried to get back his love and belonging needs with his own

effort and all of his efforts are useless because he did it in the wrong way. But

Dan’s relationship with his family was changing when he met Gretta James an

independent singer and songwriter who later joined him in making an album

project and also helped him to get back with his wife and especially with his

daughter. Dan met her at the Lower East bar, when he drank he heard Gretta

performed her self-compose song on the stage. Nobody in the crowd reacts to her

performance except her friend, Steve. But Dan was amazed with her song; he

smiled ear to ear. Dan heard the different things that no one heard in her song; he

heard the beautiful arrangement in her song. He heard the drum sound was

playing, piano, cello, and violin sound filled in the air. After Gretta performed he

29

song on stage, Dan immediately talked to her and tried to give her an offer to

sign Gretta to his label to showcase her talent in music.

Dan : I’m in. I want to make records with you. I want to produce you, Iwe’re meant to work together.

Gretta : Sorry, didn’t you see what just happened up there?Dan : Yeah, what? Are you feeling sorry for yourself?Gretta : No I like my music. Who cares if they don’t get it, right?Dan : You just need to work on your performance.Gretta : I’m not a performer, I write song from time to time.Dan : Are all the songs as good as that one?Gretta : Are you an A&R man? You look more like a homeless man.Dan : I promise you it would be a big hit.

(Begin Again 00.21.21-00.22.10)

The quotations above show Dan tried to sign Gretta to his former label, but

she refused the offer immediately. Gretta did not sure if Dan is a record label

man because of his mess appearances. In addition to that, Gretta thought her

performance was bad. Dan is a hard worker; he would not give up easily. Outside

the bar, he waited for Gretta and tried to persuade her again. They agreed to grab

a beer together; Dan explained why he was very persistent to sign Gretta. He told

her that he never signed anybody in seven years and his label completely lost all

faith in him. If he looked like homeless it was because he left home for years and

ago. Gretta said she has to go home to catch up flight tomorrow, but Dan

convinced her once more by giving his name card if she changed her mind.

Finally the next day, Gretta called Dan and told him she agreed to accept the

deal. The reason why Gretta wanted to work with Dan is she recently broke up

with his boyfriend who is a singer and also her co-worker. She has no business

with him again so she accepted Dan’s offer.

30

Gretta is not only helped Dan in the process of album project, but she also

helped him make up his relationship with his family. Gretta’s support and advice

helped Dan got close with his daughter. One day when Gretta met Violet, they

get along very well and talked about many things.

Picture 2.7

Gretta : So who was the cute guy in the blue shirt?Violet : Greg, you notice him? He’s totally out of our league.Gretta : Ignore him.Violet : How do you get someone to notice you’re ignoring them if

they’re ignoring you?Gretta : He’s not ignoring. You’re beautiful. He knows that you’re there.

If you like him you have to find way to get him to ask you out.Violet : But, how?Gretta : Well, first stop dressing like you’re totally easy.Violet : I thought this was sort of sexy, it’s American ApparelGretta : Yeah, it’s very sexy, but it doesn’t leave much to the

imagination, you know? You want to go shopping?Violet : I do.

(Begin Again 00.58.05-00.59.30)

The quotations above showed that Gretta really knew well the teenager like

Violet loved to talk about their daily live such as talking about the guy at their

school, dating tips, or fashion and shopping. That is why she asked Violet all the

topics that made her interest in the conversation. Therefore Gretta asked Violet

31

about Greg and gave her the dating tips by telling her to change her style. Gretta

also took her shopping for some clothes. The way Gretta got close to Violet

made Dan realized that the way he got close to his daughter was in inappropriate

way. He finally knew the know-how to approach the teenager like Violet and

what kind of conversation they loved to talk about.

When Gretta knew Dan separated with his daughter for years, she

suggested Violet to come and play on a track and he could meet his daughter

more often. He later told Miriam that he wanted to involve Violet to play guitar

in his album project. Gretta’s effort involved Violet in album project made Dan

and Miriam talked to each other. Dan also persuaded Miriam to come along with

Violet to their record session. He would love to see if Miriam could come with

their daughter.

Dan : Alright, alright… come in wherever you want, you know? Youcan wait. Just keep it simple.

Violet : Ok.Dan : You are going to be great.

(Begin Again 01.07.04-01.07.15)

Miriam finally came along with her daughter as Dan wished. Before the

session began, Dan worried Violet would very nervous and made a mistake

during the recording so he encouraged her and said she would be great.

Unexpectedly, Violet played the guitar very well and Dan amazed and looked so

happy and proud of her. He hugged and kissed her after the record end. He never

knew her daughter could play the guitar like a real player. The way Dan

encouraged his daughter showed that he was considerate toward Violet who was

nervous for her first record session. After the recording ended, Dan hugged and

32

kissed Violet. He was proud of her and kept telling her that she was talented in

playing guitar and it was proven that Dan became more affectionate father

toward his daughter.

When Dan picked up Violet at school, he gave her the album and show

how cool she was in the picture. He never knew his daughter such a guitar

prodigy, he kept praise her and told Violet that she was talented.

Picture 2.8

Dan : You’re like a real guitar player. You got some talent, really.Violet : What? Do you want me to start a band now, and…Dan : Yeah, let’s start a band! I’ll produce you, and I like this idea.Violet : You are motivated now?Dan : It’s family business. It’s like the Jackson Five, The mulligan

three.Violet : You come in?Dan : No, I’m going to play that for Saul, see if we can get a deal.Violet : Good luck let me know how it goes.Dan : I love youViolet : I know you do.Dan : Hey come on, yeah so pretty.

(Begin Again 01.30.55-01.31.36)

In the picture above showed Violet expressions was smile brightly showed

that she felt closer with her father, because Dan became more considerate and

affectionate toward his daughter. They also talked about the idea of making the

band which made Violet excited to hear that. Gretta’s effort was very helpful in

33

getting Dan closer to Violet. He finally expressed his affection and confessed his

love toward his daughter and finally his daughter accepted his love and affection

wholeheartedly. Maslow liked Carl Rogers’s idea of love: a state in which a

person deeply understood and accepted wholeheartedly (Goble 74).

Dan’s good relationship with his daughter also made him re-build the

relationship with his wife. They tried to forgive each other, forget the past, and

build a relationship again which includes affection, trust, and love to each other

and also good communication. They made up their marriage life for the sake of

their daughter happiness. Maslow stated that love should be involves a healthy

relationship and loving affection between two people, including trust to each

other. This need involves both giving and receiving love, affection and the sense

of belonging (Goble 75).

Picture 2.9

The picture above showed Dan and Miriam looked at each other and

showed love for each other. They cuddled and listened to the music together

using their old splitter. They reminisced about their first date and the first time

34

they met. Maslow added the experience of love each other should include

affection, joy, happiness, satisfaction, pride, a feeling of overwhelming (if

everything went smoothly). There is a tendency for each other to get close and

create a more intimate physical contact, such as cuddling and embracing a loved

one, and miss them (Maslow 42).

The fulfillment of his love and belonging needs from his family makes him

became the different person than before, he was more considerate and

affectionate toward his daughter and his wife. Dan also quitted drinking and he

did not look for an escape way for his problems again. Although Dan did not

know if he could stop drinking alcohol or not, but at least he tried to quit for the

sake of his family. Bressert added social supports especially from family and

friends are needed for those who intended to stop drinking alcohol (Bressert).

Besides quitted drinking, he also left his apartment and came back home to

reunite with his family. John C. Maxwell has emphasized that good relationships

are the foundation for achievement. On the top of that the good relationship is

important and indispensable to achieve the success and fullness of life (Setiawan

124).

After helping Dan made up his relationship with his family, Gretta also

helped him in a process of album making. Firstly, Dan brought Gretta to the label

to perform her song in front of Saul in order to make a contract with the record

label. But, Saul was not interested in her performance, he thought Gretta song

was a little undercook and plain for him. Dan convinced him that her song could

be a big hit if they put the exact arrangement. But Saul firmly rejected and asked

35

them to come back with the demo. The reason why Dan failed to sign Gretta to

the label is because the way Dan presented Gretta’s song was wrong. He should

make a demo tape first before going to the label.

Dan realized that asking Saul is no help and he just wasted his time. So he

made up his mind and thought another way to continue the album project without

his record label’s help. He wanted to complete the demo tape so he could meet

with Saul to discuss the contract for Gretta.

Picture 2.10

In the picture above Dan vigorously suggested about recording outside the

studio and shooting the music video in every corner of New York City. She

agreed and thought it was an exciting idea. When Gretta agreed with Dan’s idea

about the album project and helped him to realize it, Dan slowly gained his

confidence again to produce the music. The picture above shows Dan’s

enthusiasm in explaining the idea to Gretta; he seems found his passion again.

Through this project Gretta helped Dan met with the many people who

later joined them in the band and involved in the album making. Steve the funny

36

guy is a composer, he is in charge for laptop, pro tools and couple dynamic

microphones. Malcolm the geek young man is a violin prodigy, and his nerd

sister who has full scholarship at Manhattan music school is an amazing cellist.

Zach, who is in charge of piano, is an ex-pianist in ballet school for kids. The

other one who played bass and drum is Troublegum’s men – a well-known hip-

hop artist and producer – he helped Dan because he owed Dan so much.

Dan started his producing all over again and he did not have money to start

the album project with Gretta. He did not receive the help from his label. Dan

dared to start the project album only with the support and trust from Gretta and

the band mates.

Dan : Just give me money to make the demo. I’ll take her to studio, gethot producer, get couple session musician, dial the thing out.

Saul : People send us their demo. It is not the other way around. Makedemo and we’ll get back to you.(Begin Again 00.47.02-00.47.40)

The quotation above is taken from the scene where Dan asked for Saul’s

help in providing the budget to make the demo tape for him. But Saul rejected

the idea because there was no term and condition in the company to cover up the

budget for the demo tape. Saul also did not believe that his album project could

be a big hit after he saw Gretta performed in front of him. Although Dan started

producing music without the support from his company and he almost did not

have budget to pay his band mates, but he did not gave up. Gretta and the bands

mates are always support him; they appreciated his idea and believed in his

guidance on their album. They did not complain about the late payment or the

lack of equipment such as recording studio. Maslow argued love and belonging

37

needs can be expressed through a close relationship with a family, friend, lover,

or mates, or through social relationships formed within group (Schultz and

Schultz 305).

As time goes by, Dan, Gretta and their band mates bonded professionally

and personally. They worked hard for the album project and their preparation for

the album was nearly finished. The writer observed Dan slowly gained back his

love and belonging needs from his friends. He met people who have the same

passion in music and they work together through the album project. Dan felt

grateful they accepted him the way he is, therefore he felt that he was part of

them.

In consonance with hierarchy of needs theory, Dan love and belonging

needs from friends and mates is entirely satisfied. He got acceptance and respect

from his band mates which makes him felt a part of them. His closeness with

Gretta and the band mates made him become more confident. Maslow implied

love and belonging need involve a hunger for affectionate relationship with

others, a need to feel part a group, or feeling that one “belong” (Petrie 290).

Because in the middle of his life Dan faced the divorce which makes him

lost his love and belonging needs. When Dan faced the divorce, he also got so

many troubles in his work which led him into the deposition. Then when he lost

his love and belonging needs, his esteem needs is automatically pushed back.

Because the basic concept of hierarchy of needs is when the lower level of needs

is not entirely satisfied then the higher level of needs cannot be fulfilled. It is

because one must be focused to fulfill the lower need first, so the higher need is

38

neglected. Growth forces create upward movement in the hierarchy, whereas

regressive forces push needs further down the hierarchy (Petri 290). That is why

Dan also lost his esteem needs, because he was focused on entirely satisfying his

love and belonging needs and his esteem needs is neglected.

When Dan love and belonging needs has been fulfilled and did not turn out

to be an obstacle anymore, he finally fulfilled his esteem needs. Once his love

and belonging needs is entirely satisfied, he became the productive person who

has a confidence. After the process of the album done and Saul is satisfied with

the result, Gretta finally signed the contract with the label. Dan gained back his

recognition as producer and his position as co-founder. Their album project also

turned out to be a real big hit. Maslow wrote, once we feel loved and has a sense

of belonging; we may find ourselves driven by two form of the need of esteem.

We require esteem and respect from ourselves, in the form of feelings of self-

worth, and from other people, in the form of status, recognition, or social

success. Satisfaction of the needs for self-esteem allows us to feel confident of

our strength, worth, and adequacy, which will help us become more competent

and productive in all aspects of our life (Schultz and Schultz 305).

From the analysis above, at the beginning of the film the main character

has fulfilled his needs until the fourth stages, (psychological needs, safety needs,

love and belonging needs, and esteem needs) somehow he cannot move on to the

next level of hierarchy of needs. He went through unhealthy relationship because

he is lack affection and communication with his wife. That is why his love and

belonging needs is actually not yet fulfilled that is why his esteem needs is

39

pushed back. However on the last part of the film he gained back his love and

belonging and it is a healthy relationship there is affection, love and trust for

each other so his love and belonging needs is entirely satisfied that is why he can

move on to the next level of hierarchy of needs.

40

CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

A. Conclusions

The Begin Again film told the story of Dan Mulligan, a successful producer

who faced the deposition, the divorce and separated from his daughter for years.

However, his meeting with Gretta changes his life. The writer analyzes the

characteristics of Dan and how he fulfills his needs. The writer uses the qualitative

method, descriptive analysis technique and Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

as the theory. The basic concept of this theory is the higher needs only come into

focus once all the needs are lower down in the hierarchy are entirely satisfied. The

levels of needs are: psychological needs, safety needs, love and belonging needs,

esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. But not everyone can fulfill all the

needs, because it depends on the human ability and potency to reach it.

After analyzing the film, the writer finds Dan characteristics are hard worker,

idealist, arrogant, too occupied with his job and alcoholic. Dan has fulfilled his

needs up to the fourth stage level. But in the middle of his life, he faced the divorce

and the deposition. According to Maslow theory, he lost his love and belonging

needs as well as his esteem needs. Dan cannot move on to the higher level of

hierarchy of needs because of his lower needs is not entirely satisfied. When he

41

entirely fulfilled his love and belonging needs he can move on to the next level of

needs and fulfilled his esteem needs.

Dan is depicted as the main character who is easy to fulfill his love and

belonging needs. He did not face many obstacles in the process of fulfilling his

needs. When he started to fulfill his love and belonging and his esteem needs, he

only failed once in trying to gain back his needs, and his failure is caused by the

way he got back his needs was wrong. It can be seen that this Begin Again film

shows the process of fulfilling one’s needs in a simple way.

B. Suggestions

In analyzing film, the researchers have to use the right approach and theory

in order to have the right comprehension. If readers are interested in analyzing

psychological issues, Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is one of the literary

theories that focus on it. The readers who are interested in this film can also

analyze the important role of music in the narration of the story or use film theories

such as cinematography in order to get better understanding of the film. The writer

hopes this research study give contribution to the student of English Letters

Department who wants to analyze about the same topic. Hopefully this research

study motivates other to analyze using Abraham Maslow hierarchy of need theory

in literary work especially in film.

42

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