m4m 2 the rescue of m2m - eclipse democamps fall 2013

M4M 2 the Rescue of M2M

Werner Keil

Eclipse DemoCamp Stuttgart

6th December 2013

Standards forThe Internet of Things

Overview

• Introduction•Sensors and Measurement

• Historic IT Errors and Bugs• UOMo, Unit-API, UCUM

• Demo• M2M

• Sensor Web, SensorML• Use Cases, Framework, Protocols, Tools

•Embedded Standards• Embedded Java Standards, Other Trends

•Q&A

2 © 2007-2013 Creative Arts & Technologies

Who am I?


Werner Keil

• Consultant – Coach

• Creative Cosmopolitan

• Open Source Evangelist

• Software Architect

• Java Godfather

• UOMo Project Lead

• ETCS Guy …

Email [email protected]

Twitter @wernerkeil

mailto:[email protected]

Let the Games begin

4 © 2007-2013 Creative Arts & Technologies Images © Copyright 2007 Cyberslayer

Measure for Measure


Mistaking a Pirate…

Images © Copyright 2011 Getty Images

Measure for Measure


For a heroof the story...

Images © Copyright 2012 The Old Globe, San Diego CA

Measure for Measure


Mistaking a Duke…

Measure for Measure


For afriar...

Images based on poster created for the Oregon Shakespeare Festival © 2011 by Jeff Rauch

Type-Safety

•Java does not have strongly typed base types (like e.g. Ada or Smalltalk).

• This could change around Java 10 or 11 (based on Oracle Road Map and statements)

•For performance reasons most developer prefer primitive types over objects in their interface.

•Primitive type arguments can more easily lead to name clashes (methods with the same signature) or other problems (“Auto-Boxing”,…)


What do these disasters have in common?•Patriot Missile

The cause was an inaccurate calculation of the time since boot due to a computer arithmetic error.

•Ariane 5 ExplosionFloating point number which a value was converted from had a value greater than what would be represented by a 16 bit signed integer.

• Gimli Glider (near disaster)Fuel loading was miscalculated through misunderstanding of the recently adopted Metric System, replacing the Imperial System in Canada


•Mars Orbiter Preliminary findings indicate that one team used US/English units (e.g. inches, feet and pounds) while the other used metric units for a key spacecraft operation.

• NASA lost a $125 million Mars orbiter because a Lockheed Martin engineering team used English units of measurement while the agency's team used the more conventional metric system for a key spacecraft operation

• A credible source disclosed, there was a manual step with an outsourced person to convert these calculations between the different teams, and NASA budget cuts caused them to fire him and have the wrong, unpatched data transmitted!!!

• This also underlines the added risk when 3rd party contractors are involved or projects are developed Offshore

What do these disasters have in common?


23rd March 1983. Ronald Reagan announces SDI (or “Star Wars”): ground-based and space-based systems to protect the US from attack by strategic nuclear ballistic missiles.

NASA “Star Wars” Initiative, 1983


http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e5/C13571-8a.jpg

1985

Mirror on underside of shuttle

SDI Experiment: The Plan

Big mountain in Hawaii


http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Sts-51-g-patch.png

1985

SDI Experiment: What really happened


http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Sts-51-g-patch.png


1985: Why it happened?

Unit Tests wouldn‘t find these…

•All previous examples illustrate three categories of errors difficult to find through Unit Testing:

• Interface Errors (e.g. millisecond/second, radian/degree, meters/feet).

• Arithmetic Errors (e.g. overflow).

• Conversion Errors.

Despite their name

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Causes of Conversion Errors

•Ambiguity on the unit• Gallon Dry / Gallon Liquid - Gallon US / Gallon UK

• Day Sidereal / Day Calendar

• Foot in various regions, at least historically, see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_obsolete_units_of_measurement#Fu.C3.9F_.28foot.29

• Degree Celsius / Degree Fahrenheit• Did you know that Gabriel Fahrenheit was born in Gdansk (Danzig) in northern

Poland?

• …

•Wrong conversion factors:static final double PIXEL_TO_INCH = 1 / 72;

double pixels = inches * PIXEL_TO_INCH


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_obsolete_units_of_measurement#Fu.C3.9F_.28foot.29




ALL OF THEM HAPPENED IN MOBILE, REAL TIME OR EMBEDDED SYSTEMS!

What else do they have in common?


Measurement Package

• Namespace: org.osgi.util.measurement

• SI only Unit API “in the closet”• Unit

Essentially an SI singleton holding relevant unit constants, too.• Measurement

Represents a value with an error, a unit and a time-stamp. • State

Groups a state name, value and timestamp.

•Some usage, e.g. by Automotive

► no further development by OSGi

OSGi


• Namespace: javax.microediton.sensor*

• Focusing on Sensors, but it got a minimalistic Unit API “in the closet”

• UnitEssentially an SI singleton holding relevant unit constants, too.JavaDoc: http://pandora.la/java/javadocs/sensor/javax/microedition/sensor/Unit.html

• ChannelInfoHolding name, accuracy, data type,measurement ranges, scale and unit

• MeasurementRangeRange of possible values from minimum to maximum

► Dead Meat (few actual handsets and no vendors except Nokia still use it, nor does Java ME Embedded)

JSR-256


Mobile Sensor API

http://pandora.la/java/javadocs/sensor/javax/microedition/sensor/Unit.html

•Namespace: javax.measure.*

•Only one interface and one abstract class• public interface Measurable<Q extends Quantity>

• public abstract class Measure<V, Q extends Quantity>

•Three sub-packages• quantity (holds dimensions mass, length)

• unit (holds the SI and NonSI units)

• converter (holds unit converters)

JSR-275


Units Specification

•JScience

•Groovy/Grails• DSLs e.g. for Healthcare

•GeoAPI (OGC standard) and implementations, e.g.• uDig (see slide 32)

•Parfait• Java Monitoring, part of Performance Co-Pilot (PCP)

•…

JSR-275


Users and popular Downstream Projects

•Namespace: org.unitsofmeasurement.*

•Only interfaces (and exception classes)• public interface Quantity<Q extends Quantity<Q>>

• public interface Unit<Q extends Quantity<Q>>

•Three sub-packages• quantity (holds dimensions mass, length,...)

• unit (holds units)

• service (holds services)

The King is Dead…


Units of Measurement API

Walking

Eclipse UOMo

One Small Step…

One Unit Framework to Measure them All

•Namespace: org.eclipse.uomo.*

•Two main areas• Static Type Safe Units of Measure Support

• Based on Units of Measurement API

• On top of ICU4J, the Globalization standard at Eclipse and others (Android, GWT, Google Financial, etc.)

• Prime UCUM Implementation• Successor to Eclipse OHF UCUM Bundle

Eclipse UOMo


Unified Code for Units of Measure

The Unified Code for Units of Measure is inspired byand heavily based on

• ISO 2955-1983

• ANSI X3.50-1986

• HL7's extensions called ISO+

UOMo UCUM


JSR 354 Implementation

“Sisu” equivalent for 354 if you want

• ICU4J based implementation of types like

• CurrencyUnit

• MonetaryAmount

• CurrencyConverter

• ExchangeRate• …

• Bridge to Unit-API where possible for cross-quantity arithmetic (e.g. “$ per gram CO² per mile”)

UOMo Business


DEMO

UOMo Examples

“A coordinated observation infrastructure composed of a distributed collection of resources that can collectively behave as a single, autonomous, task-able, dynamically adaptive and reconfigurable observing system that provides raw and processed data, along with associated meta-data, via a set of standards-based service-oriented interfaces.” (Glenn, 2007)


Sensor Web | What is it?

OGC O&M Observations & Measurements Approved

SensorML Sensor Model Language Approved

TransducerML Transducer Model Language Approved

OGC SOS Sensor Observations Service Approved

OGC SPS Sensor Planning Service Approved

OGC SAS Sensor Alert Service In progress

OGC WNS Web Notification Services In progress

Sensor Web | OpenGIS Standards

• SW Enablement working group at OGC have developed a number of standards governing different aspects of Sensor Web


Sensor Web | LocationTech

•uDig is a desktopapplication framework, built with EclipseRich Client (RCP)

• Internet: supporting standards (WMS, WFS,WCS, KML) …

• GIS: framework for spatial data exploration and analysis

• Based on JSR-275

http://locationtech.org/projects/technology.udighttp://locationtech.org/projects/technology.udig

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Sensor Web | Mozambique floods

•The task under study is floods in different parts of the world

•Particular test case was flooding of Mozambique


SensorML

• Sensor modeling language is the cornerstone of all SW services

• It provides comprehensive description of sensor parameters and capabilities

• It can be used for describing different kind of sensors:– Stationary or dynamic– Remote or in-situ– Physical measurements or simulations


SensorML | Example..............<inputs> <InputList> <input name="ambiantTemperature"> <swe:Quantity definition= "urn:ogc:def:phenomenon:temperature"/> </input> <input name="atmosphericPressure"> <swe:Quantity definition= "urn:ogc:def:phenomenon:pressure"/> </input> <input name="windSpeed"> <swe:Quantity definition= "urn:ogc:def:phenomenon:windSpeed"/> </input></InputList></inputs>..............

.............<outputs> <OutputList> <output name="weatherMeasurements"> <swe:DataGroup> <swe:component name="time"> <swe:Time definition="urn:ogc:def:phenomenon:time“ uom="urn:ogc:def:unit:iso8601"/> </swe:component> <swe:component name="temperature"> <swe:Quantitydefinition="urn:ogc:def:phenomenon:temperature uom="urn:ogc:def:unit:celsius"/> </swe:component> <swe:component name="barometricPressure"> <swe:Quantity definition="urn:ogc:def:phenomenon:pressure“ uom="urn:ogc:def:unit:bar" scale="1e-3"/> </swe:component> <swe:component name="windSpeed"> <swe:Quantity definition="urn:ogc:def:phenomenon:windSpeed“ uom="urn:ogc:def:unit:meterPerSecond"/> </swe:component> </swe:DataGroup> </output> </OutputList></outputs>.............


Transportation & Logistics Logistics

Medical &

Healthcare

Industrial &

EnergyCommunication

Infrastructure

Security & Surveillance

Internetof Things

M2M | Integrated Processes

35 © 2007-2013 Creative Arts & Technologies Eclipse Foundation, Inc. Made available under the Eclipse Public License 1.0,

Public/Private Cloud Deployment Infrastructures

• Barrier-type bolt seal• RFID: ID-number + integrity• Bar code• Battery 1 year transmitting• 50 cycles• Range up to 50 meters• 915 MHz + 2.4 GHz• Data transmission rate 500 kbps• Storage 64 bytes

M2M | Smart ContainerRFID e-Seal Example

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A Publish Subscribe messaging protocol allowing a message to be published once and multiple consumers (applications / devices) to receive the message providing decoupling between the producer and consumer(s)

A producer sends (publishes) a message (publication) on a topic (subject)A consumer subscribes (makes a subscription) for messages on a topic (subject)

A message server / broker matches publications to subscriptions • If no matches the message is discarded• If one or more matches the message is delivered to each matching subscriber/consumer

M2M | MQTT

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Publish Subscribe Messaging

•2 new JSRs for Mobile and Embedded•JSR-360: CLDC 8

• CLDC 8 is an evolutionary update to CLDC 1.1.1 to bring the VM, Java Language, and libraries up to date with Java SE 8.

• More: http://java.net/projects/jsr360/pages/Home

•JSR-361: Java ME Embedded Profile• Update IMP(-NG) to align with state-of-the-art features and current

embedded device market requirements.• More: http://java.net/projects/jsr361/pages/Home

Embedded Standards | JSR-360, 361


http://java.net/projects/jsr360/pages/Home

http://java.net/projects/jsr361/pages/Home

•Xively• Language bindings for Java/Android, Python or Ruby contain support for Units of

Measurement Website: http://www.xively.com

•OpenXC• Feels quite a bit like a modernized OSGi Measurement bundle. Offering only SI

units by default, but a more sophisticated Unit and Quantity concept somewhat similar and clearly inspired by Unit-API / JSR-275

• Website: http://openxcplatform.com/• ► Without proper security, Connected Car hacks like that on

Tesla pose a great risk to this and all other critical sectors (Health, Avionics,...)

•CSS 3• Mostly UI/rendering, but promises almost UCUM-like arithmetic and quantity-

checking See: http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-values/

Other Trends for Sensors | Measurement


http://www.xively.com/

http://www.xively.com/

http://openxcplatform.com/

http://openxcplatform.com/

http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-values/

http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-values/

Eclipse – Project UOMo

http://www.eclipse.org/uomo/

Units of Measurement API

http://www.unitsofmeasurement.org

UCUM

http://www.unitsofmeasure.org

Links

http://www.eclipse.org/uomo/

http://www.unitsofmeasurement.org/

http://www.unitsofmeasure.org/

Eclipse – M2M IWG

http://m2m.eclipse.org

Open Geospatial Consortium

http://www.opengeospatial.org

Java Community Process

http://www.jcp.org

Links (2)

http://m2m.eclipse.org/


http://www.opengeospatial.org/


http://www.opengeospatial.org/

Contact

[email protected]

or

[email protected]

Twitter: @wernerkeil

Hashtag #EclipseUOMo



m4m 2 the rescue of m2m - eclipse democamps fall 2013

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