m. pharm. i year

2020-21 M. Pharm. I & II Year Syllabus (Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry)

1 Department of Pharmacy, Shri G.S. Institute of Technology & Science, Indore

M. PHARM. I YEAR MEDICINAL & PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER – I


I M.PHARM. SCHEME

(MEDICINAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY)

SEMESTER I

S. No. Sub.

Code

Subject

L

T

P Th.

Credit

Pr.

Credit

Maximum Marks

TH CW SW Pr. Total

1. PY 90001 DRA and Intellectual Property Rights 4 - - 4 - 70 30 - - 100

2. PY 99006 Modern Analytical Techniques 4 - - 4 - 70 30 - - 100

3. PY 99007 Product Development and Quality

Assurance 4 - - 4 - 70 30 - - 100

4. PY 99008 Biotechnology & Bio-Informatics 4 - - 4 - 70 30 - - 100

5. PY 99451 Modern Analytical Techniques Lab. - - 4 - 2 - - 40 60 100

6. PY 99452 Product Development and quality Assurance Lab.

- - 4 - 2 - - 40 60 100

7. PY 99453 Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Lab - - 4 - 2 - - 40 60 100

8. PY 99500 Comprehensive Viva - - - - - - - - Grade Grade

Total 16 0 12 16 06 280 120 120 180 700

M. Pharm. I & II Year Syllabus (Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry) 2020-21



PY 90001: DRA AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

L T P Th.

Credit

Pr.

Credit

Maximum Marks

TH CW SW Pr. Total

4 - - 4 - 70 30 - - 100

Course objectives:

• To provide basic understanding of regulatory affairs applicable to pharmaceutical industry.

• To understand the requirements of good manufacturing practices in pharmaceutical

industry.

• To provide knowledge of ICH guidelines and their applications.

• To understand patent processing for pharmaceutical products and processes.

Course outcomes:

On the completion of the course the student should be able to:

• Develop knowledge about regulatory affairs and intellectual property rights.

• Understand regulatory requirements of national and international markets.

• Understand product registration process for national and international markets.

• Understand regulatory requirements of stability and impurity profiling.

• Understand the documentation required for SUPAC changes in product.

• Draft and process a patent.

THEORY DURATION (LECTURES)

UNIT I 8

International regulation:

(a) USFDA CGMP (21CFR part 211)

(b) Overview of GMP aspect of WHO guidelines, EMEA, MHRA, MCC, TGA, ENVISA

guidelines.

(c) Documentation: manufacturing records, SOP, Site master file, specifications, COA, MSDS, MOA, annual product review, validation protocols, stability protocol and forms.

UNIT II 8

Drug approvals:

New drugs, Regulatory requirements of investigational new drug application. (USFDA 21 CFR

part 310, 312).

UNIT III 8

Drug approvals:

(a) Regulatory requirements to market a new drug for US, new drug application, Abbreviated application. (USFDA 21 CFR part 314).

(b) Scale up and post approval changes guidelines.



UNIT IV 8

ICH- Guidelines:

(a) Stability (Q1), Impurities (Q3).

(b) Common technical document (CTD): procedure and process for registration of product.

UNIT V 8

Patent and intellectual property rights: (a) Introduction to TRIPS, GATT, WTO.

(b) Definition, Need for patenting, Types of Patents, Conditions to be satisfied by an invention to be

patentable, Introduction to patent search. Parts of patents. Filling of patents. The essential elements of

patent; Guidelines for preparation of laboratory note book, Non-obviousness in Patent, Patent drafting.

(c) PCT Application, Patentability criteria in US and Europe.

(d) Hatch Waxman Act, compulsory licensing.

(e) Infringement proceedings; types of infringement; Case studies for doctrine of equivalents.

(f) Plagiarism and fair use doctrine

BOOKS & REFERENCES RECOMMENDED:

Text books

1. The Gazettes of India. The Drug and Cosmetics Act and Rules and its Latest

amendments.

2. Code of Federal Regulations, 21 CFR Part 211, 310, 312, 314.

3. The Gazettes of India. The Patent Act 1970 and its Latest amendments (patent manual)

4. WHO GMP guidelines

Reference books

1. Willing, Tuckerman and Hitchings, Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceuticals

2. Common Technical documents (ICH guidelines).

Internet references

1. www.fda.gov

2. www.ich.org

3. www.picscheme.org

4. www.mhra.gov.uk

5. www.emea.europa.eu

6. www.tga.gov.au

7. www.mccza.com

8. www.who.int

9. www.ep.espace.net

10. www.patentoffice.ni

c.in

11. www.uspto.gov

12. www.anvisa.gov.

13. www.ipindia.nic.in

14. www.patentlyo.com

http://www.fda.gov/

http://www.ich.org/

http://www.picscheme.org/

http://www.mhra.gov.uk/

http://www.emea.europa.eu/

http://www.tga.gov.au/

http://www.mccza.com/

http://www.who.int/

http://www.ep.espace.net/

http://www.patentoffice.nic.in/

http://www.patentoffice.nic.in/

http://www.uspto.gov/

http://www.anvisa.gov/

http://www.ipindia.nic.in/

http://www.patentlyo.com/



PY: 99006 MODERN ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES

L T P Th.

Credit

Pr.

Credit

Maximum Marks

TH CW SW Pr. Total

4 - 4 4 2 70 30 40 60 200

Course objectives:

• To develop the basic knowledge of spectra generation and factors affecting the spectra.

• To correlate structure of drug with its spectra.

• To use spectral properties for quantitative analysis of drug substance and drug products.

• To understand the thermal behaviour of materials.

• To develop skills for use of thermal analytical techniques for qualitative analysis of API

and excipients.

• To provide the fundamental of separation in chromatographic techniques.

• To understand the use of chromatography and hyphenated techniques for impurity profiling and potency analysis.

Course outcomes:

After completion of course, student should be able to:

• Perform characterization of various intermediates, impurities, excipients, bulk drugs and

their formulations using FTIR, NMR, X-Ray analysis, Mass spectroscopy, Thermal

techniques.

• Perform qualitative and quantitative analysis of impurities, excipients, drug substances

and drug products using chromatographic techniques.

• Develop methods for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of drug substances and drug

products.

• Perform validation of analytical methods for assay and impurity profiling of drug

substance and drug products.


UNIT I 8

a) Ultra Violet (UV )and Visible Spectroscopy:

Energy levels and selection rules: Definitions, molecular orbital approach for energy,

absorption, various modes of transitions.

Correlation of structural variation with UV absorption: Factors influencing the position and

intensity of absorptions, Inductive and resonance effects, effect of ring size, influence of

stereochemical factors. Predicting UV absorption: Woodward- Fieser, Fieser-Kuhn and Nelson rules Other factors:

Non-conjugative effect, solvent effect, S-Cis band

b) Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy:

Characteristic regions of the spectrum: Various modes of vibrations, Energy levels.

Correlation of structure with IR spectra: Influence of substituents, ring size, hydrogen

bonding, vibrational coupling and field effect on frequency. Applications: Determination of

stereochemistry. Spectral interpretation with examples.



FT-NIR: Principle (overtones, combinations, fermi resonance, interferences etc.),

instrumentation (dispersion spectrometer and FT-NIR), advantage and disadvantage,

qualitative and quantitative applications, including PAT and non-destructive analysis.

ATR: Principle (total internal reflection, evanescent wave, etc.), instrumentation (ATR crystal, IR beam), advantages and disadvantages, pharmaceutical applications.

FT-Raman: Principle (absorption, diffraction, scattering and emission of wave, molecular

interaction), instrumentation (Dispersive Raman, FT-Raman), advantage and disadvantage,

pharmaceutical applications including detection of counterfeits.

UNIT II 8

a) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy:

Fundamentals: Physical basis, magnetic nuclei, resonance, relaxation processes, signal-

sensitivity. Instrumentation: Continuous-Wave (CW) instrument, Pulsed Fourier Transform

(FT) instrument, Functions, Relation with sensitivity, Sampling.

1H NMR: correlation of structure with spectra: Chemical environment and shielding,

chemical shift, reference compound, local diamagnetic shielding and magnetic anisotropy,

chemical and magnetic non-equivalence, spin-spin splitting, Pascal's triangle, coupling

constant, mechanism of coupling, integral, NMR solvents and their residual peaks, protons

on heteroatoms, quadrupole broadening and decoupling, effect of conformations and

stereochemistry on the spectrum, Karplus relationship, diastereomeric protons,

Heteronuclear coupling to 19F and 31P, virtual coupling, long range coupling-epi, peri, bay

effects. Shift reagents-mechanism of action, spin decoupling and double resonance.

Explanation of spectra of some compounds and drugs.

13C NMR: correlation of structure with spectra: Chemical environment, shielding and

carbon-13 chemical shift, calculation, proton-coupled 13C Spetra, Proton-decoupled C

spectra, Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE), Problem with integration, Distortionless

Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEFT), Heteronuclear coupling for carbon to

deuterium, carbon to 19F, carbon to 31P. Explanation of spectra of some compounds and

drugs.

b) Atomic spectroscopy:

Atomic absorption spectroscopy:

Basic principle, instrumentation – atomizers, radiation source, background absorption and

background source, applications of atomic absorption spectroscopy. Inductive coupled

plasma spectroscopy.

Atomic emission spectroscopy: Basic principle, applications of atomic emission

spectroscopy. Inductive coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy.

UNIT III 8

a) Fluoroscence spectroscopy:

Theory, Jabolanski’s diagram, singlet, doublet and triplet electronic states, Internal and

external conversions, factors affecting fluorescence, quenching, instrumentation and

application b) X-ray analysis:

X-ray absorption spectroscopy – Theory, Instrumentation, Application.

X-ray diffraction analysis - Theory, Instrumentation, Application.



c) Electrophoresis: Principe, Instrumentation, working conditions, factors affecting separation and

applications of paper electrophoresis, Gel electrophoresis, Capillary electrophoresis, Zone

electrophoresis, moving boundry electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing.

UNIT-IV 8

a) Mass Spectroscopy (MS)

Molecular ion and metastable peak, fragmentation patterns, nitrogen and ring rules,

McLafferty rearrangement, electron and chemical ionization modes, applications. b) Thermal Techniques

DSC: Principle, thermal transitions, instrumentation (Heat flux and power-compensation

designs), Modulated DSC, Hyper DSC, experimental parameters (sample preparation,

experimental conditions, calibration, heating and cooling rates resolution source of errors)

and their influence, advantages and disadvantages, pharmaceutical applications

DTA: Principle, instrumentation, advantage and disadvantage, pharmaceutical application,

derivative differential thermal analysis (DDTA).

TGA: Principle, instrumentation, factors affecting results, advantages and disadvantages,

pharmaceutical application.

UNIT-V 8

a) Chromatographic Techniques:

General principles, classification of chromatographic techniques, normal and reverse phase,

bonded phase chromatography, stationary phases, activity of stationary phases, elutropic

series, and separation mechanisms. Overview and applications of following techniques: I. Column Chromatography and Short Column Chromatography

II. Flash chromatography and Vacuum Liquid Chromatography.

III. High Performance Liquid Chromatography

IV. Planar Chromatography: TLC/HPTLC/OPLC

V. Gas Chromatography

VI. Biochromatography

VII. Hyphenated techniques

b) Analytical method development and validation:

Area normalization method, internal standard method, external standard method, standard

addition method. ICH guidelines for analytical method development and method validation.

Validated spreadsheets.

PRACTICALS: Minimum 15 experiments based on the following:

1. UV-Visible Spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, HPLC & Electrophoresis.

2. Interpretation of UV, IR NMR and Mass Spectra of some chemical compounds and drugs.

3. Estimation of drugs in Pharmaceutical products and biological fluids.

4. Calibration of analytical instruments and Validation of analytical methods.

BOOKS AND REFERENCES RECOMMENDED

Text books:

1. Kemp W., “Organic Spectroscopy”. 3rd edition, 1991, Palgrave Macmillan.

2. Pavia D.L., Lampman G. M., Kriz G. S., Vyvyan J. A., “Introduction to spectroscopy” 5th

edition, 2015, Cengage learning, USA.



3. Chan C. C., Lee Y. C., Lam H., Zhang X. M., “Analytical method validation and instrument

performance verification” 1st edition, 2004, Wiley Interscience.

References books:

1. Skoog D. A., Holler F. J., Crouch S. R., “Principles of Instrumental Analysis” 6th edition, 2007, Thomas Brooks/Cole.

2. Silverstein R. M., Webster F. X., Kiemle D., Bryce D. L., “Spectrometric Identification of

Organic Compound” 8th edition, 2014, Wiley..

3. Schirmer R. E., “ Modern methods of Pharmaceutical Analysis” 2nd edition, 1991, CRC

Press.

4. Ewing G. W., “Instrumental Method of Chemical Analysis” 5th edition, 1985, McGraw Hill Higher Education.

5. Snyder L. R., Kirkland J., Glajch J. L., “Practical HPLC Method Development” 2nd edition,

1997, John Wiley and sons.

6. Willard, H.H.; Merritt, L.L. Jr.; Dean, J.A.; Settle, F.A. Jr., Instrumental methods of analysis, 7th

edition, CBS Publisher and distributers.

7. Stanley Crouch, Douglas Skoog, F. Holler, Donald West, “Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, “

Cengage learning.

8. D. C. Garratt, “THE QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DRUGS”, Science paperback.

9. Von G. W. Ewing, “Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis”, McGraw‐Hill Book Co., Inc., New

York‐Toronto‐London.

Online resources:

1. ICH guideline Q2(r1)

http://www.ich.org/fileadmin/Public_Web_Site/ICH_Products/Guidelines/Quality/Q2_R1/St

ep4/Q2_R1 Guideline.pdf

2. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/guidancecomplianceregulatoryinformation/guidances/

ucm073384.pdf



http://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/guidancecomplianceregulatoryinformation/guidances/



PY99007: PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND QUALITY ASSURANCE

L T P Th.

Credit

Pr.

Credit

Maximum Marks

TH CW SW Pr. Total

4 - 4 4 2 70 30 40 60 200

Course objectives:

• To provide basic theoretical knowledge and practical skills to apply preformulation studies in product development.

• To impart knowledge of formulation development and technological advancements in

solid, semi-solid, liquid, sterile, and sustained & controlled release dosage forms.

• To provide thorough acquaintance of various concepts of quality assurance, sampling

plans, and process validation.

Course outcomes:

On completion of this subject, students are expected to be able to:

• Perform the preformulation studies for dosage form development.

• Do product development of solid, semi-solid, liquid, sterile, sustained and controlled

release dosage forms.

• Understand the quality assurance, self inspection and quality audit and in-process quality

control.

• Prepare sampling plans, standard operating procedures and product development reports.

• Perform validation of analytical processes, manufacturing processes, and equipments.


UNIT I 8

a) Preformulation studies: Study of physical, chemical and pharmaceutical factors influencing

formulation of drugs. Drug stability and stability study programs for formulations.

b) Formulation considerations; additives used (diluents, binders, disintegrants, lubricants etc.);

technological advancements and evaluation of solid dosage forms: Tablets, Tablet coatings,

Capsules.

UNIT II 8

Formulation considerations; additives used (vehicles, antioxidants, preservatives, organoleptic

agents, suspending & emulsifying agents, solubilisers and hydrotropic agents); technological

advancements and evaluation of: (a) Liquid dosage forms: Solutions, Suspensions, Emulsions.

(b) Sterile dosage forms: Injections and Ophthalmics.

UNIT III 8

Formulation considerations; additives used; technological advancements and evaluation of:

(a) Semisolid dosage forms: Ointments, Creams, Suppositories.

(b) Sustained and controlled release dosage forms.



UNIT IV 8

Basic concept of quality assurance system; self inspection and quality audit; in-process quality

control (IPQC) problems in pharmaceutical industry and in-process quality control tests.

Sampling plans. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and Product development reports.

UNIT V 8

Concept of validation. Process validation in manufacturing dosage formulations. Applications of

process validation. Validation of manufacturing and analytical equipments. Validation of

pharmaceutical water system.


• Development and evaluation of tablets, capsules, oral liquids, semisolids and sterile products.

• Effects of formulation factors on properties of solid, semi-solid and liquid dosage forms.

• Designing of sustained/ controlled release dosage forms.

• Stability studies of pharmaceutical formulations.

• Validation of analytical methods and equipments.

• SOP writing, validation protocol writing, and writing of product development reports.


Text Books

1. Aulton and Taylor, Aulton's Pharmaceutics: The Design and Manufacture of Medicines,

Fourth Edition, 2013, Elsevier.

2. Lachman, Lieberman and Kanig, The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, 4th

Edition, 2013, CBS Publishers.

3. Patrick J. Sinko, Martin’s Physical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sixth Edition,

2010, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

4. Loftus and Nash, Pharmaceutical Process Validation, Third Edition, 2011, Informa

Publishers.

Reference books

1. Banker and Rhodes, Modern Pharmaceutics, Fifth Edition, 2009, CRC Press.

2. OPPI, Quality Assurance Guide – New Edition, Volume I & II, 2001, Organisation of

Pharmaceutical Producers of India. 3. Indian Pharmacopoeia, Seventh Edition, 2014, Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission.

4. United States Pharmacopeia 38 National Formulary 33, 2014, United States Pharmacopoeial Convention.

Internet references

1. www.who.int.

2. www.fda.gov.

http://www.amazon.in/s/ref%3Ddp_byline_sr_book_1?ie=UTF8&field-author=Patrick%2BJ.%2BSinko&search-alias=stripbooks

http://www.who.int/

http://www.fda.gov/



PY 99008: BIOTECHNOLOGY & BIOINFORMATICS

L T P Th.

Credit

Pr.

Credit

Maximum Marks

TH CW SW Pr. Total

4 - 4 4 2 70 30 40 60 200

Course objectives:

• To provide basic understanding of immunology, vaccines, hybridoma technology &

monoclonal antibody production.

• To provide basic knowledge of enzyme & enzyme kinetics, structure and function of the

DNA & RNA and their role in encoding genetic material, functional role of DNA,

concept of recombinant DNA technology, gene cloning, current and future developments

in genetic engineering, applications of molecular biology, properties of cells (prokaryotic

and eukaryotic cells), • To understand the principles of bioinformatics and its importance in pharmacy.

• To provide theoretical knowledge and practice of biostatistics.

Course outcomes:


• Understand immune system, immunity and immune responses.

• Explain antigen-antibody reactions.

• Describe vaccine technologies.

• Explain transmission of a genetic material at cellular levels

• Apply key concept of enzymes & enzyme kinetics.

• Apply techniques for enzyme immobilization.

• Isolate RNA, DNA and proteins using different techniques.

• Apply biostatistics in biological data analysis and interpretation.


UNIT I 8

a) Immunology: Principles of immunology, Antigens, Antibodies, immune system, antigen-

antibody reactions and their applications, the immune responses. Hybridoma technology:

Production and application of monoclonal antibodies.

b) Vaccines: Conventional vaccines, Modern vaccine technologies, genetically improved live

vaccines, genetically improved subunit vaccines, Pharmaceutical considerations.

UNIT II 8

a) Introduction to Genetics: Structure and Properties of DNA and RNA, Mutation, Transmission

of genetic material, Applications of genetic engineering in Pharmaceutical field, its present

status and future prospects.

b) Recombinant DNA Technology: Constructing Recombinant DNA molecules, Restriction

Enzymes, Vectors, Gene Cloning, Genomics libraries, Polymerase Chain reaction–based

DNA cloning, Restriction mapping, blotting techniques, DNA sequencing, Pharmaceutical

applications of recombinant DNA.



UNIT III 8

a) Fundamentals of cell biology: Cell organization and plasma membrane, Cellular reproduction,

Cell signaling.

b) Gene Therapy: General introduction, Genomic protein targets, Gene transfer methods, Clinical

studies, Pharmaceutical production, gene expression and regulations, Importance of

CRISPR/Cas9 technology in gene editing.

UNIT IV 8

a) Molecular biology of diseases, Structural biology and rational drug design.

b) Enzymes: Classification and nomenclature, factor affecting enzyme action, Kinetics of

enzyme inhibition, regulation of enzyme activity, allosteric enzymes, Isoenzymes, Enzyme

inhibitors used in treatment of some diseases (Cancer, Bacterial, Viral etc.).

c) Enzyme Immobilization: Techniques of immobilization of enzymes, Enzyme electrodes, Enzyme based sensors, Immobilization of bacteria and cells.

UNIT V 8

a) Introduction to Bioinformatics: Biological databases, Sequence analysis, Protein structure,

Genetic and physical mapping, Applications of bioinformatics in Pharmacy

b) Biostatistics: Introduction – Data, Frequency data. Graphical presentation of data, Descriptive

statistics, Probability and Probability distribution, Sampling, Inferential statistics – ANOVA,

correlation & Regression analysis.

PRACTICALS: Minimum 15 experiments based on following:

• Kinetics of enzyme action, enzyme inhibition and factors affecting the enzymatic reactions.

• Enzyme immobilization techniques.

• Applications of antigen-antibody reactions.

• Separation techniques for RNA, DNA, Peptide and proteins and techniques used for their analysis.

• Delivery techniques of RNA, DNA, Peptides and Proteins.


Text books 1. Zito S. W. (1997), Pharmaceutical biotechnology: a programmed text. 1st edition Technomic Pub. Co,

Lancaster.

2. Xiong J. (2006), Essential Bioinformatics. 1st edition Cambridge University Press, New York.

3. Desmond S. T. Nicholl (2008), An Introduction to genetic engineering. 3rd edition Cambridge University

Press, New York

4. Nelson D. L., Cox M. M.,(2000) Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 3rd edition, Worth Publication.

5. Tortora G. J., Funke B. R., Case C. L.,(2012) Study Guide to Microbiology: An Introduction. 10 th edition,

Pearson Education

Reference books 1. Benjamin L., (2000) Genes VIII. 7th edition, Oxford University Press,

2. Baxevanis A. D., and Quellette B. F. F., (2004) Bioinformatics: A Practical Guide to the Analysis of

Genes and Proteins.2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons.

3. Watson J. D., (1994) Molecular Biology of the Cell 3rd edition Garland Science.

4. Wayson J., Zoller M., Gilman M., and Witkowski J., (1992) Recombinant DNA, 2nd edition. Scientific

American books. 5. William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian (2019)

Concepts of Genetics, 12th Edition, Pearson



M. PHARM. I YEAR MEDICINAL & PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER – II


I M.PHARM. (MEDICINAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY) SCHEME

SEMESTER II

S. No.

Sub. Code

Subject

L

T

P Th.

Credit

Pr.

Credit

Maximum Marks

TH CW SW Pr. Total

1 PY 99505 Advanced Medicinal Chemistry 4 - - 4 - 70 30 - - 100

2 PY 99506 Advanced Organic Chemistry 4 - - 4 - 70 30 - - 100

3 PY 99507 Advanced Pharmaceutical Chemistry 4 - - 4 - 70 30 - - 100

4 PY 99508 Drug Design 4 - - 4 - 70 30 - - 100

5 PY 99851 Advanced Medicinal Chemistry Lab - - 4 - 2 - - 40 60 100

6 PY 99852 Advanced Organic Chemistry Lab - - 4 - 2 - - 40 60 100

7 PY 99853 Advanced Pharmaceutical Chemistry Lab - - 4 - 2 - - 40 60 100

8 PY 99854 Drug Design Lab. - - 4 - 2 - - 40 60 100

9 PY 99881 Research Methodology & Seminar - - 2 - 2 - - 100 - 100

10 PY 99900 Comprehensive Viva - - - - - - - - Grade Grade

Total 16 0 18 16 10 280 120 260 240 900

M. Pharm. I & II Year Syllabus (Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry) 2020-21



PY 99505: ADVANCE MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Sub. Code L T P Th. Cr. Pr. Cr.

Maximum Marks

TH CW SW Pr. Total

PY 99505 (T) 4 - - 4 - 70 30 - - 100

PY 99851 (P) - - 4 - 2 - - 40 60 100

Course objectives:

• To build understanding about the area of chemical drug delivery systems and use of

polymers in drug delivery systems.

• To understand different theories of drug actions at molecular level.

• To develop a realistic approach from structure activity relationship to quantitative

structure activity relationship of new drugs for the treatment of cancer, protozoal

infections, viral infections, inflammation, and hypertension.

• To define combinatorial and disconnection approach for synthesis of drugs.

Course outcomes:

• On completion of this course, the students are expected to be able to:

• Define basic strategy of prodrug designing.

• Develop prodrugs for topical, ocular, and brain delivery.

• Understand basic concept of polymers, polymer synthesis, properties of polymers for

pharmaceutical applications.

• Understand molecular approach of drug action,

• Develop quantitative approaches for improving drug profile.

• Define new strategies for compound library generation and synthesis.


UNIT I 8

(a) Chemical drug delivery system:

Prodrug concept, hard and soft prodrug, metabolism and role of enzymes in drug

latentiation, functional groups for prodrug formation, mutual prodrug. Basic strategy of

prodrug formation for Improved Aqueous solubility – Modifications employing hydrophilic

functional groups, Modifications employing amino acids, Modifications employing

hydrophobic functional groups, Modifications involving polymers and macromolecules,

chemical and enzymatic liability of the promoiety. Retrometabolic drug design – basic

concept, Prodrug for topical delivery – Physicochemical considerations and implications for

prodrug design, functional group considerations, solubility, molecular size and functional

group effect, effect of partitioning and enzymatic hydrolysis on the percutaneous transport

of lipophilic prodrugs. Prodrugs for Ocular targeting – Factors to consider in the design of

ocular prodrugs. Prodrugs for brain targeting. Factors to consider in the design of prodrugs

for brain targeting.

(b) Polymers for pharmaceutical use:

Basic concept of polymers- definition and descriptive terms, concept of biodegradablility,

biocompatibility, bioreabsorbablility. Principles of polymer synthesis – addition



polymerization, condensation polymerization, ring opening polymerization. Principles of

polymerization methods – Homogeneous polymerization, dispersion polymerization, bulk

polymerization, melt polymerization, Interpenetrating polymer network,Topology and

isomerism, polymer properties. Basic concept of hydrogels, chemical gel, physical gel,

hydrocollids, conjugate polymer, block polymer, liquid crystalline polymers, star polymer

and hyperbranched polymer. Application of polymers in pharmaceuticals. Study of

polylactic acid and poly-lactide-co-glycolide

(c) Dendrimers:

Basic concept of dendrimers, methods of synthesis- divergent, convergent, click chemistry,

molecular structure, properties, applications. Study of polyamidoamines, poly(propylene)

dendrimers.

UNIT-II 8

(a) Receptor theories, drug receptor interaction, drug target binding forces. Enzyme inhibitors: rational design of enzyme inhibitors.

(b) Antineoplastic agents:

Basic concept, malignant and non malignant tumors, cell cycle, tumor cell properties, targets

of antineoplastic agents, classification. Study of mechanism of action, structure activity

relationship, structure toxicity relationship and biological evaluation of cytotoxic agents,

antimetabolites, hormones, Miscelleneous agents. Receptor/enzyme structure including

some PDB files, quantitative structure activity/toxicity relationship, classical and new

synthetic routes of topoisomerase II inhibitors, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

(c) Anti viral and anit HIV agents:

Basic concept, classification of viruses, Infectious process of a virus, targets of antiviral

agents, classification, study of mechanism of action, structure activity relationship, structure

toxicity relationship and biological evaluation of DNA polymerase inhibitors, reverse

transcriptase inhibtitors, protease inhibitors, HIV entry inhibitors – Chemokine receptor

binders, Inhibitors of gp41 fusion activity, Integrase inhibitors. Receptor/enzyme structure

including some PDB files, quantitative structure activity/toxicity relationship, classical and

new synthetic routes of protease inhibitors, reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

UNIT III 8

(a) Immunosuppressants:

Basic concept, targets of immunosuppressants, classification, study of mechanism of action,

structure activity relationship, structure toxicity relationship and biological evaluation of

glucocorticoids, cytostatics, antibodies, drugs acting on immunophilins, miscellaneous drugs (b) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents:

Basic concept, Eicosanoid biosynthesis, targets of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents,

classification, Study of mechanism of action, structure activity relationship, structure

toxicity relationship and biological evaluation of antipyretic agents, analgesic agents, anti-

inflammatory agents. Receptor/enzyme structure including some PDB files, quantitative

structure activity/toxicity relationship, classical and new synthetic routes of COX-II

inhibitors.



UNIT IV 8

(a) Antiprotozoal agents: Basic concept, classification of protozoa.

(b) Antitrypanosomiasis agents: Introduction, Infectious process of Trypanosoma, Targets of

antitrypanosomiasis agents, classification. Study of mechanism of action, structure activity

relationship, structure toxicity relationship and biological evaluation of antitrypanosomiasis

agents.

(c) Antileishmaniasis agents: Introduction, Infectious process of Leishmania, Targets of

antileishmaniasis agents, classification. Study of mechanism of action, structure activity

relationship, structure toxicity relationship and biological evaluation of antileishmaniasis

agents.

(d) Anti malarial agents: Introduction, Infectious process of Plasmodium, Targets of

antimalarial agents, classification. Study of mechanism of action, structure activity

relationship, structure toxicity relationship and biological evaluation of Cinchona alkaloids,

4-Aminoquinolines, 8-Aminoquinolines, dihydofolate reductase inhibitors, tetrahydrofolate

synthase inhibitors. Receptor/enzyme structure including some PDB files, quantitative

structure activity/toxicity relationship, classical and new synthetic routes of dihydrofolate

reductase inhibitors.

UNIT-V 8

(a) Anti-hypertensive agents:

Basic concept, targets of anti- hypertensive agents, classification. tudy of mechanism of

action, structure activity relationship, structure toxicity relationship and biological

evaluation of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin antagonists,

Adrenergic system inhibitors, vasodilating agents. Receptor/enzyme structure including

some PDB files, quantitative structure activity/toxicity relationship, classical and new

synthetic routes of ACE Inhibitors, Angitensin antagonists.

Classification, mode of action, SAR, side effects, biological evaluation and recent advances

in research of the following categories of drugs i. Antiparkinsonian agents

ii. Antialzheimer drugs

iii. Antihyperlipidemic drugs

(b) Combinatorial chemistry - Overview of combinatorial library generation, method of

synthesis and applications, diversity oriented synthesis. Disconnection approach (synthon

approach) - Overview of basic principles, strategies and application.


• Synthesis of prodrug and their characterization

• Hydrolytic kinetics study of prodrug.

• Synthesis of poly-lactic acid using ring opening polymerization.

• Synthesis of polymer drug conjugates of drugs and their characterization.

• Synthesis of polyamidoamine dendrimers.

• Study of QSAR, CoMFA and CoMSIA models and docking studies.

• Synthesis of derivatives using classical and modern methods.



BOOKS AND REFERENCES RECOMMENDED:

Text books

1. Block J. H., Beale J. M., “Wilson and Gisvold’s Textbook of organic medicinal and

pharmaceutical chemistry”, 11th edition, 2004, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins-A Wolters

Kluwer Company.

2. Lemke T. L., Williams D. A., “Foye’s principles of medicinal chemistry”, 6th edition, 2008,

Lippincott Williams and Wilkins-A Wolters Kluwer Company.

Reference books

1. Wolff M. E., “Burger’s medicinal chemistry and drug discovery” 5th edition, 1995, Wiley-

Interscience, New York.

2. Abraham D.J, Rotella D.P., “Burger’s medicinal chemistry and drug discovery” 7th edition,

2010, Wiley-Interscience, New York.

3. Hansch C., “Comprehensive medicinal chemistry” Vol. I-VI, 1990, Pergamon Press.

4. Jung G., Combinatorial chemistry, synthesis, analysis, screening. 2008, Wiley-VCH,

5. Warren S., Wyatt P., Organic synthesis: the disconnection approach, 2nd edition, 2008,

Wiley-Interscience, New York.



PY 99506: ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Sub. Code L T P Th. Cr. Pr. Cr. Maximum Marks

TH CW SW Pr. Total

PY 99506 (T) 4 - - 4 - 70 30 - - 100

PY 99852 (P) - - 4 - 2 - - 40 60 100

Course objectives:

• To provide basic knowledge of stereochemistry, chiral and achiral molecules, structural

isomers (constitutional isomers), stereoisomers including enantiomers and diastereomers,

racemic mixture, and meso compounds.

• To provide basic understanding of reactions & mechanism for acylations, alkylation,

condensation, halogention, reduction and rearrangement reactions.

• To build understanding of methods of group protection & deprotection.

• To provide understanding and practice of microwave assisted synthesis & optimization.

Course outcomes:


• Draw structural isomers (constitutional isomers), stereoisomers including enantiomers and diastereomers, racemic mixture, and meso compounds.

• Understand the reactions mechanism of acylations, alkylation, condensation, halogention reduction and rearrangement reactions.

• Predict protection & deprotection of functional groups.

• Write reactions & mechanism of Heck, Negishi, Sonogashira and Suzuki coupling.

• Perform microwave assisted synthesis & optimization for various organic synthesis.


UNIT I 8

Stereoisomerism, condition for optical activity, optical isomerism, racemic modification,

resolution of racemic modification, synthesis of optically active compounds. The actual shape of

six membered rings its properties, reactivity and stability, conformations and reactivity in open

chain and cyclic systems.

UNIT II 8

Protective groups for –OH, -NH2, -COOH. Special protective groups for aldehydes/ ketones such

as oxazolidines [A.I. Meyer’s reagent] and 1,3-dithianes. Methods for the deprotection of above

groups.

Microwave assisted synthesis.

UNIT III 8

Acylations (schotten-baumann, weinreb amide formation, acylation using EDCI, HOBt, DCC).

Alkylations (finkelstein, the mono alkylation of betaketoester or malonate ester, alkylation of



amine with alkyl bromide) condensations (Knoevenagel condensation, mukaiyama aldol

condensation).

UNIT IV 8

Halogenations (chlorination of alcohol, acid chloride from acid, chlorination of aromatic ring

from hydroxyl group, bromination of alcohol, radical bromination of benzylic position).

Reduction by LiAlH4, NaBH4 and DIBAL, decarboxylations, coupling reactions: Heck, Negishi,

Sonogashira, Suzuki, hydrolysis of esters.

UNIT V 8

Rearrangements: Pinacol-pinacolone, arandt-eistert, benzil-benzilic acid, hoffmann, curtius,

lossen, schimdt, beckmann, bayer-villger, clasien rearrangements, birch reduction, mannich

reaction, wittig reaction, meerwin ponnderof verley reduction, oppenauer oxidation, ozonolysis,

hydrogenation of double, triple bonds and aromatic rings.

PRACTICALS: Minimum 15 experiments based on following:

• Synthesis of organic compounds based on the multi-step reactions.

• Purification of organic compounds using molecular sieves, molecular distillation, fractional

crystallization, column chromatography, crystallization techniques, preparative TLC, etc.

• Asymmetric synthesis.

• Resolution of racemic mixtures.

• Structure confirmation by spectroscopic methods.


Text books

1. Eliel E. L., Wilen S. H., Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, Second edition, Wiley- Interscience.

2. Morrison R. T., Boyd R. N., Bhattacharjee S. K., Organic Chemistry, 7th Edition, Pearson

India

3. Finar I. L., Organic Chemistry, Volume 1, 6th Edition, Pearson India.

4. Grahm Solomons T. W., Fryhle C. B., Organic Chemistry 10th edition, Wiley India.

5. Clayden J., Greeves N., Warren S. and Wothers, Organic Chemistry first edition, Oxford

Univ.

Reference books

1. Smith M. B., March J., March's Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and

Structure, 6th edition, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.

2. Sykes P., A guide book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, 6th edition, Pearson India

Internet references

1. http://www.sciencedirect.com

http://www.flipkart.com/author/saibal-kanti-bhattacharjee

http://www.sciencedirect.com/



PY99507: ADVANCED PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY


TH CW SW Pr. Total

PY 99507 (T) 4 - - 4 - 70 30 - - 100

PY 99853 (P) - - 4 - 2 - - 40 60 100

Course objectives:

• To develop knowledge about isolation, separation and purification techniques of Natural Products.

• To know the plant biosynthetic pathways.

• To learn chemistry and structure elucidation of natural products like Steroidal hormones,

Alkaloids, Glycosides, Vitamins, Antibiotics, Marine Products and Nutraceuticals.

Course outcomes:

After completion of course, student should be able to:

• Understand the Chemistry, Isolation and Separation Methods of Steroidal hormones,

Peptides, Vitamins, Alkaloids, Glycosides and Antibiotics.

• Understand extraction techniques like Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Solid Phase

Micro Extraction.

• Understand biosynthetic pathways like Shikimic acid, Acetate and Mevalonate.

• Understand importance of Marine Products and Nutraceuticals.


UNIT I 8

Techniques involved in extraction and isolation with Specific reference to herbal products:

(a) Supercritical fluid extraction: Sample preparation, selection criteria and properties of

supercritical fluid, critical parameters of SFE, instrumentation and application.

(b) Solid phase micro extraction: Introduction, instrumentation, application

(c) Flash Chromatography: Principle, instrumentation and application.

UNIT II 8

Basic Metabolic pathways for production and application of secondary metabolites

(a)Acetate pathway

(b)Shikimate pathway (c) Mevalonate pathway

(d) Principles and application of Tracer techniques.

UNIT III 8

Biosynthesis and Chemistry of following

(a)Adrenocorticoids

(b)Sex hormones

(c)Peptides and their derivatives viz. Thyroid hormones, Oxytocin, Insulin

(d)Vitamin-E



UNIT IV 8

Isolation and Phytochemical studies of some important constituents in

(a)Digitalis glycosides

(b)Senna Glycosides

(c)Cinchona alkaloids

(d)Rauwolfia alkaloids (e) Ergot alkaloids

(f) Opium Alkaloids

UNIT V 8

(a) Isolation from microorganism and chemistry of Antibiotic with special references to

Macrolides, Beta lactam and amino glycoside antibiotics (b) Marine products of therapeutic potential

(c) Nutraceuticals (d) Introduction, isolation and purification of flavanoids, General methods of structural determination of

flavanoids; Strutural elucidation of quercetin.


• Isolation and purification of natural products like Alkaloids, glycosides, peptides,

Antibiotics and vitamins.

• Structure elucidation and conformational analysis of natural products like Alkaloids,

glycosides, peptides, and vitamins.


Text books

1. Dewick P. M., Medicinal Natural Products: A Biosynthetic Approach, 32nd edition, 2009,

John Wiley & Sons Inc. 2. Finar I. L., Organic Chemistry,5th edition, 2002, Pearson India,

3. Evans W. C., Trease and Evans, Pharmacognosy, 2nd edition, 2001, Elsevier Science Health

Science Div.

4. Torsell K.B.G. Natural Products Chemistry, 2nd edition, 1997, Swedish P’ceutical Press.

Reference books

1. Liang X. T. , Fang W. S., Medicinal Chemistry of Bioactive Natural Products, 1st edition,

2011, Wiley India. 2. Melentyeva G., Antonova L., Pharmaceutical chemistry, 1988, MIR Publisher.

3. Fieser L. F., Fieser M., Steroids, 1960, Reinhold Publishing Corporation.

4. Wickery M.L., Wickery B. Secondary Plant Metabolism, 1981, The Macmillan Press Ltd.,

London. 5. Harborne J.B., Phytochemical Methods, 3rd edition, 2008, BSP Books Pvt Ltd.

6. Fattorusso E, Gerwick, W. H., Taglialatela S.O. Handbook of Marine Natural Products, 1st edition, 2012, Springer.

http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/search-handle-url/103-4022087-6824655?%5Fencoding=UTF8&search-type=ss&index=books&field-author=Xiao-Tian%20Liang

http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/author_form?author=Fieser%2C%2BL&fullauthor=Fieser%2C%20Louis%20F.&charset=UTF-8&db_key=GEN



PY 99508: DRUG DESIGN


TH CW SW Pr. Total

PY 99508 (T) 4 - - 4 - 70 30 - - 100

PY 99854 (P) - - 4 - 2 - - 40 60 100

Course objectives:

• To provide basic understanding about drug designing process.

• To impart fundamental knowledge of stereochemistry and drug action, drug and

xenobiotic transformation, computational tools and techniques.

• To understand the significance of steric, stereochemical, conformational and electronic

factors for drug design.

Course outcomes:


• Understand drug design concepts: QSAR, computer aided drug designing, drug target

selection, molecular modeling, computational techniques, stereochemistry, receptor

pharmacology.

• Perform homology modeling, docking, pharmacophore methods and techniques of

modern drug design.

• Understand the relationship between chemical structure and biological activity of drug.

• Design and develop new leads on a rational basis.


UNIT I 8

Physico-chemical properties and biological activity. Stereochemistry and drug action. A general

study of correlation of physicochemical and biological properties with drug activity. Isomerism

and Bioisosterism.

UNIT II 8

Drug & Xenobiotic biotransformation: Drug bio-transformational system, Cytochrome P-450

Classification and basic structure, Main Human CYP Families, Cytochrome P-450 Catalytic role,

Phase I System, Mechanism of Induction & Inhibition of Phase I Enzyme, Phase II & III process,

Factors affecting ADME and Insilico predication of ADME properties.

UNIT III 8

Receptor theory and Drug-receptor interactions: Macromolecular structures, dose response

relationship, drug receptor geometry, general features of receptor site, drug related binding

complexes, nature of drug receptor bonds. Drug design for unknown target, known target and

other targets.



UNIT IV 8

Computational Tools and Techniques: (i) Homology Model Building, (ii) Docking, (iii)

Pharmacophore models, (iv) QSAR Studies.

UNIT V 8

Virtual screening techniques and applications, combined target based ligand based design

approach and library design.

PRACTICALS: Minimum 15 experiments based on following

• Application of Maestro (GUI), Ligand Preparation, Protein Preparation, Docking, Pharmacophore, and Binding site Analysis, ADME predication, Regression Analysis etc.

• Calculation of values for different types of parameters using tables and softwares.

• QSAR studies.


Text books

1. Ariens E. J., Drug Design, Volume (1,2,3,4,5,6,7), Academic press, New York.

2. Foye W.O., Williams D. A., Foye W. O., Lemke T. L., Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, fifth edition, Lippincott - Williams & Wilkins.

3. Abraham D. J., Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery 6th edition, Wiley.

Reference books

1. Purcell W. P., Bass G. E., Clayton J. M., Strategy of Drug Design: A Guide to Biological

Activity, 1st edition, John Wiley & Sons.

2. Kubinyi H., Mannhold R., Krogsgaard-Larsen P, Timmerman H. QSAR: Hansch Analysis

and Related Approaches, volume 1st , Wiley.

3. Kubinyi H., 3D QSAR in Drug Design: Volume 1: Theory Methods and Applications, 1st

edition, Springer.

4. Patrick G. L., An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry, 5th edition, Oxford University Press-

New Delhi.

http://www.amazon.in/s/ref%3Ddp_byline_sr_book_2?ie=UTF8&field-author=Raimund%2BMannhold&search-alias=stripbooks

http://www.amazon.in/s/ref%3Ddp_byline_sr_book_3?ie=UTF8&field-author=Povl%2BKrogsgaard-Larsen&search-alias=stripbooks

http://www.amazon.in/s/ref%3Ddp_byline_sr_book_4?ie=UTF8&field-author=Hendrik%2BTimmerman&search-alias=stripbooks



PY-99881: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY & SEMINAR

L T P Th. Cr. Pr. Cr. Maximum Marks

TH CW SW Pr. Total

- - 2 - 2 - - 100 - 100

Course objectives:

• To identify any contemporary topic from the thrust area of current pharmaceutical

research, regulatory affairs, drug discovery & current affairs of medicinal and

pharmaceutical chemistry and any other field beyond the syllabus.

• To do exhaustive search of literature and information reported in the area of seminar

topic.

• To develop in-depth understanding on seminar topic and prepare the power point presentation.

• To develop the skills of scientific presentation in front of scientific community.

Course outcomes:

On completion of this activity, students are expected to be able to:

• Know different sources of scientific literature and current pharmaceutical news/information.

• Collect information/subject knowledge and identify the relevant topic in thrust area of interest of pharmaceutical field beyond the syllabus contents.

• Develop skills and confidence of seminar presentation and extempore discussion with

scientific fraternity.



M. PHARM. II YEAR MEDICINAL & PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER – III



PY 9962: DISSERTATION PHASE-I


TH CW SW Pr. Total

- - 20 - 20 - - 100 150 250

Course objectives:

• To identify the thrust area in the field of drug design, pharmaceutical chemistry, new analytical method development through literature survey.

• To design and plan the research objectives and methodologies using computational tools

& other techniques.

• To formulate rationale plan of work for the selected problems.

• To procure research tools and consumables for planned research.

• Attempt to complete approx. 25% of planned experimental work.

Course outcomes:

Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:

• Get insight into current research and development in the field of drug design,

pharmaceutical chemistry and analytical method development through exhaustive literature survey.

• Design and plan the research objectives and methodologies using computational tools &

techniques.

• Develop rationale plan of work for the selected problems.

• Procure research tools and consumables as per plan of work.

• Complete approx. 25% of planned experimental work.



M. PHARM. II YEAR MEDICINAL & PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER – IV



PY 9985: DISSERTATION PHASE-II


TH CW SW Pr. Total

- - 30 - 30 - - 160 240 400

Course objectives:

• To pursue advanced concepts, emerging research methodologies and recent experimental tools for carrying out the planned research work.

• To carry on the planned experimental work & optimize methodology.

• To pursue the experimental findings & draw conclusion.

• To establish correlation of results obtained & publication of research.

• To develop research orientation and aptitude in the field of drug design, pharmaceutical

chemistry and analytical method development.

Course outcome:

Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:

• Understand advanced concepts and recent experimental tools in the area of research

completed.

• Develop themselves as upcoming researcher in the emerging fields of drug design,

pharmaceutical chemistry and analytical method development.

• Do value addition to the existing knowledge in the research field through scientific

presentation & publications.

• Complete the planned work in the stipulated time, correlate the findings after compilation and submit the dissertation for evaluation.

m. pharm. i year

Documents