macedon - university of albertaegarvin/assets/16-macedon-to-philip-ii.pdf · political structure...
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Political Structure
Small agricultural or mountain villages governed by a local baron.
Monarchy dependent upon the barons.
The king was primus inter pares.
Accession required ratification of the barons
International treaties often required the inclusion of the barons as signatories.
There was little or no court formality.
Amyntas I
513 - 497
Nominal subject of Darius I after 512
Benefited from the defeat of the Paeonians.
Athenian proxenos
Offered Hippias Anthemous in 506 BC.
Alexander I
Subject to Persia from 492 BC. Helped Xerxes with supplies and directions.
Philhellene Olympic competitor in 508 or 504
Provided lumber for Athenian fleet
Proxenos for Athens by 480 BC.
Joined the Delian League
Fifth Century Argeadae
Perdiccas 454 - 413 Menelaus Amyntas
Alexander I 497 - 454
Archelaus 413 - 399
Orestes Amyntas II399 – 96 394/3
Arrhidaeus
Eurydice = Amyntas III 392 - 370
Amyntas III
392 – 370
Euridice, daughter of Sirrhas of Lyncestis
Defeated by Illyrians in 394/3
Returned in 392 with aid of Chalcidians
Attacked Chalcidians in 383:Driven back even losing Pella
Returned with support of Sparta
Sons of Amyntas:
Amyntas III = Eurydice
Alexander II Perdiccas III Philip II(369-68) (365 – 59) (359 – 36)
Philip II
Philip’s problems in 359:Illyria hostile (holding upper Macedonia)
Threat from Thrace; Supporting Pausanias for the throne
The Paeonian raids along the Axios.
Athens asserting claims on Amphipolis Supporting Argaeus for the throne
Archelaus (half brother) claimed the throne
Philip’s Solutions:
The Paeonians and Illyrians were greedy so he bought them off.
Argaeus was overconfident so he ambushed him.
Athens claimed to be ‘freeing’ Amphipolis so Philip granted them their freedom.
Philip settled with Archelaus
Philip’s Reforms
Weaponry standardized and provided by the state.
The spear was replaced by the sarissa,Troops under the pay of the king and could
be drilled regularly.The panoply was lightened.The cavalry became an offensive arm.The nobility were included in a reciprocal
deal
Philip on the Offensive
358: Attacked and defeated the Paeonians and Illyrians.
357: Took Amphipolis.With Olynthus attacked Potidaea.Took Crenides and renamed it Philippi. Revenues from gold mines
357 BC.Alexander of Pherae assassinated. Philip drawn into a protracted war in Thessaly
The Sacred War
355 – 347: Phocians sieze Delphi
Philip supporting Larissa against Pherae
Phocis, Pherae, Athens and Sparta
Vs.
Thebes, Larissa (and Philip)
Philip given control of Amphictyonic Council
Expansion of Macedon
344: Conquest of Illyria
343: Conquest of Thrace
341/0: Philip attacked Perinthus and Byzantium.
Resistance from both Athens and Persia brought a truce
338: Philip marches against Athens
Athens and Thebes defeated at Chaeronea
The League of Corinth
337:
Philip convenes council of Greek states at Corinth
Philip elected hegemon
Panhellenic war against Persia
336:
Attalus and Parmenion lead advance force to the Troad
Death of Philip
336:
Cleopatra, daughter of Philip, to marry Alexander of Epirus
Pausanias, member of the bodyguard, assassinates Philip.