mailik halol report final

8/18/2019 Mailik Halol Report Final

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A

PROJECT REPORT

ON

TIME & MOTION

STUDYOF

SIEMENS INDUSTRIES

PROJECT GUIDE: TEJAS PAREKH

(MBAGJ0042)

PAREPARED BY: MAULIK PARMAR

MBA 4 TH SEM (OPRATION MANAGEMENT)

ROLL NO.140200!"!

SIKKIM MANIPAL UNI#ERSITY

2015-2016


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ERTIFI ATE

TO WHOM SO EVER IT MAY CONCERN

T$% % ' *+'%,- '$' MAULIK PARMAR (Roll No.14020086!

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ECLARATION

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MAULIK PARMAR

(14020086!


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INE

SR. NO. PARTICULER PA#

1 ECLARATION

2 ACKNOWLE#EMENT

INTRODUCTION TO THE TOPIC

4 RE#IE= OF LITERATURE

COMPOSITION AND OBSER#ATION

" COMPANY PROFILE

COMPANYS #ISION; MISSION AND #ALUE

DIRECTORS REPORT

! MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION

10 AUDITORS REPORT

11 EBIT EPS DATA ANALYSIS

12 RATIO ANALYSIS

1 FINDINGS

14 FINDINGS

1 RECOMMENDATIONS

1" SUGGESTIONS

1 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1 FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS 1


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RESEARCH

METHODOLOG Y


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STOP WATCH TIME STUDY AND MOST:

WORK MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES

Sr.No TitlePage

No.

4.1 Introduction 984.2 Stop Watch Time Study Method 98

4.2.1 Meaning of Time Study 98

4.2.2 Time Study Techniques/Types 99

4.2. Stop !atch Time Study Method 1""

4.2..1 #$o%ution of Stop Watch Time Study Method 1"1

4.2..2 Importance and &ses of Stop Watch Time Study 1"

4.2.. 'rocedure for conducting stop !atch time study 1"

4.2..4 Methods of timing using Stop!atch 1"(4.2..) #quipments used to measure time using Stop !atch 1"(

4.2..( Ma*or +ompanies using Stop !atch time study method 1",

4. M-ST Wor Measurement technique 1"8

4..1 +oncept of M-ST Wor Measurement technique 1"8

4..2 #$o%ution of M-ST Wor Measurement Technique 11"

4.. Importance of M-ST Wor Measurement Technique 112

4..4 The M-ST systems 11

4..) asic M-ST Method 11)4..).1 asic M-ST Wor Measurement Technique 11(

4..).2 Se%ection of asic M-ST 0enera% Mo$e sequence Mode% 11(

4..). 'arameters of asic M-ST 0enera% Mo$e Sequence Mode% 11,

4..).4 'hases of asic M-ST 0enera% Mo$e sequence Mode% 11,

Steps to oser$e the 'hases of parameter for asic M-ST4..).) 118

0enera% Mo$e sequence Mode%

4..).( 'rocedure of asic M-ST Method 119

4..( Ma*or +ompanies using M-ST Wor Measurement 119Techniques


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STOP WATCH TIME STUDY AND MOST: WORK MEASUREMENT

TECHNIQUES

Introd!tion:

+hapter attempts to no! !hat is producti$ity producti$ity impro$ement

Wor study and Wor measurement and their re%ationship !ith impro$ed producti$ity.

Whereas an attempt is made in this chapter to introduce stop !atch time study and

M-ST measurement technique. The concepts of Stop !atch time study and M-ST

e$o%ution and history importance uses and types is co$ered in this chapter. Therefore

the o*ecti$e of this chapter is to no! and understand ao$e cited aspects !ith

respect to Stop !atch time study method and M-ST and to achie$e this present

chapter is arranged as fo%%o!s3

Introduction

Stop Watch Time Study Method

M-ST Wor Measurement technique

Sto" Wat!# Ti$e Std% Met#od:

Meaning o& Ti$e Std%:

Time study is the technique of esta%ishing an a%%o!ed time standard to perform a

gi$en tas ased upon measurement of !or content of the prescried method !ith

due a%%o!ance for fatigue and persona% and una$oida%e de%ays. I- defines time

study as a !or measurement technique for recording the times and rates of !oring

for the e%ements of specified *o carried out under specified conditions and for

ana%y5ing the data so as to otain the time necessary for carrying out the *o at a

defined %e$e% of performance. 6ccording to Meyers 72""2 time standards can e

defined as the time required to produce a product at a !or station !ith the three


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conditions3 71 a qua%ified !e%%:trained operator 72 !oring at a norma% pace and

7 doing a specific tas.;

Ti$e Std% Te!#ni'e()T%"e(:

Time study is usua%%y referred to as !or measurement and it in$o%$es the technique

of esta%ishing an a%%o!ed time standard to perform a gi$en tas ased on

measurement of the !or content of the prescried method and !ith due a%%o!ance

for fatigue persona% or una$oida%e de%ays. #sta%ishes time $a%ues are a step in

systematic procedure of de$e%oping ne! !or centers and impro$ing methods in

eata

1 /arnes 7198"= Wor Samp%ing

= 'redetermined Time Standard System 7'TS

= Stop!atch Time Study

= Stop!atch Time Study

= +omputeri5ed >ata +o%%ection

2 ?iee% 7199 = Standard >ata= @undamenta% Motion >ata

= Wor Samp%ing and Aistorica% >ata

= Time Study

= Standard >ata Systems

a!rences 72"""= 'redetermined Time Systems 7'TS

= Wor Samp%ing

= 'hysio%ogica% Wor Measurement

= aor Beporting

= 'redetermined Time Standard System7'TSS

Meyers and Ste!art = Stop!atch Time Study

4 = Wor Samp%ing72""2= Standard >ata= #ata

= Time Study

?iee% and @rei$a%ds= Standard >ata and @ormu%as

) = 'redetermine Time Systems72""= Wor Samp%ing

= Indirect and #


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To do time study $arious e


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too%s hasn‟t changed much. Today esides standard too%s of time study stop!atch and

c%ipoard !e use digita% stop!atches computers arcodes and accustudy soft!are

7I5etego$ic 2"",.

E,oltion o& Sto" Wat!# Ti$e Std% Met#od:

The +hart sho!ed the ma*or e$o%ution mi%estone of time study in the industry. This is

gi$en according to year and the person that contriute to the e$o%ution of the time

study technique.


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C#art

Ma-or E,oltion Mile(tone( o& Ti$e Std%

Sr.No Year Per(on Contri*tion

1 1,(" Cean Bodo%phe 'erronet: #


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I$"ortan!e and U(e( o& Sto" Wat!# Ti$e Std%:

0enera%%y this technique is used to determine the time required y a qua%ified and !e%%

trained person !oring at a norma% pace to do a specified tas. The resu%t of time

study is the time that a person suited to the *o and fu%%y trained in the specific

method. The *o needs to e performed if he or she !ors at a norma% or standard

tempo. This time is ca%%ed the standard time for operation. This means the princip%e

o*ecti$es of stop !atch time study are to increase producti$ity and product re%iai%ity

and %o!er unit cost thus a%%o!ing more qua%ity goods or ser$ices to e produced for

more peop%e. The importance and uses of stop !atch time study can e stated as

under3

7i >etermining schedu%es and p%anning !or

7ii >etermining standard costs and as an aid in preparing udgets

7iii #stimating the costs of a product efore manufacturing it. Such information is

of $a%ue in preparing ids and determining se%%ing price.

7i$>etermining machine effecti$eness the numer of machines !hich one person

can operate and as an aid in a%ancing assem%y %ines and !or done on acon$eyor.

7$ >etermining time standards to e used as a asis for %aor cost contro%.

7$iAe%ps to no! the aour producti$ity aour efficiency aour

'erformance and o$era%% time required to perform the tas.

7$ii Ae%ps to impro$e the process of operation.

Pro!edre &or !ond!ting (to" +at!# ti$e (td%:

0enera%%y the fo%%o!ing procedure is fo%%o!ed in conducting stop !atch time study3

. Sele!tion o& ta(/ to *e ti$ed:

Se%ect the tas or *o that needs to e timed for study purpose. There are $arious

priorities on the asis of !hich tas or *o to e studied is se%ected such as ott%enec


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or repetiti$e *os *os !ith %onger cyc%e time to chec correctness of e


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C#art

N$*er o& re!o$$ended !%!le( &or ti$e (td%

Minutes 'er To To To To To To To To To To -$er

+yc%e ".1" ".2) ".)" ".,) 1." 2." )." 1"." 2"." 4"." 4" ?umer of

+yc%es 2"" 1"" (" 4" " 2" 1) 1" 8 )

Becommended

Source: A!"!Sha:-stopatch time study-, in H!!Maynard .ed/: Industrial

"ngineering Hand0oo&, op!cit!#eproduced 0y &indpermission of the Mc1ra Hill oo& 2ompany!

7. Mea(re t#e ti$e o& ea!# ele$ent (ing (to" +at!#:

The time taen for each e%ement is measured using a stop !atch. There are t!o

methods of measuring. %i3 . @%y ac method and +umu%ati$e method. The time

measured from the stop !atch is no!n as oser$ed time.

8. Deter$ine (tandard rating:

Bating is the measure of efficiency of a !orer. The operatorDs rating is found

out y comparing his speed of !or !ith standard performance. The rating of an

operator is decided y the !or study man in consu%tation !ith the super$isor.

Earious rating methods used are speed rating synthetic rating and o*ecti$e

rating.

9. Cal!late t#e Nor$al ti$e:

The oser$ed time cannot e the actua% time required to perform the !or for a

!orer. Therefore ?orma% time needs to e ca%cu%ated. ?orma% time is the time

that a !orer taes !hen !oring at norma% pace. It is ca%cu%ated as e%o!3

Nor$al Ti$e O*(er,ed ti$e ; Rating


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is no!n as a%%o!ance. It is genera%%y a%%otted as per the company po%icy.

. Deter$ine t#e (tandard ti$e:

The standard time is the sum of ?orma% time and a%%o!ances. Thus it isca%cu%ated as e%o!3

Standard Ti$e Nor$al Ti$e = Allo+an!e(

Met#od( o& ti$ing (ing Sto"+at!#:

There are t!o methods of timing using a stop !atch. They are3 @%y ac or Snap ac

method and +ontinuous or +umu%ati$e method.

. >l% *a!/ Met#od:

Aere the stop !atch is started at the eginning of the first e%ement. 6t the end of the

e%ement the reading is noted in the study sheet. 6t the same time the stop !atch hand

is snapped ac to 5ero. This is done y pressing do!n the no immediate%y the

no is re%eased. The hand starts mo$ing from 5ero for timing the ne


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1. >igita% or e%ectronics stop !atch

2. #%ectronic data co%%ector and computer

. -ser$ation oard

4. -ser$ation sheet

). Stationary F 'en 'enci% #raser +a%cu%ator.

Ma-or Co$"anie( (ing Sto" +at!# ti$e (td% $et#od:

Ma*ority of the manufacturing industries use stop !atch time study method as

too% for !or measurement. @o%%o!ing are some of the manufacturing industries those

app%y stop !atch time study method for !or measurement as sho!n

C#art

?i(t o& Ma-or Co$"anie( (ing Sto" Wat!# ti$e (td% Met#od

?i(t o& Ma-or Co$"anie( (ing Sto" Wat!# Ti$eSr.No

Std% $et#od

1 Mahindra and Mahindra 76utomoi%e

2 Tata Motors 76utomoi%e

Aonda Motors 76utomoi%e

4 a*a* Motors 76utomoi%e

) @ord Motors +ompany

( 0enera% Motors

Source: !i&ipedia!com

The ao$e %ist is indicati$e and not e


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MOST Wor/ Mea(re$ent te!#ni'e a@ *@ !

:

6fter understanding stop !atch time study method section introduces M-ST

!or measurement technique in this section.

Con!e"t o& MOST Wor/ Mea(re$ent te!#ni'e:

M-ST stands for Maynard operation Sequence technique. It is one of the

important !or measurement technique used for management decisions. Wor

measurement is a too% used as a asis for p%anning schedu%ing estimation of costs and

e$a%uation of performance. Motion Time 6na%ysis 7MT6 !as de$e%oped in 192".

Method Time Measurement 7MTM pu%ished in 1948 !as one of the ase methods

for many simp%ified and more efficient techniques. M-ST is one of the recent MTM

ased techniques that is used for !or measurement. M-ST is the acti$ity ased !or

measurement system that ena%es us to ca%cu%ate the %ength of time required to

perform a tas i.e. a system to measure !or. The concept of M-ST !as de$e%oped in

19(, and asic M-ST system !as introduced in S!eden in 19,2 and in the &nited

States in 19,4. M-ST is easy and faster action ased system no!n as user friend%y

!or predetermined motion time system. It is a reathrough !or measurement

technique that a%%o!s a greater $ariety of !or 7oth repetiti$e and non:repetiti$e for

manufacturing engineering to administrati$e ser$ice acti$ities to e measured quic%y

!ith ease and accuracy.

Wor means e


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performed !hen the asic motion patterns are tactica%%y arranged and smooth%y

choreographed common%y no!n as methods engineering. It !as noticed that the

mo$ement of o*ects fo%%o!s certain consistent%y repeating patterns such as reach

grasp mo$e and position the o*ect. These patterns !ere identified and arranged as a

sequence of e$ents 7or su acti$ities fo%%o!ed in mo$ing an o*ect. 6 mode% of this

sequence is made and acts as a standard guide in ana%y5ing the mo$ement of an

o*ect. In other !ords to mo$e an o*ect a standard sequence of e$ents occurs.

+onsequent%y the asic pattern of an o*ect‟s mo$ement is descried y a uni$ersa%

sequence mode% instead of random detai%ed asic motions. @or each type of mo$e

different sequence mode%s of e$ents occurH therefore a separate M-ST acti$ity

sequence mode% app%ies. The use of too% is ana%y5ed through a separate acti$ity

sequence mode% that a%%o!s the ana%yst the opportunity to fo%%o! the mo$ement of a

hand too% through a standard sequence e$ent !hich is a comination of t!o asic

sequence mode%s. The technique he%ps in enchmaring the methods and acti$ities

fo%%o!ed in $arious operations in the industry !ith !or%d c%ass standards. It e%iminates

the su*ecti$e performance rating and has a much etter acceptance of

!ormen/unions ecause it is tota%%y transparent and easy to demonstrate.

This concept pro$ides the asis for M-ST sequence mode%s. The primary

!or units are no %onger asic motions as in MTM ut fundamenta% acti$ities dea%ing

!ith mo$ing o*ects. These acti$ities are descried in terms of su acti$ities fi


72/88

E,oltion o& MOST Wor/ Mea(re$ent Te!#ni'e:

The scientific process of engineering a tas using the time study methods

descried has fo%%o!ing !ea points3

1. The indi$idua% ana%yst must su*ecti$e%y rate or compare the operator to an

#stimated 1"" performance standard.

2. 6 !atch simp%y does not forecast predict or accurate%y determine times for

future situationsH it on%y determines !hat has a%ready occurred.

. Methods impro$ement neg%ected

4. When using time study a quantitati$e comparison of methods cannot e

produced un%ess another time study is taen of the ne! method.

6 comination of the time study technique and the motion study phi%osophy

!as arranged to form the predetermined motion Time systems 7'MTS. Since in

'MTS the cata%ogs of predetermined times a%ready %e$e%ed to 1"" there no need to

rate an operator and hence focus shifted from operator to actua% !or. These

dra!acs %ead to e$o%ution of Methods:Time Measurement 7MTM !hich !as

de$e%oped y Aaro%d . Maynard 0. C. Stegemerten and C. . Sch!a and pu%ished

in 1948. Synthesi5ed $ersions of MTM !ere de$e%oped to reduce app%icator errors and

the time of ana%ysis.

The e$o%utionary stages of M-ST ar sho!n . @urther ad$anced $ersion of

MTM technique !ere de$e%oped and named as MTM:2 and MTM:. Many efforts

ha$e een made to simp%ify the !or measure merit ana%ystJs tas. This has %ed to a

esta%ishment of $ariety of higher %e$e% MTM data systems %ie M-ST Maynard-peration Sequence Technique 7M-ST is a system to measure !orH therefore

M-ST concentrates on the mo$ement of o*ects. 6 mode% of this sequence is made

and acts as a standard guide in ana%y5ing the mo$ement of an o*ect. It !as a%so noted

that the su acti$ities in that sequence $ary independent%y of one another in their

actua% motion content. The operation time may e ept in TM& or con$erted to

minutes or hours. This time ref%ect the !or content !ithout a%%o!ances at the 1""

performance %e$e%.


73/88

>igre

E,oltionar% (tage( o& MOST +or/ $ea(re$ent te!#ni'e

Time Study

Motion Study

Time and Motion Study

'redetermined Motion Time Systems

7'MTS

Methods:Time Measurement 7MTM

Methods:Time Measurement:2 7MTM:2

Methods:Time Measurement: 7MTM:

Maynard -peration Sequence Technique 7M-ST

Most Wor Most 6pp%ication Most +omputer

Measurement Systems Systems

Systems

: asic M-ST

: Mini M-ST

: Ma


74/88

Thus ad$ancement in the techno%ogy rought further inno$ation to fie%d of

!or measurement and hence ad$anced $ersion of M-ST !ere de$e%oped and

adopted y the industries.

I$"ortan!e o& MOST Wor/ Mea(re$ent Te!#ni'e:

M-ST is important ecause it he%ps in enchmaring the methods and

acti$ities fo%%o!ed in $arious operations in the industry !ith !or%d c%ass standards. It

e%iminates the su*ecti$e performance rating and is tota%%y transparent and easy to

demonstrate. M-ST is used to e


75/88

Thus rief description of !hy M-ST is important for an organi5ation

inc%udes3 accurate !or standard capacity ana%ysis and manpo!er p%anning

!orp%ace design and *o acti$ity ana%ysis for re:organi5ation and a%%ocation for !or

a%ancing cost estimating for e


76/88

Mini M-ST !ithin reach or a fe! steps !ith asic M-ST and more than t!o steps

!ith Ma


77/88

Begard%ess of the cyc%e %ength Mini M-ST shou%d a%so e used to ana%y5e any

operation in !hich near%y a%% reach and mo$e distances for an operation are %ess than

1" inches 72) cm. Ao!e$er since its focus is on high%y repetiti$e !or !ithin reach

of the operator Mini M-ST !as not designed for ana%y5ing operations in !hich the

operator action distances e


78/88

5a(i! MOST Wor/ Mea(re$ent te!#ni'e:

There are $arious asic M-ST !or measurement techniques as sho!n in

chartC#art

5a(i! MOST Wor/ Mea(re$ent te!#ni'e

Sr.No A!ti,it%Se'en!e

S*A!ti,it%) Para$eterModel

6: 6ction >istance

1 0enera% Mo$e 6 0 6 ' 6: ody Motion

0: 0ain +ontro%

' F '%acement6: 6ction >istance

: ody Motion

2+ontro%%ed

6 0 M L I 60: 0ain +ontro%

Mo$e M : Mo$e +ontro%

L : 'rocess Time

I : 6%ignment

6: 6ction >istance

: ody Motion

0: 0ain +ontro%

' : '%acement6 0 6 '

5lan/ S"a!e B i( &illed +it#

Too% &se *elo+ tool (e "ara$eter:6 ' 6 @:@asten

: oosen

S : Surface Treatment

M : Measure

B : Becord

T F Thin

Source: 4andin, 5!!, ‘M6ST 7or& Measurement Systems’, H!! Maynard and

2ompany Inc, Ne 8or&: Marcel De&&er, Second "dition, +9)(!

Sele!tion o& 5a(i! MOST Feneral Mo,e (e'en!e Model:

If the o*ects or materia% disp%acement fo%%o!s spatia% disp%acement or

unrestricted path through the air under manua% contro% genera% mo$e sequence mode%

is used.


79/88

Para$eter( o& 5a(i! MOST Feneral Mo,e Se'en!e Model:

The parameters are the series of %etters representing $arious acti$ity e%ements.

The parameters of the asic M-ST 0enera% Mo$e Sequence consist of ) step pattern

as e%o!3

6 0 6 ' 6

Where3 6 G 6ction >istance

G ody Motion

0 G 0ain +ontro%

' G '%acement

• A!tion Di(tan!e AB:

This parameter is used to ana%y5e a%% the mo$ements of operator re%ated to hands

or feet for either %oading or un%oading of the materia%.

• 5od% Motion 5B:

This parameter is used to ana%y5e the ody motion of the operator %ie end

arise sit or stand !hi%e performing acti$ity.

• Fain Control FB:

This parameter is used to ana%y5e the comp%ete contro% of the materia% efore

mo$ing the materia% to another p%ace.

• Pla!e$ent PB :

This parameter ana%y5es the materia% p%acement a%ignment ad*ustment !ith

pressure.

P#a(e( o& 5a(i! MOST Feneral Mo,e (e'en!e Model:

Mo$ement of the o*ect through air occurs in three phases as under sho!n in

chart


80/88

C#art

P#a(e( o& O*-e!t Mo,e$ent( &or 5a(i! MOST general Mo,e Se'en!e Model

Fet PUT Retrn

6 / 0 6 / ' 6

. >ir(t P#a(e G FET:

It is the action that is performed y the %aour to reach to the o*ect in comination

!ith the ody motion and gain contro% of the o*ect. The 6 parameter indicates the

distance the hand or ody must tra$e% to reach the o*ect. The parameter

indicates the ody motion !hi%e performing the action and the 0 parameter

indicates the contro% gained y the %aour on the o*ect.

0. Se!ond P#a(e PUT:

This phase indicates the action to mo$e or p%ace the o*ect to another %ocation.

'arameter 6 and indicates the same function as mentioned in first phase 70#T

to p%ace the o*ect at required p%ace. The parameter ' indicates the !ay in !hich

the o*ect is p%aced at the desired p%ace.

2. T#ird P#a(e RETURN:

This phase indicates the distance tra$e%%ed y the %aour to return to the !or p%ace

after the o*ect is p%aced at the desired p%ace.

Ste"( to o*(er,e t#e P#a(e( o& "ara$eter &or 5a(i! MOST Feneral Mo,e

(e'en!e Model:

1. Beach to the o*ect co$ering distance of fe! steps in comination !ith the ody

motion.

2. 0ain manua% contro% of the o*ect

. Mo$e the o*ect at certain distance for p%acement in comination !ith the ody

motion


81/88

4. '%ace the o*ect as required

). Beturn to the !orp%ace

Pro!edre o& 5a(i! MOST Met#od:

0enera%%y 9 steps are used for app%ying asic M-ST methods such as3 7i

Se%ection of Co 7ii Se%ect the -perator for study 7iii Becord detai%s of acti$ity and

conditions of Wor 7i$ -ser$ation of each parameter 'hases 7$ 'arameter Inde


82/88

C#art 3.7

?i(t o& Ma-or Co$"anie( (ing MOST

Sr. ?i(t o& Ma-or Co$"anie( (ing Sr. ?i(t o& Ma-or Co$"anie( (ing

No MOST No MOST

Mahindra and Mahindra

1 6re$a 7S!itchgear 11 76utomoi%e

harat @orge 7+ran Menon and Menon

2 Shaft/6


83/88

Re&eren!e

1. ?iee% . W DMotion and Time Study‟ Bichard >. Ir!in Inc. Aome!ood

I%%inois 19(2.

2. Internationa% aour -rganisation 7I- DIntroduction to Wor Study‟ &ni$ersa%

'u%ishing +orp. India. Third Be$ised #dition 198(.

. Meyers 2""2 in DTime Study Method Imp%ementation in Manufacturing Industry‟ 6

.# Beport &ni$ersiti Technia% Ma%aysia Me%aa 2""8 ''. (.

4. Busse%% B.B. Tay%or .W.‟ -perations Management3 Nua%ity and

+ompetiti$eness in a 0%oa% #n$ironment‟ )th #dition C. Wi%ey ?e! Oor 2"").

). ?aayama S. D 6 study on setting standard time using !or achie$ement quotient‟

Internationa% Courna% of 'roduction Besearch Eo%. 4" ?o. 1) 2""2 '' 94):).

(. I5etego$ic C. D'rouca$an*e 0radite%*se 'roi5$odn*e‟ #%etronici

&d5eni Pagre @acu%ty of +i$i% #ngineering 2"",.

,a. Pandin Q.. DM-ST Wor Measurement Systems‟ A.. Maynard and

+ompany Inc ?e! Oor3 Marce% >eer Second #dition 198".

,. Ma%i M.B. DImpro$e the producti$ity using M-ST‟ 6 .# pro*ect Beport

ECTI Mumai 2""4.

,c. San*ay Qumar D-ptimi5ation of Besources in Ser$ice as !e%% as manufacturing industries‟

'h.>. thesis &ni$ersity of Mumai 2"1".

8 D P *


84/88

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87/88

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