MacromoleculMacromoleculeses

LipidsLipids

Common myths and Common myths and misconceptions…do misconceptions…do you have something you have something

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1. What elements are always in 1. What elements are always in fats/lipids?fats/lipids?

C, H, OC, H, O

Intro to LipidsIntro to Lipids

There are There are three typesthree types of lipids of lipidsTriglycerides Triglycerides These are the lipids These are the lipids commonly known as fatcommonly known as fat

PhospholipidsPhospholipidsSterolsSterols

2. What is the monomer "building 2. What is the monomer "building block" of fats/lipids?block" of fats/lipids?

Fatty acidsFatty acids: long chains of C and H with an acid group : long chains of C and H with an acid group “COOH” at the end“COOH” at the end

There are There are 2020 different fatty acids that make up lipids different fatty acids that make up lipids They vary byThey vary by: :

Length of chain Length of chain Whether the carbons have a SINGLE OR DOUBLE Whether the carbons have a SINGLE OR DOUBLE

bond between them (bond between them (saturated or unsaturatedsaturated or unsaturated)) Total number of double bonds (Total number of double bonds (monounsaturated or monounsaturated or

polyunsaturatedpolyunsaturated))

Unsaturated vs. Unsaturated vs. Saturated Fatty AcidsSaturated Fatty Acids

UnsaturatedUnsaturated fatty acids: a fatty acids: a fatty acid with fatty acid with one or more one or more double bondsdouble bonds between carbons between carbons

SaturatedSaturated fatty acids: a fatty fatty acids: a fatty acid with all of its carbons acid with all of its carbons bound to a hydrogenbound to a hydrogenNO DOUBLE BONDSNO DOUBLE BONDS

Monounsaturated vs. Monounsaturated vs. Polyunsaturated Fatty AcidsPolyunsaturated Fatty Acids

MonoMonounsaturated: unsaturated: ONEONE double bond between double bond between carbonscarbons

PolyPolyunsaturated: Two or unsaturated: Two or more (more (manymany) double ) double bonds between carbonsbonds between carbons

3. What two "parts" or "portions" are 3. What two "parts" or "portions" are there in the general structure of fats?there in the general structure of fats?

The The TRITRIglycerglycerideide, , commonly known commonly known as fat, is made up as fat, is made up a a THREETHREE fatty fatty acids connected acids connected to one to one glycerolglycerol

4. What is a general 4. What is a general property of all lipids?property of all lipids?

HydrophobicHydrophobic““Hydro” = waterHydro” = water““Phobic” = fearPhobic” = fear

In other words, In other words, they they DO NOTDO NOT dissolve in waterdissolve in water

5. What is the difference between the 5. What is the difference between the structure of saturated and unsaturated fats?structure of saturated and unsaturated fats?

6. What is the difference between what unsaturated and 6. What is the difference between what unsaturated and saturated fats look like at room temperature?saturated fats look like at room temperature?

Saturated fats tend to Saturated fats tend to be be solidsolid at room at room temperaturetemperature

Unsaturated fats tend Unsaturated fats tend to be to be liquidliquid at room at room temperaturetemperature

7. What are some general functions 7. What are some general functions of fats/lipids in the body?of fats/lipids in the body?

1.1.Energy storageEnergy storage Your body has an UNLIMITED ability to Your body has an UNLIMITED ability to

store excess calories as fatstore excess calories as fat Your fat reserves have the ability to enlarge as Your fat reserves have the ability to enlarge as

much as 1000X their original sizemuch as 1000X their original size2.2.Insulation & maintenance Insulation & maintenance of body temperatureof body temperature3. 3. Transport proteins in bloodTransport proteins in blood4. Allows you to absorb certain 4. Allows you to absorb certain vitaminsvitamins

8. Identify at least TWO specific 8. Identify at least TWO specific examples of fats/lipids and explain their examples of fats/lipids and explain their

functions in the body.functions in the body.

Phospholipid:Phospholipid: Make up the membrane of your cellsMake up the membrane of your cells

Cholesterol:Cholesterol: Part of your cells’ membrane; Part of your cells’ membrane;

provides structureprovides structure Cholesterol is needed to make Cholesterol is needed to make

vitamin D, sex hormones, and bile vitamin D, sex hormones, and bile acidsacids

9. What are some food sources of 9. What are some food sources of saturated saturated fat?fat?

Animal sources such as meat Animal sources such as meat Whole-milk dairy products Whole-milk dairy products

(butter, ice cream, cheese)(butter, ice cream, cheese)CandiesCandiesCommercially made baked Commercially made baked

goodsgoods

10. What are some food sources of 10. What are some food sources of unsaturatedunsaturated fat? fat?

Corn, canola, and soybean oilsCorn, canola, and soybean oilsAnd products made with themAnd products made with them

Almonds, peanuts, walnutsAlmonds, peanuts, walnutsFish: salmon, herring, sardinesFish: salmon, herring, sardinesSeafood: lobster, shrimpSeafood: lobster, shrimp

Nutrition Sleuth – Nutrition Sleuth – Assessing the Fat Assessing the Fat

Content of Fast Content of Fast FoodsFoods

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