magnetic component of strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma · 2008-08-21 · magnetic component of...

Magnetic Component of Strongly Coupled Quark-Gluon Plasma & QCD Phase Diagram from E-M Duality Perspective

Jinfeng Liao & Edward ShuryakSUNY Stony Brook

Aug. 14 , 2008 @ INT

INT QCDINT QCD--CPCP

OUTLINE

• E-M Duality for sQGP

• When Magnetic Scenario Meets Heavy Ion Data

• Pin Down the Parameters of Magnetic Component

• Discussions of QCD Phase Diagram


E-M Duality in General

• What E-M duality says:a) D+1 local field theory E, allowing D-dim. Topological

Excitations Mconvenient at E-coupling < 1 (M mass 1/E-coupling)

b) an eff. local field theory based on M with E non-local convenient at E-coupling > 1

c) further more the M-coupling ~ 1/ E-coupling !!!working examples ? YES !

• 2-D Ising model:

• 2-D sine-Gordon --- Thirring Model

• More nontrivial: \cal N=2 SYM Seiberg-Witten:


See:e.g. J. Harvey , hep-th/9603086

Minimal Lesson: D.o.F. in per. Spectrum may NOT be the D.o.F. at strong coupling !

New Quest for D.o.F


Very High TTc ~ 4 TcwQGPs-QGPHadronic World

???

quarks, gluons: EQPdominating thermodynamics pQCD calculable

non-pert. scale: e^2 TM-sector setting indim. reduction MQCDheavy, strongly correlated monopoles (Kolthas-Altes, Meyer, …)

hadrons: E-Compositeinteraction so strong quarks/gluons confined !however: hadrons are merely excitations of some more complicated stuff QCD vacuum: Magnetic

dual superconductor monopole condensation(`t Hooft -- Mandelstam)(lattice: Giacomo/Suzuki/Greensite/....)

Magnetic D.o.F: Lessons from S-W

• N=2 SYM: solved by Seiberg-Witten • Deg. vacua: complex higgs U

energy scale set by |U| (our analog: T) • confining point: monopole becomes

massless and forms condensate• on way to that: gluons more and more

heavy and strongly coupled • monopoles the OPPOSITE !!


From: Lerche, hep-th/9611190

Summarizing the E-component in sQGP• quarks/gluons from high-T down to Tc

become heavy and rare, gradually ceasing already about 1.5Tc

• hadrons from low-T do NOT necessarily melt right at Tc, instead they survive to about 1.5Tc and then dissolve into quarks and gluons at higher T

Q: what about M-component?q/g/H all heavy, who are ruling the bulk?


Very High TTc ~ 4 TcwQGPs-QGPHadronic World

quarks, gluons: EQP

non-pert. scale: e^2 TM-sector setting inheavy, strongly correlated monopoles

hadrons: E-Composite

QCD vacuum: Magnetic

dual superconductor, monopole ondensate

Magnetic Scenario for sQGP

1.5 Tc: e=g ?!

Magnetic Plasmamade of light and abundantmagentic monopoles

E-S-C

M-W-C M-S-C

E-W-C

JL & Shuryak, PRC75:054907,2007

• sQGP: a strongly-coupled plasma with both Electric and Magnetic charges

• What would be the transport properties of such a mixture plasma, e.g. viscosity, diffusion,…

• Strong constraints from heavy ion data !

• Also, is the magnetic component important for jet quenching ?

INT QCDINT QCD--CPCPWhen Magnetic Scenario

Meets Heavy Ion Data JL & Shuryak, PRC75:054907,2007 Also: JL & Shuryak, to appear

Warmup: Single Monopole Motion I


M/D

E

e

A. S. Goldhaber, et al, Am. J. Phys. 58(1990)429K. A. Milton, hep-ex/0002040

Charge-Monopole• studied in great details by many people, both classical and quantum

• Poincare cone: focusing & bouncing

Warmup: Single Monopole Motion II


eDipole-Monopole• Again : focusing

& bouncing• Now : even trapping• Important for transport !

+

-

M

V

E+

E-

E-M PING-PONG

Warmup: Single Monopole Motion III


A grain of salt :

• Very complicated trajectories• Cone-like structure near

the corners• Multi-bouncing before

eventually escaping

Warmup: Single Monopole Motion III


A Cage for Monopole :

Lorentz Trapping Effect• Enhance very much the

collision rate • Monopole can be trapped

locally for a time scale much longer than micro. time scale

Absent for E-charge in the same setting

MD for E-M Mixture Plasma


MD is a powerful tool :• QED Coulomb plasma extensively

studied• Non-Abelian Coulomb plasma studied

by Gelman, Shuryak, and Zahed• Extremely useful for calculating

transport properties

New Window -- 1st MD for E-M mixture• Lorentz force betwne E-M• ~1000 particles in a “cup”• Varying E/M ratio: M00,M25,M50• Varying Gamma as well• Measure viscosity, diffusion• Mapping to sQGP parameters

Transport: Diffusion INT QCDINT QCD--CPCP

• More mixing less diffusion• power law • the power is close to 0.47 (cube-

analysis) and the 0.5 (AdS/CFT)

Transport: Viscosity INT QCDINT QCD--CPCP

• More mixing less visicosity• rapid rising for Gamma < 1• tendency to rise again for Gamma~10

Transport Summary INT QCDINT QCD--CPCP

AdS/CFT predictions:(Kovtun,Son,Strainet;Casselderrey & Teaney)

Weakly coupled limit:both proportional to M.F.P.

RHIC Results:viscous hydro \eta/sheavy flaovr diffusion

Jet Quenching at RHIC

Nuclear Modification Factor:

Colorless Probe

Colorful Probe

R_aa = 1 : NO medium effect, just bunch of pp

Raa & V2 from Phenix

0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15

P_t0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

_V2

H02-

04%

LMinBias 0-10%

20-30% 40-50%

60-70% 80-92%

PHENIX,PRC76:034904,2007arXiv:0801.4020

Large Azimuthal Asymmetry !

Jet Energy Loss

Probe dependence:

Medium dependence:

Entangled dependence:

All together :

Note: mid rapidityhigh Pt > 5GeV

E ~ Pt

Raa AND V2 of High Pt Hadron

Raa : well described by most models

V2 in non-central collisions : surprisingly large !no satisfactory model ; what’s thegeometric limit ?

Shuryak, PRC66:027902,2002• hard sphere nuclei with sharp edges• constant \kappa

even black limit can NOT produce enough v_2Drees & Feng & Jia, PRC71:034909,2005• Woods-Saxon + medium dilution + quadratic length• constant \kappa

only bring down the v_2 (except cylindrical geo. up ~10%)

PHENIX,PRC76:034904,2007arXiv:0801.4020

Possible improvement : CGC like initial 10% increase of the final v_2 !

Rethinking about the \kappa

From: PRD77:014511,2008.

S

The dependence could be very non-trivial !

From “almond” to “ONION”

Pantuev, JETP Lett.85:104-108,2007Jet absorption retarded by a “latent time” of about 2-3fm

Scanning the RHIC Fireball with Jet

The jet :ignited in x-y plane according to density of binary collisionrandomly escaping near \phi=0,\pi/2,\pi,3\pi/2 directions

The medium :initial profile Woods-Saxon with impact b & Npart. scalingevolution Bjorken dilution ~ 1/ \tau

Key idea of our geometric model:

Varying s_min & s_max to scan layer by layer :really a kind of jet tomography !

Black Limit Raa & V2

b=7 , N_part ~ 260 , \tau_0 = 1 fm

V2 with constrained Raa

b=7 , N_part ~ 260 , \tau_0 = 1 fm

R_aa is constrained by measurements : b=7fm R_aa ~ 0.33 (PHENIX 20-30%)

For each layer scan:

first adjust \kappa to fit the R_aa

then calculate the V_2

PHENIX V2 20-40%5-15 GeV: ~ 0.10-0.14

HG Near Tc QGP

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

entropy interval Hêfm^3L0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.1

0.11

0.12

0.13

0.14

0.15

_V2

Hhti

waa_R

dettifL

V2 with constrained Raa@ another centrality

b=10 , N_part ~ 120 , \tau_0 = 1 fm

R_aa is constrained by measurements : b=10fm R_aa ~ 0.52 (PHENIX 40-50%)

For each layer scan:

first adjust \kappa to fit the R_aa

then calculate the V_2

PHENIX V2 40-60%5-15 GeV: ~ 0.11-0.15

HG Near Tc QGP

The Near Tc Region

No wonder the Near Tc Region shall be special on general ground.However:Our study of azimuthal asymmetry in high Pt hadron yield suggest in Particular that ------Jet quenching happens mostly in this Near Tc Region !

Is there any independent evidence for such a conclustion ?Yes the conical flow created from interaction of away-side jet with the medium

True 3PC jet correlations

1~ 0.35, ~ 24sc

sη

π⎛ ⎞×⎜ ⎟⎝ ⎠

From: Roy Lacey at ICHP08

From: PRD77:014511,2008.

In light of \eta / s

From: Csernai, Kapusta, McLerran From: Lacey & Collaborators

Minimal viscosity around TcStrong dissipation/relaxation concentrated locally

Thanks to Larry for pointing out this to me .

Magnetic Quenching of Electric Jet

Why more quenching in the Magnetic Plasma near Tc rather than in the QGP at higher T ?• Time argument :

• Mass argument :

• Density argument :

• Transport cross-section argument :

• Lattice Gauge Theory (LGT) is another important way of studying sQGP

• LGT provides important support for the dual superconductivity scenario of color confinement

• Are there evidence for the magnetic component of sQGP from LGT?

• Further: can the parameters of magnetic component be measured or inferred ?


Pin Down the Parameters of Magnetic Component JL & Shuryak, arXiv: 0804.0255


Magnetic Monopoles on the Lattice

Chernodub & Zakharov , arXiv:0611228,0806.2874;Chernodub, et al, arXiv: 0710.2547


Monopole Density & Correlation

D'Alessandro & D’Elia , arXiv:0711.1266

M-anti-M , M-M equal-time spatial orrelation functions


The Correlation Teaches us sth.

Gas

Liquid

Solid

From: Gelman, Shuryak, & Zahed, nucl-th/0601029


From Correlation to M-Coupling JL & Shuryak, arXiv: 0804.0255

Our MD

Lattice

M-coupling runs to be large at high T !


Magnetic Component is a Good Liquid JL & Shuryak, arXiv: 0804.0255

Plasma coupling of M-component:

• a magnetic componentof sQGP made of dense monopoles;

• the magnetic coupling runs oppositely to the electric, crossing around 1.5Tc;

• the magnetic component should be a good liquid:

all these are supported by the lattice calculations need more1 1.5 2 2.5 3 5 63.5 4.5 5.54

T ê T C

1

1.5

0

0.5

2

2.5

5

5.5

3

3.5

4.5

4

citengaM

G

á

á

á

á

á

á

á

á GM*

GE*

High T end :


More E-M Crossing

A. Nakamura, et al, PRD69(2004)014506

Screening mass

M. Baker, PRD78(2008)014009

Dual QCD : vacuum & finite T<3T

Electric component of sQGP 1-2Tc• Susceptibilities quarks/gluons: heavy below 1.5Tc

• Potential model Q.M. hadrons: survive above 1.5TcThey are NOT the only players, nor the dominant !E-M duality

Magnetic component of sQGP 1-2Tc• A good liquid made of dense monopoles

• Condense at lower T while become dilute and stronger coupled at higher T, oppositely to the electric

• Using MD we showed a mixture plasma explains the transport properties of the RHIC measurements

• It helps us understand the geometry & physics of jet quenching


Summary

Magnetic Scenario (with time)a deeper theoretical understanding of sQGP

New Phase Diagram from E-M Duality


RHIC

LHC

FAIR


The Order of Transition ?


The Order-Disorder Transition ?

Is dual superconductivity the correct picture for QCD confinement ?

CROSSOVER !! ??[ real QCD vacuumis confining, for sure. ]

Symmetric Phase ---- deconfined< Magnetic U(1) > = 0

Asymmetric Phase ---- confined < Magnetic U(1) > NOT 0NO CROSSOVER

Pisa group (Di Giacomo and collaborators)

DISCLAIMER: I am not to be blamed for the results ☺1st ORDER ??

arXiv:0710.1174 & refs therein

Backup: QCD in General

• QCD & QCD-like theoriessimple Lagrangian, rich phenomena

• N_c : # of color N_f : # of flavor

• Asymptotic freedom (UV)IR : strongly coupled

• Color confinement• Chiral Sys. Breaking


D.o.F. in per. Spectrum is NOT the D.o.F. in QCD vacuum !

Backup: Quarks & Gluons Down Toward TcINT QCDINT QCD--CPCP

T M_q / T M_g / T1.5 T_c 3.9(2) 3.4(3)3.0 T_c 1.7(1) 1.2(1)

• What is the M/T for q,g in sQGP? Abundant or NOT ?

• Direct Info. from lattice:(P. Petreczky, et al, Nucl. Phys.

Proc. Suppl. 106 (2002) 513.)

Already at 1.5Tc, EQPs are very heavy !

They may become even heavier further down to Tc !

Indirect probe: thermodynamic variablese.g. baryonic & isospin succeptibilities

Liao & Shuryak, PRD73:014509,2006

1. Quarks dominate close to 2Tc2. Baryons dominate close to Tc

Q-only

B-only

Backup: Bound States Above TcINT QCDINT QCD--CPCP

Liao & Shuryak, Nucl.Phys.A775:224,2006

In sQGP 1-2 Tc:• EQPs are heavy • Binary interaction is strong

forming bound state !hadrons surviving above Tceven more exotic states (Shuryak & Zahed, PRC 70(2004)021901 PRD 70(2004)054507)

First studied and found robust multi-body bound states : • baryons (qqq) and glueballs (ggg)• polymer chains Q-g-g----g-antiQ

Backup: RHIC ResultsINT QCDINT QCD--CPCP

D. Molnar & M. Gyulassy, Nucl. Phys. A 697(2002)495

D. Teaney, Phys.Rev.C68:034913,2003.

• Large masses found at lattice for quasi-quarks/gluons

M_q / T M_g / T1.5 T_c 3.9(2) 3.4(3)3.0 T_c 1.7(1) 1.2(1)

P. Petreczky, et al, Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 106 (2002) 513.


Backup: Masses from Lattice

Backup: Baryonic SusceptibilitesINT QCDINT QCD--CPCP

From: Liao & Shuryak, PRD73:014509,2006.

Backup: Bound StatesINT QCDINT QCD--CPCP

From: Shuryak & Zahed; Liao & Shuryak

Backup: Bound StatesINT QCDINT QCD--CPCP

From: Shuryak & Zahed; Liao & Shuryak

O. Kaczmarek, et al : Prog.Theor.Phys.Suppl.153(2004)287

Backup: Polymer ChainsINT QCDINT QCD--CPCP

From: Liao & Shuryak.

Backup: Dirac MonopolesINT QCDINT QCD--CPCP

A. S. Goldhaber, et al, Am. J. Phys. 58(1990)429K. A. Milton, hep-ex/0002040

Backup: eDipole-MonopoleINT QCDINT QCD--CPCP

“Magnetic Bottle “(Budker)in controlled thermal nulcear fusion

Backup: eDipole-MonopoleINT QCDINT QCD--CPCP

Backup: Lorentz TrappingINT QCDINT QCD--CPCP

Backup: MD setting INT QCDINT QCD--CPCP

Backup: Transport from MDINT QCDINT QCD--CPCP

Backup: ’t Hooft-PolyakovINT QCDINT QCD--CPCP

Backup: MAP & Wrapped TrajectoryINT QCDINT QCD--CPCP

Maximal Abelian Projection: SU(2) example Monopole density counting

From wrapped trajectories

Chernodub & Zakharov , arXiv:0806.2874

Abelian Dominance & Monopole Dominance for IR properties in the QCD vacuum are well established.

More about the way to monopole:

Backup: E-M Equilibrium PointINT QCDINT QCD--CPCP

A. Nakamura, et al, PRD69(2004)014506Approaching Tc from above:• E-screening mass decrease

less E-charge E-charge getting heavier

• M-screening mass increasemore M-chargeM-charge getting lighter

Chernodub & Ilgenfritz, arXiv: 0805.3714

magnetic component of strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma · 2008-08-21 · magnetic component of...

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