machine guarding 29 cfr 1910.211 to 1910.219. rule of thumb any machine part, function, or process...
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Machine Guarding29 CFR 1910.211 to 1910.219
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Rule of Thumb
Any machine part, function, or process that may cause injury must be safeguarded.
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Regulatory Requirements
Regulatory requirements found in 29 CFR 1910, Subpart O
Applies to specific types of equipment Delineates general requirements
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Where Mechanical Hazards Occur
The point of operation In the power transmission apparatus Other moving parts
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Hazardous Mechanical Motions
Rotating Reciprocating Transverse
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Hazardous Actions
Cutting Punching Shearing Bending
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Types of Rotating Mechanisms
Collars Couplings Cams Clutches Flywheels Shaft ends Spindles
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Nip Points
Caused by rotating parts Causes include
– Parts rotating in opposite directions– Parts rotating tangentially– Parts rotating close to a fixed part
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Types of Reciprocating Motions
Back and forth Up and down
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Types of Transverse Motions
Straight and in a continuous line Examples include two pulleys and a belt
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Cutting Actions
Include– Rotating motions– Reciprocating motions– Transverse motions
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Types of Cutting Mechanisms
Band saws Circular saws Boring or
drilling machines Lathes Milling machines
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Types of Punching Actions
A ram mechanism:– Blanks– Draws – Stamps
Used on metal or other materials
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Types of Punching Equipment
Power presses Iron working equipment
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Types of Shearing Actions
Uses a powered slide or knife Done to trim or shear metal or other materials
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Types of Shearing Equipment
Shears that are operated:– Hydraulically– Mechanically– Pneumatically
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Types of Bending Actions
Power is applied to a slide to:– Draw – Stamp
Used on metal or other materials
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Types of Bending Equipment
Power presses Press brakes Tubing benders
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Requirements for Safeguards
Minimum general requirements include:– Prevent contact– Secure– Protect from falling objects– Create no new hazards– Create no interference– Allow for safe lubrication
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Classifications of Safeguards
Guards Devices Location/distance Feeding and ejection methods Miscellaneous aids
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Types of Guards
Fixed Interlocked Adjustable Self-adjusting
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Types of Devices
Presence Sensing– Photoelectrical– Radio frequency– Electromechanical
Pullbacks or Restraints
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Types of Devices (cont.)
Safety Controls– Safety trip control
• Pressure-sensitive body bar• Safety tripod• Safety tripwire cable
– Two-hand control– Two-hand trip
Gates– Interlocked– Other
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Location/Distance
Makes it virtually impossible to contact moving parts
Separates operators from the equipment Limited by the available workspace
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Feeding and Ejection Methods
Automatic feed Semiautomatic feed Automatic ejection Semiautomatic ejection Robot
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Miscellaneous Aids
Awareness barriers Protective shields Hand-feeding tools and holding fixtures
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Quiz
1. Mechanical hazards occur at the point of operation, in the power transmission apparatus, and ____________.
2. Any moving part on a piece of equipment that could injure an employee should be guarded. True or False
3. Power presses are extremely dangerous because of the force necessary for them to operate. True or False
4. Shearing mechanisms can be operated with _____________, ___________, or ___________ energy.
5. As long as the guards remain in place, operators should not be trained on machine guarding. True or False
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Quiz (cont.)
6. A robot is one type of automated feeding and ejection mechanism. True or False
7. Hazardous mechanical motions include _____________, ____________, and _____________.
8. Nip points are created when sliding mechanisms move back and forth. True or False
9. Cutting mechanisms include ____________________, ____________________ and ____________________.
10. Location and distance is not a classification of machine safeguarding. True or False
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Quiz Answers
1. Mechanical hazards occur at the point of operation,in the power transmission apparatus, and in any other moving parts.
2. True. All moving parts that create a hazard should be guarded.
3. True. The force of a power press can destroy metal, let alone the human body.
4. Shearing mechanisms can be operated with hydraulic, mechanical, or pneumatic energy.
5. False. If operators work with equipment containing safeguards, they should be adequately trained on how to use them.
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Quiz Answers (cont.)
6. True. A robot is a type of feeding and/or ejection method.
7. Hazardous mechanical motions include rotating, reciprocating, and transverse.
8. False. Nip points are created by rotating parts.
9. Cutting mechanisms include band saws, circular saws, drilling machines, lathes, and milling machines.
10. False. Location and distance is one of five classifications of machine safeguarding.