Macmillan Education

4 Crinan Street London N1 9XW

A division of Macmillan Publishers Limited

Companies and representatives throughout the world

wwwmacmillan-caribbeancom

ISBN 978-0-230-48225-8

copy Caribbean Examinations Council (CXCreg) 2017

wwwcxcorg

wwwcxc-storecom

The author has asserted their right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the

Copyright Design and Patents Act 1988

First published 2014

This revised version published 2017

Permission to copy

The material in this book is copyright However the publisher grants permission for copies to be

made without fee Individuals may make copies for their own use or for use by classes of which they

are in charge institutions may make copies for use within and by the staff and students of that

institution For copying in any other circumstances prior permission in writing must be obtained

from Macmillan Publishers Limited Under no circumstances may the material in this book be used

in part or in its entirety for commercial gain It must not be sold in any format

Designed by Macmillan Publishers Limited

Cover design by Macmillan Publishers Limited and Red Giraffe

CSECreg Agricultural Science Free Resources

LIST OF CONTENTS

CSECreg Agricultural Science Syllabus Extract 3

CSECreg Agricultural Science Syllabus Specimen Papers and Mark Schemes 4

CSECreg Agricultural Science Subject Reports

2004 Single Award Subject Report 162

2004 Double Award Subject Report 171

2005 Single Award Subject Report 191

2005 Double Award Subject Report 199

2006 Single Award Subject Report 214

2006 Double Award Subject Report 222

2007 Single Award Subject Report 236

2007 Double Award Subject Report 250

2008 Single amp Double Award Subject Report 266

2009 Single amp Double Award Subject Report 279

2010 Single amp Double Award Subject Report 291

2011 Single amp Double Award Subject Report 309

2012 Single amp Double Award Subject Report 318

2013 Single amp Double Award Subject Report 327

2014 Single amp Double Award Subject Report 339

2015 Single amp Double Award Subject Report 352

Agricultural Science

The Agricultural Science syllabus is designed to allow students to develop knowledge

and understanding of the interaction between the component parts of agriculture and

WKH VFLHQWLiquestF SULQFLSOHV WKDW H[SODLQ WKH SURFHVVHV WKDW WDNH SODFH ZKHQ LQSXWV DUH

transformed into outputs The syllabus requires students to treat with certain conceptual

and theoretical issues associated with the discipline while at the same time providing

them with the opportunity to develop a wide range of practical skills and an awareness

of the technologies associated with agriculture

The syllabus provides for study leading to a Single Award or a Double Award in the

VXEMHFWDQGLVDUUDQJHGLQiquestYHVHFWLRQV

bull Section A The Business of Farming

bull Section B Crop Production

bull Section C Animal Production

bull Section D Horticulture

bull Section E Animal Management

Candidates presented for the Single Award examination must complete Sections A

B and C only while candidates presented for the Double Award examination must

FRPSOHWH6HFWLRQV$WR(DOOiquestYHVHFWLRQV

Effective for examinations from MayndashJune 2018

SYLLABUS

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE

CXC 07GSYLL 16

Caribbean Secondary Education Certificatereg

CXC 07GSYLL 16

Correspondence related to the syllabus should be addressed to The Pro-Registrar Caribbean Examinations Council Caenwood Centre 37 Arnold Road Kingston 5 Jamaica Telephone Number + 1 (876) 630-5200

Facsimile Number + 1 (876) 967-4972 E-mail Address cxcwzocxcorg Website wwwcxcorg Copyright copy2015 by Caribbean Examinations Council Prince Road Pine Plantation Road St Michael BB11091

CXC 07GSYLL 16

Content

RATIONALE 1 AIMS 2 CAREER CHOICES 2 SUGGESTED RESOURCES 3 CANDIDATE REQUIREMENT 5 SUGGESTED TIMETABLE ALLOCATION 5 ORGANISATION OF THE SYLLABUS 5 RECOMMENDED TEACHING APPROACHES 6 CERTIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF PROFILE DIMENSIONS 6 SKILLS AND ABILITIES TO BE ASSESSED 7 FORMAT OF THE EXAMINATIONS 7 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND ALLIED SUBJECTS 12 REGULATIONS FOR PRIVATE CANDIDATES 12 REGULATIONS FOR RESIT CANDIDATES 12 SECTION A INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURE 13

SECTION B CROP PRODUCTION 17

SECTION C ANIMAL PRODUCTION 26

SECTION D THE BUSINESS OF FARMING 36

SECTION E CROP AND ANIMAL MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES 40

SECTION F ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND COMMUNICATION IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR 49 GUIDELINES FOR THE CONDUCT OF SCHOOL-BASED ASSESSMENT 55 RESOURCES 82

GLOSSARY 83 SPECIMEN PAPERShelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip87

CXC 07GSYLL 16

This document CXC 07GSYLL 16 replaces CXC 070SYLL 99 and CXC 29GSYLL 99 issued in 1999

Revised 2006 2016

Please check the website wwwcxcorg for updates on CXCrsquos syllabuses

Agricultural Science

The Agricultural Science syllabus is designed to allow students to develop knowledge

and understanding of the interaction between the component parts of agriculture and

WKH VFLHQWLiquestF SULQFLSOHV WKDW H[SODLQ WKH SURFHVVHV WKDW WDNH SODFH ZKHQ LQSXWV DUH

transformed into outputs The syllabus requires students to treat with certain conceptual

and theoretical issues associated with the discipline while at the same time providing

them with the opportunity to develop a wide range of practical skills and an awareness

of the technologies associated with agriculture

The syllabus provides for study leading to a Single Award or a Double Award in the

VXEMHFWDQGLVDUUDQJHGLQiquestYHVHFWLRQV

bull Section A The Business of Farming

bull Section B Crop Production

bull Section C Animal Production

bull Section D Horticulture

bull Section E Animal Management

Candidates presented for the Single Award examination must complete Sections A

B and C only while candidates presented for the Double Award examination must

FRPSOHWH6HFWLRQV$WR(DOOiquestYHVHFWLRQV

Effective for examinations from MayndashJune 2018

SYLLABUS

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE

CXC 07GSYLL 16

Caribbean Secondary Education Certificatereg

CXC 07GSYLL 16

Correspondence related to the syllabus should be addressed to The Pro-Registrar Caribbean Examinations Council Caenwood Centre 37 Arnold Road Kingston 5 Jamaica Telephone Number + 1 (876) 630-5200

Facsimile Number + 1 (876) 967-4972 E-mail Address cxcwzocxcorg Website wwwcxcorg Copyright copy2015 by Caribbean Examinations Council Prince Road Pine Plantation Road St Michael BB11091

CXC 07GSYLL 16

Content

RATIONALE 1 AIMS 2 CAREER CHOICES 2 SUGGESTED RESOURCES 3 CANDIDATE REQUIREMENT 5 SUGGESTED TIMETABLE ALLOCATION 5 ORGANISATION OF THE SYLLABUS 5 RECOMMENDED TEACHING APPROACHES 6 CERTIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF PROFILE DIMENSIONS 6 SKILLS AND ABILITIES TO BE ASSESSED 7 FORMAT OF THE EXAMINATIONS 7 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND ALLIED SUBJECTS 12 REGULATIONS FOR PRIVATE CANDIDATES 12 REGULATIONS FOR RESIT CANDIDATES 12 SECTION A INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURE 13

SECTION B CROP PRODUCTION 17

SECTION C ANIMAL PRODUCTION 26

SECTION D THE BUSINESS OF FARMING 36

SECTION E CROP AND ANIMAL MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES 40

SECTION F ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND COMMUNICATION IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR 49 GUIDELINES FOR THE CONDUCT OF SCHOOL-BASED ASSESSMENT 55 RESOURCES 82

GLOSSARY 83 SPECIMEN PAPERShelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip87

CXC 07GSYLL 16

This document CXC 07GSYLL 16 replaces CXC 070SYLL 99 and CXC 29GSYLL 99 issued in 1999

Revised 2006 2016

Please check the website wwwcxcorg for updates on CXCrsquos syllabuses

Effective for examinations from MayndashJune 2018

SYLLABUS

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE

CXC 07GSYLL 16

Caribbean Secondary Education Certificatereg

CXC 07GSYLL 16

Correspondence related to the syllabus should be addressed to The Pro-Registrar Caribbean Examinations Council Caenwood Centre 37 Arnold Road Kingston 5 Jamaica Telephone Number + 1 (876) 630-5200

Facsimile Number + 1 (876) 967-4972 E-mail Address cxcwzocxcorg Website wwwcxcorg Copyright copy2015 by Caribbean Examinations Council Prince Road Pine Plantation Road St Michael BB11091

CXC 07GSYLL 16

Content

RATIONALE 1 AIMS 2 CAREER CHOICES 2 SUGGESTED RESOURCES 3 CANDIDATE REQUIREMENT 5 SUGGESTED TIMETABLE ALLOCATION 5 ORGANISATION OF THE SYLLABUS 5 RECOMMENDED TEACHING APPROACHES 6 CERTIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF PROFILE DIMENSIONS 6 SKILLS AND ABILITIES TO BE ASSESSED 7 FORMAT OF THE EXAMINATIONS 7 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND ALLIED SUBJECTS 12 REGULATIONS FOR PRIVATE CANDIDATES 12 REGULATIONS FOR RESIT CANDIDATES 12 SECTION A INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURE 13

SECTION B CROP PRODUCTION 17

SECTION C ANIMAL PRODUCTION 26

SECTION D THE BUSINESS OF FARMING 36

SECTION E CROP AND ANIMAL MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES 40

SECTION F ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND COMMUNICATION IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR 49 GUIDELINES FOR THE CONDUCT OF SCHOOL-BASED ASSESSMENT 55 RESOURCES 82

GLOSSARY 83 SPECIMEN PAPERShelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip87

CXC 07GSYLL 16

This document CXC 07GSYLL 16 replaces CXC 070SYLL 99 and CXC 29GSYLL 99 issued in 1999

Revised 2006 2016

Please check the website wwwcxcorg for updates on CXCrsquos syllabuses

CXC 07GSYLL 16

Correspondence related to the syllabus should be addressed to The Pro-Registrar Caribbean Examinations Council Caenwood Centre 37 Arnold Road Kingston 5 Jamaica Telephone Number + 1 (876) 630-5200

Facsimile Number + 1 (876) 967-4972 E-mail Address cxcwzocxcorg Website wwwcxcorg Copyright copy2015 by Caribbean Examinations Council Prince Road Pine Plantation Road St Michael BB11091

CXC 07GSYLL 16

Content

RATIONALE 1 AIMS 2 CAREER CHOICES 2 SUGGESTED RESOURCES 3 CANDIDATE REQUIREMENT 5 SUGGESTED TIMETABLE ALLOCATION 5 ORGANISATION OF THE SYLLABUS 5 RECOMMENDED TEACHING APPROACHES 6 CERTIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF PROFILE DIMENSIONS 6 SKILLS AND ABILITIES TO BE ASSESSED 7 FORMAT OF THE EXAMINATIONS 7 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND ALLIED SUBJECTS 12 REGULATIONS FOR PRIVATE CANDIDATES 12 REGULATIONS FOR RESIT CANDIDATES 12 SECTION A INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURE 13

SECTION B CROP PRODUCTION 17

SECTION C ANIMAL PRODUCTION 26

SECTION D THE BUSINESS OF FARMING 36

SECTION E CROP AND ANIMAL MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES 40

SECTION F ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND COMMUNICATION IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR 49 GUIDELINES FOR THE CONDUCT OF SCHOOL-BASED ASSESSMENT 55 RESOURCES 82

GLOSSARY 83 SPECIMEN PAPERShelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip87

CXC 07GSYLL 16

This document CXC 07GSYLL 16 replaces CXC 070SYLL 99 and CXC 29GSYLL 99 issued in 1999

Revised 2006 2016

Please check the website wwwcxcorg for updates on CXCrsquos syllabuses

CXC 07GSYLL 16

Content

RATIONALE 1 AIMS 2 CAREER CHOICES 2 SUGGESTED RESOURCES 3 CANDIDATE REQUIREMENT 5 SUGGESTED TIMETABLE ALLOCATION 5 ORGANISATION OF THE SYLLABUS 5 RECOMMENDED TEACHING APPROACHES 6 CERTIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF PROFILE DIMENSIONS 6 SKILLS AND ABILITIES TO BE ASSESSED 7 FORMAT OF THE EXAMINATIONS 7 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND ALLIED SUBJECTS 12 REGULATIONS FOR PRIVATE CANDIDATES 12 REGULATIONS FOR RESIT CANDIDATES 12 SECTION A INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURE 13

SECTION B CROP PRODUCTION 17

SECTION C ANIMAL PRODUCTION 26

SECTION D THE BUSINESS OF FARMING 36

SECTION E CROP AND ANIMAL MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES 40

SECTION F ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND COMMUNICATION IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR 49 GUIDELINES FOR THE CONDUCT OF SCHOOL-BASED ASSESSMENT 55 RESOURCES 82

GLOSSARY 83 SPECIMEN PAPERShelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip87

CXC 07GSYLL 16

This document CXC 07GSYLL 16 replaces CXC 070SYLL 99 and CXC 29GSYLL 99 issued in 1999

Revised 2006 2016

Please check the website wwwcxcorg for updates on CXCrsquos syllabuses

CXC 07GSYLL 16

This document CXC 07GSYLL 16 replaces CXC 070SYLL 99 and CXC 29GSYLL 99 issued in 1999

Revised 2006 2016

Please check the website wwwcxcorg for updates on CXCrsquos syllabuses