lysosomes the cell’s recycling centers. lysosome structure membrane-bound membrane-bound contains...
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LysosomesLysosomes
The cell’s recycling centersThe cell’s recycling centers
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LysosomeLysosomeStructureStructure Membrane-boundMembrane-bound Contains powerful digestive enzymesContains powerful digestive enzymes
If membrane broke open, enzymes would destroy cellIf membrane broke open, enzymes would destroy cell SizeSize
0.05 to 0.5 micrometers in diameter0.05 to 0.5 micrometers in diameter Proteins embedded in membrane Proteins embedded in membrane
protect activity of enzymes by regulating internal acidityprotect activity of enzymes by regulating internal acidity Transport digested materials away from lysosomeTransport digested materials away from lysosome
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Lysosome Structure (cont.)Lysosome Structure (cont.)
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Lysosome ProductionLysosome Production
Enzymes made in rough endoplasmic Enzymes made in rough endoplasmic reticulumreticulum Hydrolytic enzymesHydrolytic enzymes
Enzymes delivered to Golgi apparatus via Enzymes delivered to Golgi apparatus via transport vesiclestransport vesicles Sacs formed by rough ERSacs formed by rough ER
Golgi apparatus processes enzymesGolgi apparatus processes enzymes Lysosomes bud from Golgi apparatus w/ Lysosomes bud from Golgi apparatus w/
enzymes insideenzymes inside
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Lysosome Production (cont.)Lysosome Production (cont.)
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Lysosome FunctionLysosome Function
Newly formed lysosomes can perform one Newly formed lysosomes can perform one of three tasksof three tasks EndocytosisEndocytosis PhagocytosisPhagocytosis AutophagocytosisAutophagocytosis
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EndocytosisEndocytosis EndocytosisEndocytosis
Cell membrane surrounds large nutritional Cell membrane surrounds large nutritional molecule, forming an endosomemolecule, forming an endosome
Complex lipidsComplex lipids PolysaccharidesPolysaccharides Nucleic acidsNucleic acids ProteinsProteins
Lysosome fuses with endosome, delivering Lysosome fuses with endosome, delivering enzymes needed to break down moleculesenzymes needed to break down molecules
Broken-down molecules delivered to Broken-down molecules delivered to cytoplasm by membrane proteins for later usecytoplasm by membrane proteins for later use
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Endocytosis (cont.)Endocytosis (cont.)
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PhagocytosisPhagocytosis
PhagocytosisPhagocytosis Cell membrane surrounds disease-causing Cell membrane surrounds disease-causing
bacteria or large object, forming phagosomebacteria or large object, forming phagosome Lysosome joins with phagosome, breaking Lysosome joins with phagosome, breaking
down the object or bacteria with enzymesdown the object or bacteria with enzymes
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Phagocytosis (cont.)Phagocytosis (cont.)
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AutophagocytosisAutophagocytosis
AutophagocytosisAutophagocytosis ER wraps around spent cell structure, forming ER wraps around spent cell structure, forming
autophagosomeautophagosome i.e. mitochondrioni.e. mitochondrion
Lysosome joins autophagosome, destroys Lysosome joins autophagosome, destroys structure, delivers products to cytoplasmstructure, delivers products to cytoplasm
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Autophagocytosis (cont.)Autophagocytosis (cont.)
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VacuolesVacuoles
Found within plant cellsFound within plant cells Classified by some scientists as large lysosomesClassified by some scientists as large lysosomes Much larger than other lysosomesMuch larger than other lysosomes
20 µm20 µm Membrane-boundMembrane-bound Maintain Maintain turgorturgor, or water pressure, inside cell , or water pressure, inside cell
to prevent wiltingto prevent wilting Storage for nutrients, pigments, and harmful Storage for nutrients, pigments, and harmful
materials (opium, rubber) used to deter materials (opium, rubber) used to deter predators predators
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Vacuoles (cont.)Vacuoles (cont.)