Chapter 13 Medical Chapter 13 Medical Terminology - Terminology - AbbreviationsAbbreviations

Special Senses: The Eye and EarSpecial Senses: The Eye and Ear

Pressure Equalizing TubePressure Equalizing TubePE TubePE Tube

Small Tube Surgically Placed in Eardrum to Small Tube Surgically Placed in Eardrum to Assist Drainage of Trapped FluidAssist Drainage of Trapped Fluid

Equalizes Pressure Between Middle Ear Cavity Equalizes Pressure Between Middle Ear Cavity and Atmosphereand Atmosphere

Eye, Ear, Nose, ThroatEye, Ear, Nose, ThroatEENTEENT

Bone ConductionBone ConductionBCBC

Conduction of Sound to Inner Conduction of Sound to Inner Ear Thru Bones of the SkullEar Thru Bones of the Skull

Some Hearing Aids Employ Some Hearing Aids Employ Bone Conduction - Achieving Bone Conduction - Achieving an Effect Equivalent to Hearing an Effect Equivalent to Hearing Directly by Means of the EarsDirectly by Means of the Ears

Headset Is Ergonomically Headset Is Ergonomically Positioned on the Temple and Positioned on the Temple and cCheek and the cCheek and the Electromechanical Electromechanical Transducer, which Converts Transducer, which Converts Electric Signals into Electric Signals into Mechanical Vibrations, Sends Mechanical Vibrations, Sends Sound to the Iinternal Ear Sound to the Iinternal Ear through the Cranial Bones. through the Cranial Bones.

Both EarsBoth EarsAUAU

Binaural Hearing Allows You To Make Fine Binaural Hearing Allows You To Make Fine Judgments About Sound and To Listen Judgments About Sound and To Listen Selectively To One of Several SoundsSelectively To One of Several Sounds

Otitis MediaOtitis MediaOMOM

Inflation of the Middle EarInflation of the Middle Ear Often Begins with Infections Often Begins with Infections

that Cause Sore Throats, that Cause Sore Throats, Colds or Other Respiratory Colds or Other Respiratory Problems, and Spreads to the Problems, and Spreads to the Middle EarMiddle Ear

Most Common Diagnosis in Most Common Diagnosis in Sick Children in The United Sick Children in The United States - Estimated 75% of States - Estimated 75% of Children Experience At Least Children Experience At Least One Episode Before the Age One Episode Before the Age of 3of 3

EmmetropiaEmmetropiaEMEM

State of Normal VisionState of Normal Vision

The Eye Is Like a Camera That Has Two Lenses: One Is the Crystalline The Eye Is Like a Camera That Has Two Lenses: One Is the Crystalline Lens Inside the Eye. The Other Is the Cornea, which is Positioned in the Lens Inside the Eye. The Other Is the Cornea, which is Positioned in the Eye Like a Watch Crystal But Actually Provides 2/3 of the Eye's Focusing Eye Like a Watch Crystal But Actually Provides 2/3 of the Eye's Focusing Power. When Light Rays Enter the Eye are Perfectly Focused on the Power. When Light Rays Enter the Eye are Perfectly Focused on the Retina, the Eye Is Neither Nearsighted nor Farsighted - It is in Retina, the Eye Is Neither Nearsighted nor Farsighted - It is in “Emmetropia”“Emmetropia”

ExotropiaExotropiaXTXT

Outward Turning of the Eye - Also Called Wall-EyedOutward Turning of the Eye - Also Called Wall-Eyed An Example of Strabismus (Muscle Weakness of the Eye)An Example of Strabismus (Muscle Weakness of the Eye) Causes Are Not Fully UnderstoodCauses Are Not Fully Understood More Common with Children with Disorders that Affect the More Common with Children with Disorders that Affect the

BrainBrain

Left EyeLeft EyeOSOS

Abbreviations for Right Eye (OD) and Left Abbreviations for Right Eye (OD) and Left Eye (OS) Easier to Remember When Eye (OS) Easier to Remember When Origins Become KnownOrigins Become Known

OD: Stands for OD: Stands for oculusoculus (eye) (eye) dexter dexter (right)(right) OS: Stands for OS: Stands for oculusoculus (eye) (eye) sinistersinister (left) (left) One Time in History, It Was Considered to One Time in History, It Was Considered to

be Sinister if One Looked at Another From be Sinister if One Looked at Another From Only the Left Side --- Hence Only the Left Side --- Hence oculus oculus sinistersinister means Left Eye means Left Eye

ExtraOcular MovementExtraOcular MovementEOMEOM

Eye Movements Made Possible by Eye Muscles That Eye Movements Made Possible by Eye Muscles That Connect the Actual Eyeball to the SkullConnect the Actual Eyeball to the Skull

Six Muscles (Four Rectus and Two Obliques) Allow for Six Muscles (Four Rectus and Two Obliques) Allow for Change in the Direction of Each Eye’s SightlineChange in the Direction of Each Eye’s Sightline

Also Provide Support for the Eyeball in the Eye SocketAlso Provide Support for the Eyeball in the Eye Socket

A Given ExtraOcular Muscle Moves A Given ExtraOcular Muscle Moves the Pupil, at the Front of the Eye In a the Pupil, at the Front of the Eye In a

Specific Direction of DirectionsSpecific Direction of Directions Medial Rectus (MR) - Moves Eye Inward, Medial Rectus (MR) - Moves Eye Inward,

Toward the NoseToward the Nose Lateral Rectus (LR) - Moves the Eye Outward, Lateral Rectus (LR) - Moves the Eye Outward,

Away from the NoseAway from the Nose Superior Rectus (SR) - Responsible for Three Superior Rectus (SR) - Responsible for Three

MovementsMovements Primarily Moves Eye UpwardPrimarily Moves Eye Upward Secondarily Rotates Top of the Eye Toward the NoseSecondarily Rotates Top of the Eye Toward the Nose Thirdly Moves Eye UpwardThirdly Moves Eye Upward

ExtraOcular Muscle MovementsExtraOcular Muscle Movements

Inferior Rectus (IR) Inferior Rectus (IR) Primarily Moves Eye DownwardPrimarily Moves Eye Downward Secondarily Rotates Top of Eye Away from the NoseSecondarily Rotates Top of Eye Away from the Nose Thirdly Moves Eye InwardThirdly Moves Eye Inward

Superior Oblique (SO)Superior Oblique (SO) Primarily Rotates Top of Eye Toward the NosePrimarily Rotates Top of Eye Toward the Nose Secondarily Moves Eye DownwardSecondarily Moves Eye Downward Thirdly Moves Eye OutwardThirdly Moves Eye Outward

Inferior Oblique (IO)Inferior Oblique (IO) Primarily Rotates Top of Eye Away from the NosePrimarily Rotates Top of Eye Away from the Nose Secondarily Moves Eye UpwardSecondarily Moves Eye Upward Thirdly Moves the Eye OutwardThirdly Moves the Eye Outward

Visual Acuity (VA) TestVisual Acuity (VA) Test

Diagnostic ProcedureDiagnostic Procedure Measures Sharpness Measures Sharpness

of Visionof Vision Usually Uses a Usually Uses a

Snellen Chart In Snellen Chart In Which Letters from a Which Letters from a Distance of 20 Feet Distance of 20 Feet Are IdentifiedAre Identified

References and Images References and Images Gathered FromGathered From

Nim.nih.govNim.nih.gov Laserlububbock.comLaserlububbock.com Wellsphere.comWellsphere.com Wikipedia.orgWikipedia.org