m p 2011 - new mexico - energy, minerals and natural ... desert zoo and gardens state park...

LIVING DESERT ZOO AND GARDENS STATE PARK

MANAGEMENT PLAN 2011

NEW MEXICO STATE PARKS DIVISION

ENERGY, MINERALS, AND NATURAL RESOURCES DEPARTMENT

Susana Martinez Governor John H. Bemis Cabinet Secretary-Designate, Energy, Minerals, and Natural Resources Department Tommy Mutz Director, State Parks Division State Parks Division P.O. Box 1147 1220 South St. Francis Drive Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 1-888-NMPARKS www.nmparks.com Contributors The following individuals contributed to the development of this plan: Cheryl Bada Deputy General Counsel, EMNRD Ken Britt Park Superintendent, LDZGSP, State Parks Division Steve Cary Natural Resource Planner, State Parks Division Alice Chavira New Mexico State Parks Division Chris Dawson Zoo Horticulturist, LDZGSP, State Parks Division Alan Fiala Regional Manager, State Parks Division Southeast Region Dave Gatterman Bureau Chief, Design and Development, State Parks Division Adan Gonzales Maintenance Supervisor, LDZGSP, State Parks Division Kathryn Law Instructional Coordinator, LDZGSP, State Parks Division Cynthia Lovely Planner, State Parks Division Tommy Mutz Deputy Director Operations, State Parks Division Holly Payne General Curator, LDZGSP, State Parks Division Christy Tafoya Education and Resource Program Manager, State Parks Division Steve Tafoya Bureau Chief, Field Operations, State Parks Division Rob Vadurro Architect, State Parks Division Toby Velasquez Bureau Chief, Boating and Law Enforcement, State Parks Division

Table of Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................. 1

INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 2

Mission and Goals ......................................................................................................2 Park Map ....................................................................................................................3 Park Description .........................................................................................................4 Park History ................................................................................................................4 Regional Setting .........................................................................................................4 Recent Accomplishments ...........................................................................................5 Planning Process ........................................................................................................6

PARK ASSESSMENT ....................................................................................................... 7

PARK RESOURCES ...............................................................................................................7 Land ................................................................................................................................7

Management Zones ...................................................................................................8 Natural Resources ..........................................................................................................9

Geology ......................................................................................................................9 Vegetation ..................................................................................................................9 Wildlife .....................................................................................................................10 Animal Collection .....................................................................................................10 Protected Species .....................................................................................................11

Cultural Resources .......................................................................................................12 EDUCATION AND INTERPRETATION .................................................................................12

Events .......................................................................................................................14 OPERATIONS.....................................................................................................................16

Park Facilities ................................................................................................................16 Visitor Center ...........................................................................................................16 Group Picnic Area .....................................................................................................16 Trails .........................................................................................................................16 Maintenance Shop ...................................................................................................17 Vet Clinic...................................................................................................................17 Animal Kitchen .........................................................................................................17 Roads ........................................................................................................................17 Accessibility ..............................................................................................................18 Fences & Gates .........................................................................................................18 Utilities and Infrastructure .......................................................................................18

Exhibit Facilities ............................................................................................................19 Map of the Zoo .........................................................................................................19

Park Management ........................................................................................................22 Zoo Administration ..................................................................................................22 Staffing .....................................................................................................................23 Volunteers ................................................................................................................25

Partners ....................................................................................................................26 Visitation ..................................................................................................................27 Budget ......................................................................................................................28 Revenue ....................................................................................................................29

RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................................. 30

ISSUES AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................................................30 Park Resources Recommendations ..........................................................................31 Education and Interpretation Recommendations ...................................................31 Exhibit Facilities Recommendations ........................................................................33 Park Facilities Recommendations ............................................................................36 Management Recommendations ............................................................................40 Long-Term Issues .....................................................................................................41

ACTION PLAN................................................................................................................44 Acronyms......................................................................................................................47 References ....................................................................................................................47

APPENDIX ................................................................................................................... 48

Living Desert Zoo and Gardens State Park Management Plan

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Living Desert Zoo & Gardens State Park Management Plan provides guidance on the management and development of the Living Desert Zoo & Gardens State Park (Park) over a five year period. The planning process included evaluation from multiple perspectives so that future actions balance the needs of a modern zoological park which includes animal care, conservation, resource protection, education, visitor services and scientific studies. The plan provides a description of the Park’s existing conditions, issues of concern, and recommendations. The Park is located in Carlsbad and features botanical and animal exhibits of the Chihuahuan Desert. There are 56 animal species on display. Educational programs and events are offered to the general public and school groups. During 2009, the Park had 51,568 visitors and provided 541 programs for 24,062 people. Volunteers play an active role in supporting the Park. The Carlsbad Horticulture Society supports the botanical aspects of the Park by fundraising in the gift shop and with plant sales. The Friends of the Living Desert (Friends) sponsors volunteers for the docent program and special events. The Park has been accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) since 2002. This designation is recognition that the zoo meets nationally recognized standards as a professionally managed zoological park. In addition to the goal of maintaining AZA accreditation, the following are some of the key recommendations addressed in the plan. Education & Interpretation Complete phase two of new interpretive trail signs. Develop new bilingual zoo brochure and map. Expand teacher curriculum guides with new curriculum for additional grades and

topics. Exhibits Seek funding to replace the reptile house with improved visitor area and safer

facilities for staff. Renovate exhibits for the javelina, Bolson tortoise, ringtail, bear, and hoofstock. Replace the waterfowl pond with a less water consumptive and natural playa

exhibit. Facilities Upgrade visitor facilities to be universally accessible and meet ADA standards. Renovate the visitor center north courtyard into a multi-purpose outdoor

classroom and event space. Replace Bermuda grass with xeriscape landscaping and water efficient irrigation. Complete an energy efficiency plan for the Park.

These and other recommendations are explained in detail in the “Recommendations” section of the plan. The “Action Plan” lists each of the recommended actions by proposed year, and includes a cost estimate, proposed project lead, and funding source.


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INTRODUCTION

The mission of the Park:

Mission and Goals

To immerse visitors into the Chihuahuan Desert ecosystem by providing experiences that connect them with the plants and animals adapted to live in this arid environment.

Goals:

1. To focus on the plants and animals adapted to live within the geographic regions of New Mexico, west Texas, and the states of northern Mexico which define the limits of the Chihuahuan Desert.

2. To create integrated zoological and botanical habitats and exhibits that replicate

recognized habitat zones of the Chihuahuan Desert.

3. To incorporate elements of paleontology, geology, biology, anthropology, ethnobotany, climatology, and other elements of learning that enhance the overall desert experience.

4. To further a comprehensive conservation message centered on the value of water and

water related resources.

5. To meet or exceed the professional and ethical standards of a zoo accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) in the areas of animal husbandry, animal welfare, conservation, education and research.

Key Facts

Park Established: 1971 Ownership: Acres:

State Parks Division 1,500

Elevation: 3,260’ – 3,500’ County: Eddy Full-time Employees: 14 Animal Collection 56 total species

17 bird species, 48 individuals 12 mammal species, 73 individuals 21 reptile and amphibian species, 105 individuals

Endangered Species on Exhibit:

Mexican wolf Bolson tortoise

Mission of the State Parks Division Protect and enhance natural and cultural resources, provide first-class recreational and education facilities and opportunities, and promote public safety to benefit and enrich the lives of visitors.


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Park Map


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The Park is on the north side of Carlsbad in Eddy County. The Park focuses on the native wildlife and plants of the Chihuahuan Desert. There are 56 species of animals on display. The Park is a popular destination for tourists and groups of schoolchildren. Community events and educational programs are offered throughout the year. The Park property is owned and managed by the State Parks Division (Division).

Park Description

In 1963 the Carlsbad Chamber of Commerce Civic Development Committee (Chamber) initiated planning for the Park. In November 1965, the Chamber and the Carlsbad City Council submitted a proposal to establish the park to the State Planning Commission. In 1967, Neil Wills and Robert Light donated 360 acres of land to the state for the Park. The Eddy County Commission then donated an additional contiguous 760 acres, bringing the total park area to 1,120 acres. Construction of the Park began in 1968. Governor Bruce King formally dedicated the Park on June 12, 1971. A detailed and comprehensive list of events can be found in Appendix C.

Park History

The community characteristics, climate, and regional attractions can all influence park management and visitation. The Park is located in Eddy County, at the northern edge of Carlsbad. At an elevation of 3500’, the weather is generally warm and dry. Typically the months of July and August receive the highest rainfall, with the winter months being the driest of the year. Summers are warm with an average high temperature of 95° F, and average winter high temperatures of 60° F. Weather only has an effect on visitation on a day to day basis. If it is raining, very hot or windy on a particular day visitation will be low, otherwise weather does not dramatically affect visitation.

Regional Setting

Key Historical Events

1963 Park planning begins 1967 1,120 acres acquired for the Park 1971 Park opens 1972 City of Carlsbad (City) begins park

management under an agreement with the State Parks Commission

1978 Master Plan completed 1978 State Park Commission assumes park

management 2001 Master Plan updated 2002 AZA Accreditation, first five year cycle 2002 Park Management Plan completed, first five

year plan 2006 404 additional acres acquired 2007 AZA Accreditation, second five year cycle


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Regional Recreation Opportunities

Recreation Area Manager Activities Distance Lake Carlsbad Recreation Area

City of Carlsbad Picnicking, swimming, boating, fishing

4 miles

Brantley Lake State Park State Parks Division Camping, boating, fishing, picnicking

15 miles

Carlsbad Caverns National Park

National Park Service Sightseeing, nature study, hiking

31 miles

Guadalupe Mountains National Park

National Park Service Hiking, camping, nature study

58 miles

Sitting Bull Falls U.S. Forest Service Hiking, picnicking 35 miles

2000 Census Data

Population Median age

Median household

income

Families below

poverty

Housing median

value New Mexico 1,819,046 35 34,133 15% $108,100 Eddy County 51,658 36 31,998 9% $64,200 Carlsbad 25,625 38 30,658 9% $61,500

The following facility improvements were made since the last management plan was approved.

Recent Accomplishments

2002

• New mountain lion and bobcat exhibit opened to the public

2003

• Vet clinic constructed and ready for use

2005 • Black bear exhibit and holding area remodeled for new bear, Maggie

2006

• 404 acres of adjacent land purchased

• Parking lot re-surfaced • Visitor center and animal commissary HVAC replaced • Visitor center and lower comfort station roof replaced with insulated

energy saving roof • Constructed Bolson Tortoise Exhibit and added this endangered species

to the collection

2008 • Hoofstock barns, visitor double setback, keeper access, and landscaping renovation project completed

2009 • Off-exhibit Mexican wolf holding project completed


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2010 • Phase One new interpretive signs installed • Badger exhibit remodel finished for new badger, Digger

19.5.3 New Mexico Administrative Code (NMAC) requires that each park shall have a management plan, which shall be reviewed and updated every five years. The stated objective is “to provide direction for the management and development of the Parks in the New Mexico state parks system in a manner that enhances recreational opportunities, protects park resources, and provides for public input and protects the environment” (19.5.3 NMAC). Section 018 of the Division’s “State Parks Policy and Procedures Manual” explains in more detail the planning process, content, and format of park management plans.

Planning Process

The plan was developed with input from Division and Park staff and resource specialists as well as the public and stakeholders. A public review period was held for thirty days in January 2011. A similar tribal consultation period was also held to allow tribes an opportunity to review and comment on the draft. A public meeting to review and discuss the draft plan was held on January 12, 2011. Comments and suggestions were incorporated into the final plan. The use of a management plan may vary depending upon an individual’s perspective or relationship with the Park. The audience for the plan may include park users, park staff, partners, and elected officials. The following are the management plan’s primary values.

• The plan is: o a tool to guide decisions; o a reference tool that documents park history, facts, and conditions; o a tool for identifying land use within a park’s boundary; and o a five-year capital improvements plan.

• The planning process provides opportunities to: o discuss the long-term, “big picture” for those often mired in the details; o and address issues, trends, and changing conditions and uses affecting the

Park. • The plan and the process allows communication with the public to:

o share with the public the purpose, significance, opportunities, and constraints of the Park; and

o learn their concerns, expectations, and values for the Park. This plan is divided into two sections. The first part, “Introduction and Park Assessment” includes a summary of the Park’s history, existing conditions, and resources. The second part, “Recommendations” lists the issues that were identified during the planning process, and the proposed actions the Division is recommending.


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PARK ASSESSMENT

PARK RESOURCES Resource protection is an important component of the Division’s mission. The Division must also comply with a variety of natural and cultural resource protection laws (see Appendix A). Prior to any park improvement projects, staff must submit project proposals on the Division’s “Park Project Form” (see Appendix B). The Division will then review the project and carry out appropriate resource protection measures.

Land The Park property is 1,500 acres. The most recent park expansion occurred in 2006, when the Division purchased 404 acres adjacent to the original property. The zoo facilities occupy approximately 42 acres. There are approximately three acres occupied by the communication towers, water tanks, and the trailhead parking lot. There are also two gas wells with associated roads and pipelines, and one gas transmission line. In the past, lands outside of the zoo’s vicinity have been abused by unchecked road extensions, off-highway vehicles, dumping, borrow pits and soil/stone removal, and unregulated livestock grazing. These areas are now closed to motor vehicles and are slowly recovering. While there are no facilities, the public is welcome to use the old roads as hiking trails. There are four communication towers and a large water storage tank on park property. The area is secured by a locked gate and each tower owner is responsible for their tower’s security and maintenance. The water tank is owned and maintained by the City of Carlsbad and holds one million gallons of water. The Ocotillo Trail, trailhead, and overlook parking area are maintained by the City and addressed in an agreement between the Division and the City. The entire Park is considered split estate in regards to mineral rights. The Division owns the 1500 acres of surface land, however the mineral rights are owned by either the federal government and managed by the United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management (BLM) or the State of New Mexico and managed by the State Land Office. The Division does not own any mineral rights. It should be noted that under the current BLM Resource Management Plan (RMP), selected sections of mineral rights are currently listed as not available for leasing while other sections are currently leased for oil and gas development.


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The Division’s Natural Resource Management Policy (SPD Policy 013) defines land management zones as areas managed for different types and intensities of use with varying degrees of protection, visitation, and practices. The Division’s best management practice defines four zones, and the Park management area is within either the developed (class 1) or undeveloped category (class 3). The zoo, road and urban trail right of way, and utility and oil and gas sites are in the developed zone. All other areas within the Park are in the undeveloped zone.

Management Zones


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The Developed Recreation Zone are lands managed primarily for intensive human use as well as animal care to include roads, developed trails, parking areas, buildings, picnic area, maintenance areas , exhibits for captive wildlife, animal service areas, veterinary clinic, animal commissary, botanical habitats and gardens. These lands are to be managed such that:

o visitor and staff health and safety are the top priority; o animal husbandry and welfare are also a top priority; o active, consumptive recreational activities are allowed; o roads are provided for motorized vehicles; and o park facilities receive routine active management.

The Undeveloped Recreation Zone are natural areas with no infrastructure and suitable only for passive recreation. These lands are to be managed such that:

o resource protection and management are high priorities; o no facilities, maintenance or patrols are provided; o foot travel is allowed; and o maintenance activities are limited to resource management activities.

Natural Resources

The Park sits at the edge of the Ocotillo Hills, which consist of sedimentary deposits of limestone and dolomite. These formations are the result of deposition in what was once a shallow marine basin with limestone reefs. Today these formations are typically where oil and gas deposits are found. The geology of the region is the subject of exhibits in the Park, with some geological formations reconstructed throughout the Park. The Sand Hills exhibit depicts Quaternary sand dunes. The Gypsum Hills are made up of local selenite (clear, crystalline gypsum) and limestone (McElmore, 2001).

Geology

One of the goals of the Park is “to create integrated zoological and botanical habitats and exhibits which replicate recognized habitat zones of the Chihuahuan Desert.” Plants common to the Chihuahuan Desert can be seen growing naturally throughout the undeveloped areas of the Park. The zoo also features several habitat exhibits that feature plants representative of specific regions, such as the Sand Dunes Habitat and the Gypsum Hills Habitat. Most of the plants in the zoo exhibits are native to the Chihuahuan Desert. The landscaped areas around the zoo however, include a variety of non-native ornamentals and several invasive species such as Bermuda grass and Lehmann lovegrass.

Vegetation


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Flora Indigenous to Chihuahuan Desert Habitats

Sand Hills Gypsum Hills Piñon Juniper western soapberry tree mormon tea piñon pine shinnery oak prickly pear sandpaper oak honey mesquite little leaf sumac alligator bark juniper catclaw acacia hoary rosemary mint torrey yucca soapweed yucca golden crown beard beargrass fourwing saltbush soaptree yucca Rocky Mountain juniper day flower fourwing saltbush gambel oak blackfoot daisy pencil cholla gray oak cholla christmas cholla madrone mariola creosote banana yucca leatherweed croton leatherleaf croton cholla sand sage snakeweed ponderosa pine buffalo gourd false broomweed claret cup cow pen daisy feathergrass blackfoot Daisy Desert Uplands New Mexico agave sand palafox tarbush

Arroyo creosote cottonwood lechuguilla sotol ocotillo apache Plume New Mexico agave fairy Duster mariola desert Willow prickly Pear little Leaf Sumac oneseed juniper honey Mesquite algerita seep Willow redberry juniper claret Cup javelina bush

allthorn

The undeveloped area of the Park is home to many of the same animals seen at the zoo. In 2008, the Division completed the first inventory of wildlife observed on the property. Two surveys were completed, one to establish a baseline inventory of mammals, and one to survey amphibians and reptiles. To obtain a comprehensive understanding of the wildlife of the Park property, multiple surveys during all four seasons over several years will be necessary.

Wildlife

The animals on exhibit are all native inhabitants of the Chihuahuan Desert. The zoo animals at the Park are rehabilitated or were born in captivity and are not able to fend for themselves in the wild. They serve as wildlife ambassadors for their species. The Park’s “Institutional Collection Plan” (ICP) provides an analysis of the animal collection, both

Animal Collection


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existing and proposed, as it pertains to the Park’s mission and goals. The following table lists the animal collection grouped by exhibit area.

Animal Collection

Mammals Birds Reptiles gray fox curve-billed thrasher long-nosed leopard lizard javelina common raven eastern fence lizard North American porcupine burrowing owl Plains spadefoot toad North American black bear Swainson’s hawk red-spotted toad Mexican gray wolf mourning dove tiger salamander black-tailed prairie dog white winged dove Texas banded gecko mule deer roadrunner Gila monster (banded) American bison American robin western diamondback

rattlesnake pronghorn pyrrhuloxia mottled rock rattlesnake American elk yellow-headed blackbird prairie (western) rattlesnake mountain lion bald eagle bullsnake bobcat golden eagle desert kingsnake turkey vulture coachwhip

Turtles/Tortoises red-tailed hawk corn snake/red rat snake ornate box turtle great horned owl Trans-Pecos rat snake common slider Harris’ hawk Great Plains rat snake Big Bend slider gray banded kingsnake painted turtle Fish spiny softshelled turtle longnose gar Insects snapping turtle green sunfish vinegaroon western river cooter common gambusia Mexican red-kneed tarantula Bolson tortoise Pecos gambusia Texas tan tarantula bluegill

longear sunfish largemouth black bass channel catfish

There are no known federal or state protected species that occur naturally on park property. The Park currently exhibits two internationally endangered species: the Mexican Gray Wolf and the Bolson tortoise. The recovery of the Mexican wolf is managed through the AZA Species Survival Plan (SSP), and the Park is an active participant in this effort. The Bolson tortoise breeding began in 2007 and the Park is taking the lead within the zoo community while the Turner Endangered Species Fund is taking the lead within the scientific community.

Protected Species


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Cultural Resources Park personnel work under a mandate to preserve and protect cultural resources from impacts caused by human or environmental factors. Cultural resources within Park boundaries are subject to state and potentially federal cultural resource protection laws (see “Rules” in the Appendix). Development within the Park is coordinated with the Division’s Cultural Resources Planner to avoid impacts to cultural resources and to comply with state statutes and rules and any applicable federal statutes and regulations. Prior to any activities that would result in ground disturbance, the State Parks Division will ensure that impacts are assessed and appropriate cultural resource management measures are undertaken to protect or minimize impacts to cultural resources.

EDUCATION AND INTERPRETATION Education is an important element of the Park experience. During the 2009 calendar year, the Park provided 541 programs for 24,062 visitors (see table below). The Park has curriculum-based programming for schools, and connects to schools from the southern part of New Mexico as well as Texas and school programs are a priority for the Park. Summer programs such as Zoo Camp and family programs such as PreSchool StoryTime are also important interpretive components and a significant resource for the local community.

2009 Summary of Programs

Programs Children Adults Total Tours for School Groups

72 2,685 644 3,329

Tours for Organized Non-School Youth Groups

30 471 236 707

Tours for Organized Non-School Adult Groups

24 6 654 660

Number of In-House Events

411 8,691 11,039 19,730

Number of Outreach Events

130 2,854 1,468 4,322

Total Number of Events

541 11,555 12,507 24,062

The purpose of the education and interpretive program at the Park includes the following:

• provide both nature education and interpretive programming to enhance visitor experiences;

• encourage organized school groups to use the zoo as an outdoor classroom; • provide programs that meet benchmarks and standards for organized school

groups;


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• utilize interpretive techniques to enhance understanding and appreciation of our natural world; and

• offer interesting programs for visitors of all ages, for multi-generational and special interest groups.

The Park’s education and interpretive program is centered on the following four concepts. 1) Using an integrated ecosystem approach, explore the relationships of biotic and abiotic communities based on an understanding of the basic principles of ecology. 2) Following the principles of interpretation, examine the following educational themes: adaptations of plants and animals for life in the desert southwest; man’s historical presence and existence in the desert land; the use of the senses in experiencing the desert environment; the use of role playing or games to experience and understand ecological

principles; and the use of arts and crafts to explore, learn and appreciate the differences and

adaptations between the various animals and plants. 3) Using conservation (the wise use of our natural resources) as the cornerstone of zoo practices and educational programming, participate in the following: species conservation through participation in the Mexican Wolf Recovery

Program, the Mexican Wolf Teachers Workshop; Mexican Wolf SSP website, Field Trip Earth website, and Bolson tortoise recovery program;

research projects such as mountain lion and bobcat studies, and a DNA analysis study of ringtails;

Bolson tortoise, husbandry, propagation, and reintroduction program; water conservation through developing native plant habitats in animal exhibits

and demonstration gardens using native plant species which promotes xeriscaping; and

composting plant and animal waste for soil augmentation. 4) An overriding theme “Think Globally and Act Locally” is emphasized in all educational and interpretive programs. The Park teaches that while it is important to understand the complexities of our natural world, each must have their own personal conservation ethic and live by it. In 2007, an “Interpretive Sign Plan” was developed to identify themes for new interpretive signs along the zoo path. In 2010, the Park installed seventy-five new interpretive signs as phase I of this plan. The central interpretive theme for park signs is:

“The Chihuahuan Desert, a fragile ecosystem worthy of conservation and protection, is home to plants and animals whose survival strategies and adaptations help them flourish in the extremes of the desert ecosystem”.


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The subthemes identified in the plan are: • “Chihuahuan Desert plants and animals have adapted to heat and aridity by using

both physical and behavioral mechanisms”. • “The Chihuahuan Desert ecosystem is composed of an interdependent

relationship between the physical environment and living things”. • “Humans have long utilized the wealth of the desert ecosystem and are

responsible for the protection and conservation of this fragile ecosystem”.

Since 1985, the Park has become known for hosting the annual Friends of Living Desert Mescal Roast and Mountain Spirit Dances. A cooperative project between the Division, Friends, and the Mescalero Apache Tribe, this event has become one of southeast New Mexico’s most well-known cultural events, blending together history and legend with traditional colorful ceremonial clothing and the traditional Dance of the Mountain Spirit Gods around a blazing bonfire. It has also provided an opportunity to consult and partner with the Mescalero Apache Tribe and to help preserve the ancient practices and ceremonies surrounding the harvest and roasting of the mescal, or agave.

Events

The Park is also known for its beautiful landscaping and has become a center for xeriscaping, the practice of low-water-use landscaping as part of its commitment to conservation and sustainability. Each spring the Park co-sponsors a xeriscape workshop with the Eddy County Cooperative Extension Service and the Carlsbad Horticulture Society. The Carlsbad Horticulture Society, which operates the Park’s gift shop, also has plant sales in the spring and fall, making xeriscape plants available to the public. Each April, the Park hosts an Earth Day Event along with March for Parks, a community event cosponsored by the Park, Guadalupe Mountains and Carlsbad Caverns National Parks, the BLM, and the United States Department of Agriculture,. Forest Service (USFS). Participants raise money for local park and playground improvements, and more than $50,000 has been disbursed to fund community projects since the program’s inception in 1995. The Park serves as an active hub of the local community and maintains an extensive schedule of on-going events (see table below). Other special events and programs are scheduled throughout the year and can be viewed on the calendar of events posted on the Division’s website.


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Special Events

Date Event Sponsor September – May Preschool Story Time

Friends of Living Desert Docent Council

Most months around full moon

Music and the Moon Concert Carlsbad Area Arts and Humanities, different corporate sponsors

May - October Full Moon Walk follows the Music and the Moon

Friends of Living Desert Docent Council

Quarterly Star Parties Living Desert Astronomers January 12 Bear Awareness Day - celebrated

on (or near) Maggie the Bear’s birthday

Friends of Living Desert Docent Council, NMDGF

February Sweetheart Serenade The Cavernaires Barbershop Chorus March Xeriscape Workshop Carlsbad Horticulture Society,

Eddy County Cooperative Extension March Ocotillo Trail Challenge Friends of Living Desert April Spring Plant Sale Carlsbad Horticulture Society April March for Parks Earth Day Event Cosponsored by the National Park

Service, BLM, and the USFS. April Party for the Planet

- during the Earth Day Event The Park and AZA

May Mescal Roast and Mountain Spirit Dances

Friends of Living Desert

June Gem and Mineral Show Roadrunner Gem and Mineral Club June-July Living Desert Art Show Carlsbad Area Art Association Last 2 weeks in July

Zoo Camp Friends of Living Desert Docent Council

September Vulture Awareness Day International Vulture Awareness Day October Fall Plant Sale Carlsbad Horticulture Society October Wolf Awareness Day U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service November America Recycles Day City of Carlsbad,

Friends of Living Desert November Volunteer Recognition Banquet Friends of Living Desert,

Carlsbad Horticulture Society December Holiday Bells Concert Touch of Joy Ringers December Holidays With the Animals Friends of Living Desert

Docent Council


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OPERATIONS Park operations, facilities, and administrative management follow the guidelines set forth in the State Park Division’s “Policy and Procedures Manual”. All park facilities are maintained according to guidelines set forth in the Division’s “Standards of Care Manual” which ensures quality, safety, and consistency. Animal care and zoo operation protocols and policies are outlined in the application for AZA accreditation. Park management, rules, and law enforcement authority are contained in the New Mexico Administrative Code and New Mexico statutes. See “Rules” in the appendix for the complete list.

Park Facilities

The visitor center is the gateway to the Park, where visitors are greeted and oriented to the Park and pay their fees. The building was constructed in 1971 and includes office space for seven employees and one volunteer services coordinator, an exhibit area, conference room, kitchen, restrooms, vending area, and gift shop. The interior was remodeled with displays and interactive exhibits in 1997. The facility also serves as community event space available for rent for meetings, conventions, banquets, receptions, etc. The gift shop, operated by The Carlsbad Horticulture Society (a park support group), offers a variety of nature and regional books and souvenirs as well as xeric plants.

Visitor Center

The zoo and visitor center are open to the public daily, in the winter months, from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. with the last entrance to the zoo at 3:30 p.m. During the summer season (Memorial Day to Labor Day), hours are from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. with the last entrance at 3:30 p.m. The Park is open to the public every day of the year except Christmas Day. When the Park is closed, the animal keeper staff must still perform the routine animal care duties.

The group picnic area is located next to the visitor center and adjacent to the desert pond, and provides shade and picnic tables for up to 50 people. This facility is used by daily visitors as a rest area to enjoy refreshments or a picnic lunch. It is also available after hours as a rental facility.

Group Picnic Area

A 1.3-mile pathway leads visitors from the Visitor Center through the Park’s zoological and botanical exhibits. Interpretive signs about the botanical gardens and wildlife exhibits line the path. The pathway is surfaced with either asphalt or cement. Park vehicles use the perimeter portion of the trail to access facilities.

Trails


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In the undeveloped, northern portion of the Park, dirt roads (closed to public vehicles) are used informally as hiking trails. These are not maintained and there are no signs or amenities. The Ocotillo Hills Trail is one mile in length and is a popular community recreational trail maintained by the City of Carlsbad. The trail and parking lot, which are on park property, were constructed by the City of Carlsbad with Recreational Trails Program (RTP) grant funds.

The shop serves as the maintenance and storage facility for equipment, tools, supplies, and the park utility vehicle. It also houses the electric mechanical room for the entire Park. There is also a small outside storage yard, small equipment and tool storage room, and a portable storage building.

Maintenance Shop

The vet clinic, opened in 2003, has six rooms with various functions including the surgery room, x-ray room, surgery prep room, dark room for developing x-rays and quarantine areas.

Vet Clinic

The animal kitchen is a building with a walk-in freezer, dry feed storage room, a diet preparation area, a utility sink area, restroom with shower, and tool room. Construction of this building was completed in 1994.

Animal Kitchen

Primary access to the Park is from Highway 285 via Skyline Drive, or from Miehls Drive. The Park visitor center is 1.2 miles from the highway. This road is maintained by the City of Carlsbad. The undeveloped portion of the Park is bisected by a dirt road that extends northwest from Miehls Drive along the crest of the Ocotillo Hills for approximately two miles. This roadway existed before the Park was built and is currently closed to public vehicle access.

Roads


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While some portions of the Park and visitor center are universally accessible, there are many elements that need improvement to meet ADA accessibility standards. Many of the entry doors need to be improved to provide easier access. There are also portions of the zoo trail that do not meet accessibility requirements due to the uneven surface and slope. These issues are addressed in the recommendations portion of the plan.

Accessibility

A perimeter containment fence surrounds the zoo. There are two entrance gates that are locked when the Park is closed. There are also three nighttime animal security gates. The zoo is protected by a chain link perimeter fence 6’ tall with 2’ barbed wire extensions. The base of this fence is secured by a chain link extension preventing animals from going underneath it. This acts as a containment fence for animals in the zoo as well as a barrier to prevent wild animals from getting into the zoo. The majority of the area inside the perimeter fence is manmade and as such is protected by limiting access, mesh and rail barriers as well as locked doors and gates. This protection is for visitor safety, animal safety and staff safety. Only a portion of the 1,500 acres of park property is fenced along the boundary.

Fences & Gates

The Park’s solid waste is disposed of at the city landfill. Animal waste is the only solid waste that the City will not handle without additional cost. The Park currently composts animal waste at a previously disturbed site in the undeveloped portion of the Park.

Utilities and Infrastructure

Utility Providers

Water City of Carlsbad Electricity Xcel Energy Propane

Contract vendor

Solid Waste Management

City of Carlsbad

Wastewater Management

On-site septic system with lift station


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Exhibit Facilities Following the map of the zoo are descriptions of each exhibit area that house the animal collection and are viewable by the public. Some of the exhibit areas include animal holding areas that are not accessible or visible to the public.

Map of the Zoo


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● Aviary Exhibit The aviary, constructed in 1973, consists of nine separate outer exhibits, a walk-through aviary, a quarantine area with three quarantine cages, a kitchen/storage room, a covered dock area for hay storage, and a 6-ton grain silo. In 1990 a new dome/mesh roof was placed on the walk-through aviary. ● Javelina Exhibit The javelina exhibit, built in 1982, consists of an outdoor exhibit area and an off-exhibit holding area. ● Nocturnal Exhibit The nocturnal building houses seven small reptile/amphibian exhibits and one larger ringtail exhibit. There are five outside exhibits. This area was constructed in 1968. In 1982, three outside exhibits were renovated. In 2000, renovations were completed on two of the outside exhibits and inside the nocturnal building. ● Bear/Wolf Exhibits The bear/wolf area, completed in 1987, consists of a Mexican gray wolf outside exhibit, a black bear outside exhibit, and a building that contains a Mexican gray wolf off-exhibit holding area and a separate black bear off-exhibit holding area. In 1999, the bear exhibit containment walls were extended and a hot wire system installed. In 2005, some bear exhibit and bear holding improvements were made and a new keeper access gate was added to the wolf exhibit. ● Reptile House The reptile house is a building that consists of 11 individual reptile exhibits that are viewed from outside. This area was constructed in 1973. In 2001 some minor improvements were made to some of the exhibits to allow keepers to more safely work with venomous reptiles. These improvements were done in-house by staff members. In 2008 a new emergency venomous snake bite alarm was installed. This alarm is monitored by an outside company which contacts the zoo when the alarm is set off. ● Bolson Tortoise Exhibit The Bolson tortoise exhibit consists of an enclosure for adult Bolson tortoises and a smaller enclosure for Bolson tortoise hatchlings. The adult exhibit was constructed in 2006 and the hatchling exhibit was constructed in 2007. Both enclosures were constructed in-house by zoo staff and volunteers. ● Prairie Dog Exhibit The prairie dog exhibit is an enclosure housing prairie dogs with an outer interpretive area. Construction of the prairie dog exhibit began in 1968.


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● Hoofstock Exhibit The hoofstock area houses the mule deer, bison, elk, and pronghorn. It consists of seven enclosures and two barns. The original construction of this area was in 1973. In 2008, the Division built two new barns and a new mule deer exhibit. ● Mountain Lion and Bobcat Exhibits The mountain lion and bobcat exhibits consists of a mountain lion exhibit with an attached indoor holding area and a bobcat exhibit with an attached indoor holding area. Construction was completed on this area in 2002. ● Waterfowl Pond The waterfowl pond is a man-made water feature inhabited by various species of native turtles and fish. Migrating waterfowl may be seen in this area in the spring and fall. Construction of the waterfowl pond began in 1968. ● Greenhouses The Park has one greenhouse open to the public (“Succulents of the World”) and two that are used for plant propagation. Greenhouse #1 is the “Succulents of the World” exhibit, which displays approximately 300 species of cacti and succulents. Plants that are not native to the immediate area and that could not survive this climate are exhibited in this structure. Most of the cacti are from Mexico and South America, while the succulent plants are predominately from Mexico, Africa and Madagascar. This building was originally the park maintenance shop and was converted into a greenhouse, which poses some challenges to operating the space as a greenhouse. Greenhouse #2 is a propagation greenhouse. A portion of it is set up with an intermittent mist system where seeds and root cuttings are started. The remainder is used to grow plants that will later be planted out in the Park. Greenhouse #3 is used primarily by the Carlsbad Horticulture Society. Here plants are prepared for sale in the gift shop. It also houses plants that have been purchased for resale. A 27’ by 16’ storage area is attached and used to store soil, pots, tools, and equipment necessary for the operation of the greenhouses. The shade house is a steel frame structure 48’ by 24’. It is actually two attached carports. The structure is covered with a woven polyethylene shade cloth to provide the plants protection from full sun and wind. The house is used to harden and store plants that will be used in the park landscaping or to be sold at the annual plant sale.


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Park Management

Management of a modern zoological facility necessitates a multitude of state and federally mandated licenses, permits, and regulations (see table below). Each of these licenses and permits require an annual report of activities and inspections.

Zoo Administration

The zoo operation is regulated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal Welfare Act. USDA staff will arrive unannounced for surprise inspections up to two times annually and possibly more if deemed necessary. The USDA is the licensing authority for all animal care facilities throughout the nation and has the ability to issue citations and fines as well as close down any facility not meeting the standards outlined in the Animal Welfare Act. The New Mexico Department of Game and Fish (NMDGF) has permitting authority for captive wildlife facilities within the state. The zoo is accredited with the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) and as such is a facility dedicated to the professional care of and ethical treatment of captive animals as well as conservation, research and education. The first five-year accreditation was in 2002, and was renewed in 2007 until 2012. The AZA has established professional standards for all aspects of zoo operations and all accredited zoos are expected to meet or exceed them.

Regulatory Oversight

Agency Permit or Certification United States Department of Agriculture

Class C Exhibitors License, as required by the Animal Welfare Act

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish

Zoo License Animal Importation Permits

United States Fish and Wildlife Service

Endangered Species Permits Migratory Bird Permits Eagle Permits

Association of Zoos and Aquariums

Voluntary professional accreditation

The stated mission of the AZA Accreditation Commission is to “establish, uphold, and raise the highest zoological and aquarium industry standards through self-evaluation, on-site inspection, and peer review”. Moreover, the AZA takes an active interest in encouraging member institutions to continuously strive for and develop superior facilities. To this end they examine operations, evaluate, and accredit all major zoological facilities throughout North America every five years. To be an accredited member institution of the AZA is to be recognized as one of an elite body of facilities nation-wide, which strive to maintain the highest standards of animal management and husbandry, accord special attention to the care of their living collections, and manage the nature of their use for wildlife conservation, public education, scientific research, and recreation.


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Only when these goals are met can we justify the captive maintenance of such collections. The primary animal record and tracking system is maintained through membership and participation in the International Species Information System (ISIS). Park staff use a variety of documentation to track information, including the following forms: Animal Acquisition and Disposition Report, Animal Donation, Animal Report, Quarantine Report, Medication Record, Necropsy Reports, Animal Dealer and Individual Reference Profile Forms, Animal Transaction Forms, and a daily Animal Keeper Report Form. Each of these forms includes unique information, which the Park’s acting registrar, Wildlife Culturist Advanced (Registrar) then enters and tracks within the ISIS system.

The management and operation of a zoo requires specially trained staff trained to meet the professional standards expected of a modern zoo. Staff numbers and training are evaluated by the USDA in regards to the Animal Welfare Act, and the AZA in regards to accreditation. Interest in recent years has focused on the behavioral well-being of captive animals in zoos, especially in the application of operant conditioning principles and behavioral enrichment opportunities for our captive collections. These tasks require that the Park’s zookeepers obtain professional, specialized training.

Staffing

The Park Superintendent Senior directs park management and administration with administrative support from the following staff: Administrator, Wildlife Culturist Supervisor, Maintenance Supervisor, Botanical Curator, and Instructional Coordinator. This group makes up the “Park Lead Person Team” that shares the responsibility for the entire park operation in the absence of the Park Superintendent. The following are the permanent, full-time equivalent employee (FTE) positions at the Park. The staff organizational chart is in Appendix C. ● Park Superintendent Senior Responsible for directing and overseeing park operations, administration, and management. ● Administrator II Responsible for processing and tracking all purchasing, collected revenue, visitation counts, and budget tracking. ● Wildlife Culturist Supervisor- General Curator Responsible for husbandry and welfare of zoo animal collection, supervising the wildlife culturist or animal keeper staff (6), and ensuring the animal care operations meet and exceed USDA regulations, USFWS regulations, and NMDGF rules as well as the ethics and standards of professional animal care required of a zoo accredited by the AZA.


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● Wildlife Culturist Advanced – Senior Animal Keeper Responsible for animal care operations, which includes meeting and exceeding USDA regulations, USFWS regulations, and NMDGF rules as well as the ethics and standards of professional animal care of the AZA. The Wildlife Culturists Advanced serves as mentor/foremen to animal keeper staff that perform the daily care of the animals in the zoo collection. ● Wildlife Culturist Advanced – Registrar/Animal Keeper Responsible for animal record keeping through use of specialized software from the International Species Information System (ISIS), also performs the daily care of the animals in the zoo collection. ● Wildlife Culturist – Animal Keeper (4) Responsible for animal care operations, which includes meeting and exceeding USDA regulations, USFWS regulations, and NMDGF rules as well as the ethics and standards of professional animal care of the AZA. The Wildlife Culturists perform the daily care of the animals in the zoo collection. ● Instructional Coordinator - Regional Interpretive Ranger Responsible for planning, promoting, and presenting interpretive and educational programs at the Park and other regional parks (Brantley Lake, Bottomless Lakes and Oasis State Parks). Training and supervising volunteers is an important aspect of this position. ● Volunteer Services Coordinator A part-time position funded by The Carlsbad Horticulture Society; supervises the volunteer program. ● Zoo Horticulturist – Botanical Curator Responsible for maintaining the botanical exhibits, xeric gardens, and propagation greenhouses. Assistance is provided by a summer student intern and volunteers. ● Maintenance Supervisor Responsible for overseeing the maintenance of all park facilities, grounds, vehicles and equipment in accordance with Division and AZA standards. Supervises two Park Technicians. ● Park Technicians (2) Perform the daily maintenance, care and repair of park facilities, grounds, tools and equipment. The Division’s Region 4 office located in Carlsbad, provides support to eight parks in the area, and includes a warehouse for commonly used supplies and equipment shared by the parks in the region. The Regional Manager supervises the Park Superintendent Senior. The regional administrative staff provides support to the Park, and a regional


2011 Page 25

technician stationed at Bottomless Lakes State Park provides water and wastewater systems support. The Park has a professional services agreement with a local veterinarian for veterinary services. This contract calls for routine preventative inspections as well as emergency response for animal health and welfare. Seasonal staff, and a student government intern, typically works during the summer months. A seasonal park technician typically works fall and winter months. The Park has contracts for janitorial services for the visitor center and lower comfort station five days a week and for HVAC preventative maintenance, repairs, and replacement. The inmate program, when funded, provides much needed maintenance manpower and added maintenance, repair, and project funding. This work crew (up to six inmates) from the Roswell Correctional Center provides assistance with manual labor, thus freeing up trained park staff to handle job tasks of a more technical nature.

The Park has approximately 70 regular volunteers who provide invaluable contributions to the operations of the Park. Annually, volunteers contribute well over 10,000 hours of service equivalent to eight full time staff. Volunteers perform many job tasks that include: greet and orient visitors, collect fees, support botanical operations, support general maintenance operations, assist with special projects, and assist with park events. Volunteer docents are trained interpreters and educators who work closely with the Park Interpreter in planning, developing, and presenting interpretive and education programs both in the Park and as outreach in the community.

Volunteers

The volunteers are coordinated by a Volunteer Services Coordinator working part-time and funded by the Carlsbad Horticulture Society. Currently the volunteer staff consists of: one docent coordinator, 33 docents, 19 junior docents, 22 front desk volunteers, 10 greenhouse volunteers, and up to 50 additional volunteers during special events. The number of interpretive volunteers and volunteer hours fluctuates month to month depending on events and the season. In July 2008, there was a high of 45 volunteers and almost 900 volunteer hours because of Zoo Camp. In December 2008, there were 19 volunteers with 145 volunteer hours.

2009 Volunteer Contributions

Docent Volunteers 35

Docent Hours 3,828

Individual Docent Contacts 23,658

Total Volunteers 93

Total Volunteer Hours 10,964


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The Park is an integral member of the Carlsbad community. It is an important tourist destination that is valuable in supporting the local economy. It is also a treasured place of learning for schools and families. Partners can be found in all aspects of the community – businesses, municipal government, schools, and families.

Partners

The Park is supported by two non-profit (501-c3) groups, the Carlsbad Horticulture Society and the Friends of Living Desert. Each has a written agreement with the Division outlining their roles and responsibilities. The Carlsbad Horticulture Society has served the Park since 1976 by supporting the botanical mission of the Park through fundraising by operating the gift shop and plant sales. The Friends have served the Park since 1982. The Friends underwrite the docent program, promote the Park, and support staff training and other needs the Park has that the state budget cannot provide for. The Friends also hold special events and fundraisers like the Mescal Roast. The Park has been an active member of the Carlsbad Chamber of Commerce for many years. Staff have served as officers on the executive board as well as participated in many chamber sponsored community events. The Park partners with the chamber for advertising and promotion with the help of funding from the park support groups. Park staff has collaborated with the City of Carlsbad through various ad-hoc committees as well as on statutory boards such as the Parks and Recreation Advisory Board, the Lodgers Tax Advisory Board, the Arbor Day Foundation Advisory Board, and the City Recycling Board. Park staff work on the Eddy County Weed Task Force with partners from the United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Eddy County Extension Office, BLM, and USFS. The Park participates in a recovery and research program for the internationally endangered Bolson tortoise in partnership with the Turner Endangered Species Fund. The Park partners with the Carlsbad Caverns National Park by promoting each other as well as sharing interpretive programs and staff to present them.


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Annual patterns of visitor use are similar to many zoo facilities that serve as a quality of life venue for the local community as well as a tourist attraction. The busiest times for tourists are when school is generally out of session at spring break, summer, and major holiday weekends. School groups visit the zoo throughout the academic year, but April and early May are the months when most visit. Three-day holiday weekends also see higher visitation. Peak annual visitation was approximately 92,000 in the early 1990s, since then annual visitation has leveled out to around 50,000 for the past decade.

Visitation

Annual Visitation

Fiscal Year Visitation

2010 45,893

2009 51,568

2008 49,208

2007 55,821

2006 50,534

2005 50,142

2004 48,024

2003 50,223

2002 48,494

Average: 49,990


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The Region 4 office allocates the annual budget to the Park based on general allocations and guidance from the Santa Fe Office, which is based on the Division’s overall budget for the fiscal year. The budget listed below excludes salaries. Additional funding sources in the past have included: Friends of Living Desert, Carlsbad Horticulture Society, Barbara Meyer Living Desert Fund (Carlsbad Foundation), and the Van Cleave Natural Sciences Fund (Carlsbad Foundation).

Budget

Park Budget

FY 07 FY 08 FY 09 FY 10 Average Travel and

transportation $6,500 $8,000 $8,500 $8,000 $7,750

Maintenance $7,300 $9,400 $10,500 $4,500 $7,925

Supplies $19,250 $21,050 $26,000 $26,000 $23,075

Operating Costs & Utilities

$56,000 $62,900 $67,000 $67,000 $63,225

Other Contracts (veterinary services,

maintenance, etc.) $24,700 $28,900 $33,700 $35,000 $30,575

Total $113,750 $130,250 $145,700 $142,100 $132,950


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Revenue comes from visitor use fees, event rentals, and communication tower leases. The Parks’ visitor use fees are based on individual entrance with special pricing for large groups or organized youth groups.

Revenue

The visitor center and zoo are available for rent after hours for banquets, weddings, receptions, and other events when staffing allows. This can be a significant revenue generator for the Park. Communication tower leases bring in revenue or provide in-kind service from other governmental agencies. Currently the Park trades some tower space for high speed wireless internet access and for promotional services as underwriting sponsorship of programming on public television, which park budgets are unable to fund. The oil and gas related revenues were the result of fees charged for surface disturbance/occupancy for drilling two gas wells and the replacement of a natural gas transmission line, all on park land.

Annual Revenue

Fiscal Year Entrance Fees,

Annual Permits, Special Use Fees

Communication Tower Leases

*Oil and Gas Related

Total Annual Revenue

2010 $131,511 $40,829 $172,340

2009 $143,994 $38,885 $182,881

2008 $146,863 $41,003 *$17,161 $205,027

2007 $142,393 $36,003 *$16,233 $194,630

2006 $145,701 $30,228 $175,929


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RECOMMENDATIONS

ISSUES AND RECOMMENDATIONS Issues are concerns, problems, threats, or opportunities identified during the planning process. The issues were raised by individual staff, during the group planning workshops, by stakeholders, or by the public. Not all issues will result in an action. Some issues may be beyond the scope of the Division’s control, or may not be a priority issue during this planning period. The issues are listed in the categories that correspond to this plan’s organization. The proposed actions (shown with B ) are also listed in the “Action Plan” following this section, along with estimated costs and timeframes. Some actions will require further research, evaluation, planning, or design before they can be implemented. Each action is contingent upon available funding and other resources, and there is no guarantee that it will be feasible or that it can be funded and implemented in the proposed timeframe. The Park faces the same challenges other state parks are dealing with in regards to operating budget, staffing levels, capital funding, promotion and marketing. Many of these challenges are ultimately funding related. In addition to the duties typical of a state park, as a zoo, the Park must at a minimum meet the standards of the USDA Animal Welfare Act as well as maintain the accreditation of the AZA. The evolving professional animal care and zoo world mandates that those entrusted with caring for captive wildlife be committed to excellence as well as the highest of ethics in all aspects of its operation. This becomes especially important due to the specific tightening of regulations zoo facilities are required to meet from federal and state regulatory agencies and the scrutiny of animal rights organizations. The principal goal of the following recommendations is to ensure that the Park maintain compliance with AZA accreditation standards. Many of the following recommendations are also requirements of AZA. Every five years, the AZA inspects the Park for compliance with their standards. During these inspections, AZA inspectors may identify deficiencies in operations and facilities that must be addressed to maintain accreditation. As accreditation is important, the Division must be prepared to respond to those deficient items that may jeopardize the AZA accreditation. At this time, we cannot predict what will be required during these inspections; therefore the Division must be prepared to respond to any identified deficiencies which may not be identified in the current park management plan.


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Park Resources Recommendations

● Park Boundary Survey and Fencing Currently, the Park’s boundaries are poorly defined and rely on older surveys of the property. The only parcel that has a recent survey is the land that was acquired in 2006. Portions of the east boundary of the Park property are not fenced, which is a problem particularly during hunting seasons. Park boundaries should be defined by surveys, fences, and signs in order to better control access. Complete a property survey. Install boundary fencing and signage.

● Botanical Inventory The Park encompasses 1,500 acres of land, of which little is known about the condition or species diversity of the landscape. In 2006, a contractor performing environmental compliance work did some natural resource inventories, but severe drought at the time impaired observations and left much inventory work incomplete. The Park’s goal is to identify and map plant species and plant communities on park land by conducting a multi-year study. Conduct a comprehensive botanical inventory of park property

Education and Interpretation Recommendations

● Interpretive Signs New interpretive signs are needed throughout the Park. This need was listed as a major item of concern needing attention in the most recent AZA accreditation inspection, which means it must be completed prior to the next application made for accreditation. The old signs are outdated with very small print, which is difficult to read and does not meet ADA or AZA standards. The first phase of replacing interpretive signs resulted in 75 signs being installed in early 2010, which was funded by a legislative appropriation. The second phase of interpretive signage, an additional 75 signs, will be funded by the federal Recreational Trails Program. Install phase 2 of interpretive signs.

● Interpretive Education Resources The interpretive education programs are in need of additional materials and supplies such as program specific kits and trunks which provide lesson plans with associated realia (props), and additional curriculum guides and other printed materials. The Park needs improved teacher curriculum guides with new curriculum for additional grade levels, as well as different topics and themes. Obtain additional educational supplies. Expand curriculum guides.


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● Interactive Displays Several of the interpretive displays are in need either of repair, cleaning, or maintenance. The bat echolocation interactive display is a valuable interpretive tool for visitors to learn how a bat navigates and forages for food. The display no longer operates as it was originally designed and is in need of repair. The interpretive kiosks in the visitor center need maintenance, cleaning, and repairs due to normal wear over the last 10 years. In the nocturnal exhibit, the cave structures need to be repaired where broken and worn. The ringtail cat exhibit needs to be redesigned to provide adequate space for the animals on exhibit. The lighted displays in the nocturnal exhibit need repair of the fiber optic system. Repair interactive exhibits.

● Brochure The Park brochure includes a map of the zoo and trail guide and needs to be updated to make it more visitor friendly. The brochure should also be available in Spanish for the Park’s many Spanish speaking visitors. Update zoo map and trail guide, create bilingual guide, and print 5,000 copies.


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Exhibit Facilities Recommendations

● Reptile House The existing reptile house is inadequate for the needs of the animals, the keepers, and the public. Due to the extensive changes needed, it is recommended that a new building be constructed to replace the existing structure. The size and configuration of the exhibits can be designed to best meet the habitat needs of the reptiles. The exhibits can also be designed so that it is easier for the public to see the animals. One of the complaints from visitors now is that the reflection on the glass makes it difficult to see into the exhibits. The handling areas can also be designed to best meet the needs of those employees that care for the reptiles. The safety concern with the current building is that the keepers do not have adequate space to safely handle the reptiles, some of which are venomous. The Division is seeking alternative sources of funding, including private donations, grants, etc. The illustrations to the right show a conceptual design of the proposed new reptile house. Seek funding and replace

the reptile house.


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● Javelina Exhibit A new solid roof is needed over the off-exhibit holding area to provide the javelinas with protection from inclement weather. Currently, only a fabric mesh covers the area which is insufficient shelter for the animals. In order to allow people with disabilities to be able to easily and safely see the javelina exhibit, improvements are needed that meet ADA standards. Install a solid roof over the javelina off-exhibit holding area. Add an ADA viewing area at the javelina exhibit.

● Exhibit Greenhouse Roof The greenhouse roof is in poor condition. The clear poly-carbonate panel roof is damaged from the intense desert sun. The roof has broken panels and areas where it is not sealed properly, resulting in leaks and further damage during rainstorms. The condition of the roof is not energy efficient, which wastes energy and increases the Park’s utility costs. The roof is more than 15 years old and was only warranted for 10 years. Replace the roof in the Exhibit Greenhouse

● Bolson Tortoise Exhibit A larger, permanent exhibit is needed for the Bolson tortoise hatchlings. The current exhibit is constructed of roofing panel with a wood frame and is buried in the ground about 2’. It has been in the ground for four summer seasons and is likely to rust and rot. Improve Bolson Tortoise hatchling exhibit.

● Aviary Exhibit The mesh roof of the walk-through aviary exhibit needs to be modified or replaced. The mesh roof should have smaller openings to prevent wild birds, predators, and other animals from entering the exhibit. A better roof will also help protect the birds from inclement weather. The pathway in the walk-through aviary is heavily damaged due to the growth of tree roots underneath the path. The uneven surface presents tripping hazards to visitors and impairs accessibility and ADA compliance. Modify aviary roof. Fix visitor pathway.

● Ringtail Exhibit This exhibit is inadequate in regards to keeper access, keeper safety, ventilation and animal holding. The ringtail exhibit needs to be improved with safer footing for the animal keepers, more useable space for the animals, the addition of an appropriate off-exhibit holding area, improved drainage to allow for adequate daily cleaning, the addition of substrate and improved ventilation. Improve the ringtail exhibit structure.


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● Bear Exhibit The black bear off-exhibit holding area needs to be expanded for the safety of the animal keepers and the bear, to allow more flexibility in moving an animal, to have adequate facilities for two bears, and to have adequate storage. The black bear exhibit itself needs to be renovated with adequate shade and air flow, adequate keeper access, bear access, an area to safely load/unload a bear in a crate, new substrate, and an automatic waterer. Improve the black bear off-exhibit area. Renovate the black bear exhibit.

● Hoofstock Exhibit The Division invested approximately $1.2 million in 2008 to reconfigure the hoofstock exhibit and construct barns for handling the hoofstock animals. This project focused on a non-exhibit portion of the zoo. To complete the hoofstock exhibit, remain in compliance with AZA, provide for animal comfort, and enhance the appearance of the exhibit, the following improvements are recommended. Install 8’ tall fence in the elk and old mule deer exhibits. Due to erosion many

parts of the fence are approximately five feet high. The minimum fence height requirement for AZA is eight feet.

Replace old dilapidated shade structures. In the elk exhibit, remove extensions of blue mesh. This extension is a safety

hazard for the animals and is no longer needed due to having a double barrier on the visitor’s side.

Add accessible see-through panels at exhibit viewing areas that are ADA compliant.

Reroute part of pronghorn barn service road to allow the stock trailer to be backed up to the barn. The trailer needs to be securely parked to load and unload animals.

Repair or replace trailer access stall door in both barns to improve the loading and unloading of animals.


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Park Facilities Recommendations

● Renovate Zoo Trail The main pathway through the zoo is in need of repair in many places because of the uneven surface. Since its construction, tree growth, erosion, and sub-grade utility maintenance have caused damage to the trail. This uneven surface presents potential tripping hazards as well as issues with ADA compliance. It also needs to be reconfigured to be universally accessible in as many areas as possible. This reconfiguration may not require the construction of new trail but rather a reconfiguration of traffic circulation routes within the trail system. Appropriate signage will also be needed to clearly identify the ADA accessible routes. This was a specific item of concern identified during a previous AZA inspection, thus it needs to be addressed prior to the next accreditation application in 2011. Complete an assessment of trail conditions and develop an improvement plan. Resurface, reconfigure, and sign the trail to ADA standards.

● New Comfort Station The Park does not have any public restrooms at the east end of the zoo. The public must use the restrooms in the visitor center or the restrooms near the bobcat exhibit (see map on page 25). The farthest point from a restroom is the deer exhibit, and from this point a park visitor must walk 3/10 mile to the nearest restroom (the visitor center restroom would be ½ mile). This can be a problem particularly for groups of young school children as well as seniors and those who have difficulty walking long distances. Other issues that have been raised are the need for more shaded areas of seating, as well as drinking fountains at the east end of the zoo – both of which are features that could be built into the design of a new comfort station. The recommended location for a new restroom is near the Prairie Dog Exhibit. There are several concerns with constructing a full-service restroom - the condition of the electrical supply, the lack of a septic system at this end of the Park, maintenance needs, and the additional water use. Installing a double vault toilet would adequately serve the need, be low maintenance and require no water. Install a double vault toilet at the east end of the Park.

● Visitor Center - Accessible Doors The entrance doors to the visitor center, nocturnal exhibit, exhibit greenhouse, and comfort station do not meet ADA requirements for universal accessibility. ADA accessibility is an item of concern that was raised by the AZA and must be addressed prior to the next accreditation application. Upgrade doors in all publicly accessible buildings to meet ADA standards.


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● Visitor Center - North Courtyard The North Courtyard is an open grassy area on the north side of the visitor center that is the site of various programs and events. The main attraction of the annual Mescal Roast and Mountain Spirit Dances is the Mescal Roast Dance, which now takes place in the North Courtyard. The area has no permanent seating and is of an insufficient capacity to meet the needs of this event. With some improvements, this area could better serve a variety of events and activities. It could also be designed to serve as an outdoor classroom for interpretive programs and large school groups. Redesign the north courtyard to serve as an outdoor classroom and better

accommodate special events and groups. ● Visitor Center Security The Division has a significant investment in the Park’s facilities and protection of these facilities as well as the animals in its care is needed. To that end a security system is needed for the visitor center, vet clinic, and other critical facilities and exhibits. The front entrance gates need to be replaced, which would also improve security. They are swinging chain-link gates that meet in the middle, are barely adequate and are not aesthetically pleasing. Install security system at selected facilities. Replace entrance gates.

● Grain Silo The grain silo is extremely old and has been patched numerous times. The silo is beginning to be structurally deficient and does not adequately shield stored grain from the elements. Since this silo is critical to the efficient feeding of the animals, replacement of this item should be a high priority. Replace the grain silo.

● Hay Storage Area The hay storage area is very old and is no longer providing sufficient protection for stored hay. If the hay is exposed to moisture via rainfall, it is ruined and no longer usable as animal feed. As hay is a critical component to feeding the animals and the Park spends significant amounts of its budget purchasing this product, it is important to protect this asset. Replace or improve and expand the hay storage area, and extend the roof over

the entire dock area to prevent reduced hay quality due to the elements.


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● Visitor Center Parking Area There are large cracks developing in the parking lot and over time this will become a major undertaking if not taken care of soon. One area directly in front of the entrance to the Visitor Center is low spot where rainwater pools and will remain for days. Parking lot drainage needs to be improved before resurfacing the parking lot. The wall at the parking lot entrance needs to be extended further to the north in order to screen the materials storage area and provide a more aesthetically pleasing entrance to the Park. The extension of the wall would also provide a visual barrier to conceal the Mexican Gray Wolf pens. New and improved signs are also needed to guide park visitors when entering and exiting the parking lot. Extend the front wall. Install directional signs. Improve parking lot drainage.

● Xeriscape and Replace Bermuda Grass When the Park was originally developed, large areas of Bermuda grass were planted to provide a manicured city park setting, which was typical of traditional zoos that featured animals from around the world. Today, one of the goals of the Park is to focus on the plants and animals adapted to live in the Chihuahuan Desert. Bermuda grass is not native to the Chihuahuan Desert and it requires more water and maintenance than native grasses. The maintenance of the Bermuda grass is a major burden on staff time and park resources. In addition to the strain on staff time spent mowing the grass; a tremendous amount of the Park budget is spent on water from the City of Carlsbad. A significant portion of all the water used at the Park is used to irrigate these lawns. The first step to conserve water is to simply discontinue watering the Bermuda grass, then to remove it. Replacing the Bermuda grass with species native to the local region that are adapted to the arid conditions will reduce maintenance and water needs. It will also provide additional opportunities for educating the public on xeriscaping and the diversity of local species. To further improve water conservation while establishing the new plants, the irrigation system will also need to be replaced with a modern automated and more efficient system. A landscape plan needs to be developed to identify methods for removing and controlling the Bermuda grass, what species the replacement plants will be, the configuration of the new irrigation system, and a phased plan for replacing specific areas of Bermuda grass. Discontinue watering areas of Bermuda grass to reduce impacts on park

resources.


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Develop a landscape design plan for the phased replacement of the Bermuda grass.

Install a new efficient irrigation system and plant native xeriscape plants. ● Waterfowl Pond The waterfowl pond is a large cement-lined pond. It is suspected that the existing pond liner is compromised and leaking water. The large surface area also leads to a loss of water from evaporation. In summer months, the pond continually needs to be replenished with water, and purchasing water from the City of Carlsbad is a substantial expenditure. It is not recommended that any additional investments be made to repair the pond as it is not considered appropriate to the Park’s mission and goals. Two of the Park’s goals are to 1) create integrated habitats that replicate recognized habitat zones of the Chihuahuan Desert, and 2) to further a comprehensive conservation message centered on the value of water. A water feature in the Park is a desirable habitat type to replicate, but it should be more typical of a desert environment – smaller and less water intensive. A proposal in the 2001 Master Plan was to replace the pond with a playa. A playa is a water feature characteristic of the Chihuahuan desert that would be more appropriate and would conserve water. Remove the waterfowl pond and replace with a new playa exhibit.

● Vet Clinic The vet clinic, which opened in 2003, is a building that consists of six rooms with various functions including the surgery room, x-ray room, surgery prep room, dark room for developing x-rays and quarantine areas. The water pressure in the building is inadequate and needs to be improved. This could be done by adding a stand-alone water pressure booster system. Increase the water pressure in the vet clinic.

● Drinking Fountains The existing drinking fountain at the comfort station at the southeast corner of the zoo is in need of replacement. Additional drinking fountains are needed throughout the zoo in order to provide drinking water for visitors. The new fountains should be located at strategic locations along the trail and main water line alignment (which coincides with the trail in many cases) to minimize the installation costs. All drinking fountain stations need to provide cold water year-round and be universally accessible (ADA). Repair or replace water fountain at the southwest comfort station. Install new drinking fountains along the zoo trail.

● Utility System Repairs The current water delivery system within the Park consists of asbestos cement pipe that runs under the trails. While not inherently dangerous to the drinking water user, the primary concern with this material is the potential health issues for workers when performing maintenance on the system. A significant portion of this system was replaced during the installation of the hoofstock barns. This replacement should continue as


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needed to provide for a more easily maintained water system. Barring the replacement of the system, maintenance workers on the water line should maintain caution considering the material the water line is constructed from. Additionally, the Park’s electrical system is in need of repair. As improvements are made in the eastern area of the Park, the main electrical feeds to this area should be improved to provide adequate electrical supply. No specific action is being proposed, however such improvements may be integrated with other proposed projects.

Management Recommendations

● Energy Efficiency Plan Improving energy efficiency will decrease utility costs and conserve energy. Energy efficiency experts should be enlisted to perform an energy audit to determine inefficient energy uses and develop an overall energy efficiency plan for the Park. Complete an energy efficiency plan.

● Staffing The long-term goal is to increase the number of staff to better meet the mission and goals of the Park and more effectively serve park visitors, thus increasing visitation and revenue. It is unlikely that the funding will become available within the next five years, or that new positions will be approved when there has been a hiring freeze during 2010 and 2011. The Park should investigate opportunities for partnerships with non-profit organizations to fund an additional position that would supplement park staff. The Park’s maintenance supervisor position should be evaluated for a potential upgrade to better meet the responsibilities and skills of the position. Evaluate upgrading the maintenance supervisor position. Investigate opportunities for partnerships to fund an additional staff position.

● Oil and Gas Guidelines Division guidelines regarding future oil and gas development within park boundaries are needed. Eddy County is a very active oil and gas area, and the Division does not own the mineral rights beneath the Park (see maps in Appendix E). Occasionally the owner of the mineral rights desires to drill a well to develop those rights. The Division needs a set of guidelines on how the Division will approach the developer on the construction of wells and access roads within park boundaries. The guidelines also need to address the desire on the part of the Division for the rehabilitation of an area to ensure that there is minimal impact to park lands and resources. Develop guidelines for oil and gas exploration in state parks

● Agreements for Water Tank and Communication Towers There are four communication towers and a large water storage tank on park property. Each of the four towers has a separate written agreement; however two have expired and need to be renewed. The City owns and operates the water tank, which is located


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next to the towers. A written agreement is needed between the City and the Division regarding the water tank. Renew communication tower agreements. Establish an agreement with the City for the water tank.

● Inmate Program At current staffing levels the Park greatly benefits from the manpower provided by this program. The Park currently receives inmate labor 16 weeks per year. They perform maintenance tasks and supplement staff capabilities. Expanding this to a year-round program will greatly benefit the Park. Fully fund the inmate program for year-round work.

Long-Term Issues

The following projects are unlikely to be completed in the next five years, due to limited funding and higher priorities. These issues should be considered during the next planning process. ● Empty Exhibits There are several empty exhibits that need to be improved in order to serve as adequate animal habitats. The specific renovations needed for each exhibit will depend on the selected animals, as well as the condition of the existing exhibit. Renovating empty exhibits may include the following improvements: shelter from inclement weather; mesh around perimeter to prevent entry of predators; animal holding areas; improved keeper access areas; surfacing; heat sources; electricity and water; and double barriers at the front of the exhibits. The number and type of necessary improvements will determine the cost of renovations, which will vary with each exhibit. Which animals are proposed for acquisition is detailed in the “Institutional Collection Plan” (ICP). The ICP determines the proposed animals based on a set of criteria that determines priorities according to the Park’s mission and goals. The criteria include theme compatibility, conservation and educational value, availability of appropriate housing facilities, and availability of the animal. Other factors taken into consideration are the Park’s current resources and capacity for caring for additional animals. Due to budget and staffing limitations, renovating the empty exhibits is to be postponed and reconsidered during the next planning period. Until that time, the empty exhibits could be modified so that they do not appear as exhibits, but better blend with the landscape. ● Maintenance Shop The original maintenance shop was converted many years ago into a greenhouse for the “Succulents of the World” exhibit. Since it was not originally designed as a greenhouse, the conditions are not optimal as an effective and efficient greenhouse. The receiving building that is used as both a maintenance shop and vehicle storage area is inadequate to serve the needs of the Park. At some point in the future, a new maintenance shop


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needs to be built that has a covered vehicle bay for vehicles and equipment. An alternative would be to renovate the old greenhouse to serve as a maintenance shop and garage as it was originally intended. This would require the addition of a new exhibit greenhouse. ● Park Trail System The focus of the Park is on visiting the zoo; however the Division owns 1500 acres of land beyond the zoo perimeter. There is the potential to develop a recreational trail system throughout the undeveloped areas of the Park. While this would be a desirable addition to the Park for both the Division and the community, it is felt that due to the overwhelming needs outlined above, it will not be possible for the Division to construct a new trail system during this planning period. The priority projects must be those that support the animals and meet the AZA accreditation standards. Therefore at this time, the development of a recreational trail system will be considered a long-term goal to be reevaluated during the next five-year planning cycle. ● Jaguar Exhibit The addition of a jaguar exhibit was detailed in the Master Plan and is addressed in the Institutional Collection Plan. ● Aviary Exhibits There are nine separate outdoor exhibits that are part of the aviary exhibit. There is a need to replace or improve these exhibits. Improvements may include larger spaces, mesh with smaller openings, larger keeper access areas, more appropriate entry doors, built-in heat sources, and more appropriate double barriers. ● Nocturnal Exhibit Roof The roof of the nocturnal exhibit building is in need of replacement. ● Outdoor Classrooms Identify the location for several new outdoor classrooms throughout the Park that would serve as small gathering areas or amphitheaters for school groups. By providing sites throughout the Park, multiple places would be available for the delivery of educational programming to school groups. Currently, there are few good places within the zoo to gather school groups for larger discussions about educational elements of the zoo. It may be possible to develop these sites concurrently with other park improvements. The proposed North Courtyard improvements would also provide additional outdoor classroom space. ● Visitor Center – Office Space The visitor center administrative space has remained unchanged since its construction in 1971. Meanwhile, the number of Park employees has grown to 14 employees. In addition to the full-time staff, the Park also has volunteers that need a place to store materials and personal items while working at the Park. Additional office space is needed


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not only for staff and volunteers, but also for record storage, a reference library, and office equipment and supplies. At the same time, it would also be beneficial to remodel the kitchen. ● Cultural Zone In order to improve the annual Mescal Roast and Mountain Spirit Dances event, the addition of a Cultural Zone/Mescalero Apache village site is proposed in a narrow neck of land near the lower comfort station. ● Group Picnic Area The picnic area near the desert pond is used daily by park visitors as well as by those who rent the facility for after-hours events. In order for it to better serve those who rent the facility, it is recommended that the group picnic area be enhanced by improving the lighting and making it more inviting for use.


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ACTION PLAN

Program Area Task Cost Estimate Project Lead Funding

Year 1

Education New interpretive signs, Phase 2 $118,000 FO-DD RTP

Education Obtain educational supplies. TBD Park AOB, PVT

Education Repair interactive exhibits. $50,000 FO-DD CIP

Exhibits Seek funding for construction of a new reptile house.

$0 Park, SFO

Exhibits Replace javelina exhibit holding area roof. $15,000 FO-DD CIP

Exhibits Replace elk exhibit fence. $20,000 FO-DD CIP

Facilities Upgrade doors to be ADA compliant (visitor center, nocturnal exhibit, lower comfort station and exhibit greenhouse).

$30,000 FO-DD CIP

Facilities Install security system for visitor center and main security gates, replace front gates.

$25,000 FO-DD CIP

Facilities Install water pressure pump at vet clinic. $2,000 Park CIP

Management Draft oil and gas policy. $0 Park AOB

Management Develop energy efficiency plan. $2,500 Park CIP

Year 2

Education Expand curriculum guides TBD Park AOB

Education Update park brochure and map. $0 Park, SFO

Education Obtain educational supplies. TBD Park-SFO AOB, PVT

Exhibits Construct new reptile house with comfort station.

$1,000,000 FO-DD PVT, CIP

Exhibits Improve javelina exhibit for ADA viewing. $20,000 FO-DD CIP

Facilities Replace grain silo. $50,000 Park, FO-DD CIP


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Facilities Improve hay storage area. $75,000 Park, FO-DD CIP

Facilities Develop a landscape design plan for replacing the Bermuda grass.

$0 FO-DD

Facilities Install accessible drinking fountains. $4,000 Park FO-DD

Facilities Renovate zoo trail. $200,000 FO-DD RTP, CIP

Facilities Install double vault toilet at east end of Park.

$50,000 FO-DD CIP

Year 3


Exhibits Renovate ringtail exhibit. $150,000 FO-DD CIP

Exhibits Improve Bolson tortoise hatchling exhibit. $30,000 Park PVT, AOB, CIP

Exhibits Replace exhibit greenhouse roof. $100,000 FO-DD

Facilities Renovate parking lot (drainage and directional signs).

$50,000 FO-DD CIP

Facilities Replace bermuda grass and irrigation system.

$100,000 Park-FO-DD CIP, AOB

Facilities Renovate visitor center north courtyard. $75,000 FO-DD CIP

Year 4


Resources Botanical inventory. TBD Park-SFO AOB

Exhibits Renovate black bear exhibit $300,000 FO-DD CIP

Exhibits Rebuild aviary roof. $200,000 FO-DD CIP

Exhibits Remove waterfowl pond and construct playa exhibit.

$2,000,000 FO-DD CIP


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Year 5


Resources Property survey and fencing. $100,000 FO-DD CIP

Exhibits Replace aviary exhibit pathway. $50,000 FO-DD CIP

Exhibits Complete hoofstock improvements (shade structures, mesh barrier, ADA panels).

$75,000 FO-DD CIP

Facilities Extend front wall at parking lot entry. $30,000 FO-DD CIP

Project lead The project lead is the entity that would be responsible for initiating and implementing the project. Support from others may be essential to project completion. Park: Park Superintendent and staff Regional: Regional staff, State Parks Division regional office in Carlsbad. SFO: State Parks Division Santa Fe Office AD: Administration, Santa Fe Office, State Parks Division FO: Field Operations, Santa Fe Office, State Parks Division FO-DD: Design & Development, Santa Fe Office, State Parks Division FO-BLE: Boating and Law Enforcement, Santa Fe Office, State Parks Division Funding: AOB: the Division’s annual operating budget CIP: Capital Improvement Program, administered by the Division’s Design and Development Bureau. CIP funds may be state, federal, or grant funds. TBD: to be determined RTP: Federal Recreation Trails Program or other trails funding administered by the Division PVT: private sector, volunteers, grants, etc.


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Acronyms ADA Americans with Disabilities Act AZA Association of Zoo and Aquariums CIP Capital Improvement Program EMNRD New Mexico Energy, Mineral, and Natural Resources Department FTE Full-time equivalent employee EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency HVAC Heating, ventilation, and cooling systems ISIS International Species Information System FY Fiscal year LDZGSP Living Desert Zoo and Gardens State Park NMED New Mexico Environment Department NMDA New Mexico Department of Agriculture NMDGF New Mexico Department of Game and Fish PVT Private sector, Volunteers, Friends Groups SPD New Mexico State Parks Division TBD To be determined RTP Recreation Trails Program, Federal Highway Administration USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture USFS U.S. Forest Service USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

References Association of Zoos and Aquariums. 2011. <www.aza.org>. New Mexico State Parks. 2009. Living Desert Zoo & Gardens State Park Institutional Collection Plan. New Mexico State Parks. 2007. Living Desert Zoo & Gardens State Park Interpretive Sign Plan. By Taylor Studios. New Mexico State Parks. 2001. Living Desert Zoo & Gardens State Park Master Plan. By Nims, Calvani and Associates. New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology. Geologic Tour: Living Desert Zoo and Gardens State Park. Modified from McLemore, V.T., 2001, Living Desert Zoo and Gardens State Park: New Mexico Geology, v. 23, p. 42-50. <http://geoinfo.nmt.edu/tour/state/living_desert/home.html> U.S. Census Bureau. 2010. <http://factfinder.census.gov>.


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APPENDIX

Appendix A: Rules Appendix B: Chronological List of Events Appendix C: Staff Organizational Chart Appendix D: Park Project Form Appendix E: Maps of Oil & Gas Leases

Appendix A: Rules Statutes, Rules, and Policies The following statutes, rules and regulations, or policies may apply to the operations, management, and development of New Mexico State Parks. This is only a listing of selected statutes, rules, and policies and not a comprehensive list of all statutes, rules, or policies that may apply to the Park. Energy, Minerals and Natural Resources Department, Policy and Procedures Manual New Mexico State Parks Division, State Parks Policy and Procedures Manual State Rules New Mexico Statutes (NMSA 1978) <http://www.conwaygreene.com/nmsu/lpext.dll?f=templates&fn=main-hit-h.htm&2.0> Chapter 16, Article 2: State Parks Division Chapter 18, Article 6: Cultural Properties Act Chapter 66, Article 12: Boating Act New Mexico Administrative Code (NMAC) <http://www.nmcpr.state.nm.us/nmac/> Title 4, Chapter 10: Cultural Properties and Historic Preservation Title 19, Chapter 5: State Parks and Recreation Title 19, Chapter 33: Endangered and Protected Species Title 19, Chapter 35: Captive Wildlife Uses Federal Acts National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA) Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) USDA Animal Welfare Act, 7 U.S.C., 2131-2159 USFWS Migratory Bird Act, 16 U.S.C. 703-712 USFWS Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act, 16 U.S.C. 668

Appendix B: Living Desert Zoo and Gardens State Park - Chronological List of Events

November 1965 Formal proposal for a Zoological Park submitted to the State

Planning Commission by the Carlsbad Development Committee of the Chamber of Commerce.

March 1967 Planning begun by the State Park Commission. February 1968 Legislation passed to begin construction of the Park. September 1968 Construction begun on Phase I which included: The Entry Building,

Service Area/Receiving Building, Parking Lot, Ornamental Pools, Nocturnal Exhibit, Prairie Dog Exhibit, Duck Pond, Otter Pond, Restrooms and Overlook structure, Succulent Pavilion, and the Large Animal Exhibits and Shelter.

June 1971 Park opening and formal dedication. June 1972 The City of Carlsbad begins operating the Park under a joint powers

agreement with the State Parks Commission. September 1973 Phase II construction begins, consisting of: the Aviary Exhibit and

adjacent pool, Hoofed Stock Exhibits, Bear and Reptile Exhibits, and several rest shelters and overlooks.

June 1978 Master Plan Report completed. July 1978 State Park Commission again assumes operation of the Park. February 1979 Master Plan Report approved by the State Legislature. June 1982 Completion of major construction project consisting of: the Sand

Dunes Exhibit, the Gypsum Hills Exhibit, and Desert Uplands Exhibit, the Arroyo System/Javelina Exhibit, and renovation of 3 more Nocturnal exhibits.

March 1987 Completion of the Wolf/Bear exhibit area. June 1994 Animal Commissary Building completed February 1996 All restroom facilities renovated to meet ADA

May 1997 Visitor Center renovation, to a comprehensive interpretive center,

completed June 2000 Nocturnal exhibit renovation completed and exhibit opened to the

public March 2002 Received AZA Accreditation May 2002 Master Plan to be updated by original author, Jones and Jones July 2002 Five-year Management Plan approved after public input process

completed July 2002 The Park receives Carlsbad Chamber of Commerce, Business of the

Year Award October 2002 New Mountain Lion and Bobcat exhibit opened to the public December 2002 The Park receives Energy, Minerals and Natural Resources

Department Distinguished Service Award, for 2002, for reaching the goal of obtaining AZA Accreditation

April 2003 Vet Clinic constructed and ready for use May 2004 Park Fees increase to $5 for adults and $3 for children 7-12 years February 2005 El Patron, the Park’s famous black bear, is remembered in

memorial service July 2005 Rescued black bear “Maggie” arrives at the Park January 2006 The Division purchases 404 acres of adjacent land, $443,000 March 2006 Parking lot re-surfaced April 2006 Visitor Center and Animal Commissary HVAC replaced, $80,000 May 2006 The Park holds 20th annual Mescal Roast and Mountain Spirit

Dances May 2006 Team assessment for new five-year management plan held, plan in

process of being developed

June 2006 Visitor Center and Lower Comfort Station roof replaced with insulated energy saving roof, $125,000

July 2006 Capitol Improvement Project, Hoof Stock Renovation project

started, with major in-kind dirt work and utilities extension done in-house

August 2006 AZA Accreditation Application submitted for March 2007

consideration March 2007 Accreditation Application approved by AZA Accreditation

Commission until 2012 November 2008 Hoof Stock Renovation with Hoof Stock Visitor Viewing Set Back

project completed, $1.2 million April 2009 Off Exhibit Mexican Wolf Holding project completed. January 2010 Phase One Interpretive Sign project completed, 75 signs installed April 2010 Badger exhibit remodel completed

Appendix C: Staff Organizational Chart

Appendix D: Park Project Form

New Mexico State Parks

PARK PROJECT REQUESTS A Park Project Request (PPR) form must be submitted when new construction or physical alterations are made to the Park or its facilities. Projects meeting this criterion also include YCC, Inmate, or Grant (e.g. energy, Trails) The PPR forms should be submitted for projects that are expected to be completed within a fiscal year or noted if otherwise. The PPR forms are to be completed by the Park Manager or Superintendent and be submitted, wherever possible, one month prior to anticipated start date. COMPLETE THE PPR FORM Park Manager or Superintendent (PM/S) is responsible for the following areas:

1. Date submitted should reflect the day that the form is forwarded to the Regional Manager.

2. Park name. 3. Project name. 4. Management Plan page number of proposed project (if in effect). 5. Project scope must include plan details and drawings and site designation of

planned project. (To avoid delay, be as complete as possible with all details.) 6. Material and costs must be complete – estimates are okay. 7. Funding source must include budget, center number, and line item. 8. Estimated start date should be at least one month from the date submitted to the

Regional Manager (RM). 9. Completion date should be filled in at end of project and copy of form should be

sent to the Park Projects Process Manager (PPPM) in Santa Fe. Regional Manager must review form and insure project clarity and details; sign and forward to Santa Fe. Forward to Santa Fe only if all the above is complete and all needed drawings, site plans, and budget identification, etc. are attached. RM should verify with the Design and Development Bureau (D&D) capital improvement money. Otherwise inform or return to PM/S for correct and complete information. If disapproved return to Park with comments and initial. Project Process Manager reviews PPR form and tracks it through the approval process until all signatures are recorded and approval or disapproval is noted along with comments. Copy of form is returned to Park if approved; original and attachments are returned to Park if not approved.

Park Projects Process Manager will:

1. Record date received in Santa Fe. 2. Assign project number if project is approved. 3. Enter project in database and tracks progress. 4. Provide quarterly reports to Field Operations Directors (FOD) and RM, and make

requested changes and progress as reported. 5. Record date returned to Park – usually included with Friday mail. 6. Record project completion date. 7. Maintain files that contain original requests with signatures and attachments.

Design and Development Bureau (D&D) reviews project for adherence to management plan, master plan, architectural and design components, and ADA compliance. D&D also evaluates project as part of overall park development. Projects involving boating facilities or boating budget will also be forwarded to the Boating Bureau. Boating Bureau will review for adherence to management plans, five-year plans, and budget. Cultural Resources staff reviews all projects to assure compliance with federal and state cultural resource laws. Natural Resources staff reviews projects to minimize adverse impacts to the natural resources. Field Operations Director I reviews all projects for accuracy and for its relation to the management plan for the park or to review as a project necessary for the improved operation of the park and visitor services. Field Operations Director II has final approval for projects in each park assuring that the goals and policies of the Division are maintained as changes are made to facilities management and construction. All reviewers may make comments relating to the projects in the comment section and these are all forwarded to the park manager. Any reviewer may also call the park directly for clarification or additional information on the project. Information concerning the status of the park project approval process should be directed to the PPM. Modifications made by any park manager or division staff must be submitted on a project request form and processed in the above manner. 5/12/09

year park project #Park:

In this project in an approved management plan? NO

Project Scope: (Attach narrative with plans and drawings)

TOTAL:

$

$

Signature Authorities: Date: Approve Disapprove See Comment

By(Initial)[ ][ ][ ][ ][ ][ ][ ][ ][ ]

(Description:) (Cost: $) (Description:) (Cost: $)

(Cost: $) (Description:) (Cost: $)

Cultural/Natl. Recs.

Comments:

Deputy Director

Field Operations

Center #

Planning & Design

(Return form when projects is completed)Estimated Start Date: Project Completion Date:

Project Process Mgr.

Regional Manager

Park Manager/Supt.

- This area for signatures only -

THIS SECTION MUST BE COMPLETED

Name funding source ( I.E.> Region budget, Park Budget, Boating, YCC, Inmate):

Center #

(Description:) (Description:) (Cost: $)

Project Name:

New Mexico State Parks Division

(Cost: $)Material & Cost Projections (including "in-kind" & donated)

Date Received in SFO: Date returned to Park:PARK PROJECTS

See attached drawings

Date submitted: *Project #:

Appendix E: Maps of Oil & Gas Leases

m p 2011 - new mexico - energy, minerals and natural ... desert zoo and gardens state park...

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