m. ryan academic decathlon 2005-06 architecture. the art and science of designing and constructing...
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Architecture
One of the early architectural developments was the use of the “post-and-lintel” method
A beam is placed horizontally across upright posts.
Architecture
Ancient Greek “Orders” (styles): composed of a shaft, capital, and base. (click me)
http://www.bozzle.com/perClassicOrders.html
ArchitectureEntablature: the top of an order; includes the architrave, frieze, and cornice.
http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/architecture/entablature.html
Architecture
Other key developments include the arch,
http://www.arlington.k12.va.us/schools/drew/a&a/theromans.htm
Architecture
the vault,
http://www.arlington.k12.va.us/schools/drew/a&a/theromans.htm
Architecture
and the dome (my personal favorite).
http://www.arlington.k12.va.us/schools/drew/a&a/theromans.htm
Architecture
The arch was a purely Roman invention. An arch is often made up of small stones called voussoir and a large central stone called a keystone.
Architecture
The arch, vault, and dome are variations of the same concept that allowed for greater height and more space inside a building.
Architecture
The Romans were great engineers. They developed concrete as a building material, which was used in building aqueducts, baths, and other public works projects.
Architecture
http://www.m-w.com/mw/art/flyingbu.htm
Flying Buttress: external arch that counter-balanced the outward thrust of the high, vaulted ceilings.
ArchitectureDuring the Industrial Revolution, many new materials were developed: glass-- Crystal Palace (1851)
http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1158.htm
Modern Architecture
Antonio Gaudi: Spanish architect– no flat surface or straight lines (organic)
http://www.lexised.com/architecture/gaudi/casam.html
Modern ArchitectureThe 1st skyscraper was made in St. Louis, MO by Louis Sullivan who coined the expression “form follows function”.
Modern ArchitectureFrank Lloyd Wright: American architect; carefully considered the environment where the building was to be constructed.
“Falling Water”More Wright