MacromoleculesMacromolecules

Carbs, Lipids, Nucleic Carbs, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, and ProteinsAcids, and Proteins

MacromoleculesMacromolecules Smallest units (Smallest units (monomersmonomers) form larger units) form larger units

((polymerspolymers).).

There are four groups of organic compounds found in There are four groups of organic compounds found in living things…living things…

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates

Made up of C, H, and OMade up of C, H, and O

Carbs Contd.Carbs Contd.

Living things use carbs as main Living things use carbs as main source of source of energyenergy! (quick energy)! (quick energy)

Plants and some animals use for Plants and some animals use for structurestructure– Ex: Cell Walls = celluloseEx: Cell Walls = cellulose

Polymer (starch)

Starch is a polymer of glucose monomers that often has a branched structure.

Polymer (cellulose)

Cellulose is a polymer of glucose monomers that has a straight, rigid structure

monomer

Lipids!!!Lipids!!!

Too many mice

Tom Cruise in 15 years!

LipidsLipids

Formed from chains of C and HFormed from chains of C and H

LipidsLipids

2 main uses2 main uses– 1) Store energy1) Store energy– 2) Used in biological membranes2) Used in biological membranes

Ex: Fats, oils, waxes, steroidsEx: Fats, oils, waxes, steroids

LipidsLipids

Saturated – No double bondsSaturated – No double bonds– Max number of hydrogens = badMax number of hydrogens = bad

LipidsLipids Unsaturated – have one or more Unsaturated – have one or more

double bonds = gooddouble bonds = good

Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acids

Made of H, O, N, C, and PMade of H, O, N, C, and P Made of monomers called Nucleotides:Made of monomers called Nucleotides:

Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acids Store and transmit hereditary, or Store and transmit hereditary, or

genetic, informationgenetic, information– Ex: DNAEx: DNA RNARNA

ProteinsProteins Contain N, C, H, and OContain N, C, H, and O Multiple amino acids make a proteinMultiple amino acids make a protein

– 20 amino acids found in nature20 amino acids found in nature

ProteinsProteins

After an amino acid chain is formed, it folds into a unique three-After an amino acid chain is formed, it folds into a unique three-dimensional shape, which is the protein’s secondary structure, dimensional shape, which is the protein’s secondary structure, such as a such as a helixhelix or a or a pleatpleat..

ProteinsProteins As As EnzymesEnzymes: help carry out chemical : help carry out chemical

reactions, transport molecules, and reactions, transport molecules, and fight diseasefight disease

Ex: catalase - breaks down hydrogen peroxideEx: catalase - breaks down hydrogen peroxide