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8th Grade Science Pacing Guide 2013-2014 Lynchburg City Schools Curriculum framework Life Science

Curriculum Framework Physical Science

1ST 9 WEEKS (8/26-10/25) SOL Enabling Objective: Description Text Recommended

Activities (e.g., applets, ESS, labs) # days to teach

Begin gathering data the 1st day of school! DO NOT FEEL BOUND TO THE TEXT BOOK!.......... PLEASE USE ONLINE RESOURCES, APPLETS, & HANDS-ON ACTIVITIES 44 days

2nd day of school PRE-TEST (for Teacher Evaluation & School Improvement—create short 1 day test of essential skills) 1 day

The Nature of Science

PS.1a-n The students will demonstrate an understanding of scientific reasoning, logic and the nature of science by planning and conducting investigations in which

a) Chemicals and equipment are used safely b) Length, mass, volume, density, temperature, weight, and

force are accurately measured c) Conversions are made among metric units, applying

appropriate prefixes d) Triple beam and electronic balances, thermometers,

metric rulers, graduated cylinders, probeware, and spring scales are used to gather data

e) Numbers are expressed in scientific notation where appropriate

f) Independent and dependent variables, constants, controls, and repeated trials are identified

g) Data tables showing the independent and dependent variables, derived quantities, and the number of trials are constructed and interpreted

h) Data tables for descriptive statistics showing specific measures of central tendency, the range of data set, and the number

1-1, 1-2

Lab Safety Tutorial

Create a Graph

Density Simulation

Metric Mania Lesson Plans and Activities

10 days

2

i) Frequency distributions, scatterplots, line plots, and histograms are constructed and interpreted

j) Valid conclusions are made after analyzing data k) Research methods are used to investigate practical

problems and questions l) Experimental results are presented in appropriate written

form m) Models and simulations are constructed and used to

illustrate and explain phenomena n) Current applications of physical science concepts are used

6.4a-g

PS.4abc

Atomic Structure and Periodic Table

The student will investigate and understand that all matter is made up of atoms. Key concepts include

a) Atoms consist of particles, including electrons, protons and neutrons

b) Atoms of a particular element are alike but are different from atoms of another element

c) Elements may be represented by chemical symbols d) Two or more atoms interact to form new substances,

which are held together by electrical forces (bonds) e) Compounds may be represented by chemical formulas f) Chemical equations can be used to model chemical

changes g) A limited number of elements comprise the largest

portion of the solid Earth, living matter, the oceans, and the atmosphere.

The students will investigate and understand the organization and use of the periodic table of elements to obtain information. Key concepts include: a) Symbols, atomic numbers, atomic mass, chemical families (groups), and periods b) Classification of elements as metals, metalloids, and nonmetals; and c) formation of compounds through ionic and covalent bonding.

Interactive Periodic Table

Building Atoms

Building Molecules - Basics

Build Molecules - Advanced

10 days

3

States of Matter

PS.2a-f

PS.7b

The students will investigate and understand the nature of matter. Key concepts include: a) The particle theory of matter b) Elements, compounds, mixtures, acids, bases, and salts c) Solids, liquids, and gases d) physical properties e) chemical properties f) characteristics of types of matter based on physical and chemical properties.

The students will investigate and understand temperature scales, heat, and thermal energy transfer. Key concepts include: b) Phase change, freezing point, melting point, boiling point, vaporization, and condensation.

22-1, 22-2, 22-3

States of Matter Simulation States of Matter (particle compression)

5 days

Properties and Changes of Matter

PS.2cdef

PS.5ac

The students will investigate and understand the basic nature of matter. Key concepts include:

c) Solids, liquids, and gases d) Physical properties e) Chemical properties f) Characteristics of types of matter based on physical and chemical properties

The students will investigate and understand changes in matter and the relationship of these changes to the Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy. Key concepts include: a) Physical changes; and c) Chemical changes

20-1, 20-2

Changes and Reactions Activities

Chemistry Lesson Plans and Activities

Balancing Equations Tutorial

Balancing Chemical Equations

Jefferson Lab Balancing Equations

5 days

4

Substances, Mixtures, and Solubility

PS.2abcdef The students will investigate the basic nature of matter. Key concepts include: a) The particle theory of matter b) Elements, compounds, mixtures, acids, bases, and salts c) Solids, liquids, and gases d) Characteristics of types of matter based on physical and chemical properties e) Physical properties (shape, density, solubility, odor, melting point, boiling point, and color); and f) Chemical properties (acidity, bases, combustibility, reactivity).

21-1, 21-2, 21-3

Solubility Simulation

Testing pH Interactive

pH Simulation

10 days

FLEX days/Remediation 3 days

Reflection Notes:

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2ND 9 WEEKS (10/29-1/17)

SOL Enabling Objective: Description Text Recommended Activities (e.g., applets, ESS, labs)

# days to

teach 45 days

Life Structure and Classification

LS.2abc

LS.3a

The students will investigate and understand that all living things are composed of cells. Key concepts include: a) cell structure and organelles b) similarities between plant and animal cells c) development of cell theory The students will investigate and understand that living things show patterns of cellular organization. Key concepts include: a) Cells, tissues, organs, and systems.

8-1, 8-2, 8-3

Cell Terms Matching Games 3D Cell Interactive Interactive Cell with Games and Quizzes

7 days

Cell Processes

LS.3b

LS.5abc

The students will investigate and understand that living things show patterns of cellular organization. Key concepts include: b) patterns of cellular organization and their relationship to life processes in living things

The students will investigate and understand the basic physical and chemical processes of photosynthesis and its importance to plant and animal life. Key concepts include: a) Energy transfer between sunlight and chlorophyll; and b) Transformation of water and carbon dioxide into sugar and oxygen. c) photosynthesis as the foundation of virtually all food webs

9-1, 9-2

Cells Alive! Photosynthesis Simulation + Lab Worksheet

5 days

6

LS.2d

LS.12ab

Cellular Reproduction

The students will investigate and understand that all living things are composed of cells. Key concepts include: c) Cell division.

The students will investigate and understand that organisms reproduce and transmit genetic information to new generations. Key concepts include: a) The structure and role of DNA b) The functions of genes and chromosomes

10-1, 10-2, 10-3

Interactive Crossword on Cellular Reproduction Cells Alive: Mitosis Tour of the Basics Genetics

Building a DNA Molecule Virtual Activity

Virtual Cheek Cell DNA extraction

8 days

LS.12a-f

LS.13abc

Heredity

The students will investigate and understand that organisms reproduce and transmit genetic information to new generations. Key concepts include: a) The structure and role of DNA b) The functions of genes and chromosomes c) genotypes and phenotypes d) characteristics that can and cannot be inherited e) genetic engineering and its applications f) historical contributions and significance of discoveries related to genetics

Adaptations Over Time

The students will investigate and understand that populations of organisms change over time. Key concepts include:

11-1, 11-2, 11-3

12-1, 12-2

Genetics Websites and Activities

Punnett Square Practice

Introduction to the Fossil Record

Walking With Beasts Fossil Activity

8 days

5 days

a) The relationships of mutation, adaptation, natural selection, and extinction b) Evidence of evolution of different species in the fossil record;

Switcheroozoo - Exploring Adaptations

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c) How environmental influences, as well as genetic variation, can lead to diversity of organisms.

Interactions of Living Things

LS.6abd

LS.7

LS.8

The students will investigate and understand that organisms within an ecosystem are dependent on one another and on nonliving components of the environment. Key concepts include:

a) The carbon, water, and nitrogen cycles b) Interactions resulting in a flow of energy and matter

throughout the system d) Energy flow in food webs and energy pyramids.

The students will investigate and understand interactions among populations in a biological community. Key concepts include:

a) Competition, cooperation, social hierarchy, territorial imperative; and b) Influence or behavior on a population The students will investigate and understand interactions among populations in a biological community. Key concepts include:

a) The relationship among producers, consumers, and decomposers in a food web b) The relationship of predators and prey c) Competition and cooperation d) Symbiotic relationships; and e) Niches

18-1, 18-2, 18-3 Evolution Concentration Game

Natural Selection Simulator

Building a Habitat

Biomes of the World

The Food Chain

Exploring Food Webs

Dissecting Owl Pellets

8 days

FLEX days/Remediation 4 days

Reflection Notes:

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3RD 9 WEEKS (1/22-3/28)

SOL Enabling Objective: Description Text Recommended Activities (e.g., applets, ESS, labs)

# days to

teach

48 days

6.8a-i

Earth in Space

The student will investigate and understand the organization of the solar system and the interactions among the various bodies that comprise it. Key concepts include:

7-1, 7-2, 7-3

NASA Official Site

Space Interactive Crossword Puzzle

7 days

a) The sun, moon, Earth, other planets and their moons, dwarf planets, meteors, asteroids, and comets b) Relative size of and distance between planets c) the role of gravity d) Revolution and rotation e) The mechanics of day and night and the phases of the moon f) The unique properties of Earth as a planet g) The relationship of the Earth’s tilt and the seasons h) the cause of tides i) the history and technology of space exploration

Moon Phases and Eclipses Solar System Simulator

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6.6a-f

Weather

The student will investigate and understand the properties of air and the structure and dynamics of the Earth’s atmosphere. Key concepts include: a) Air as a mixture of gaseous elements and compounds b) pressure, temperature, and humidity c) atmospheric changes with altitude d) Natural and human-caused changes to the atmosphere and the importance of protecting and maintaining air quality e) The relationship of atmospheric measures and weather conditions f) Basic information from weather maps including fronts, systems, and basic measurements; and

4-1, 5-1, 5-2

The Greenhouse Effect Simulation Edheads Weather Activities

Web Weather for Kids

Weather Wiz Kids

Investigation - Explore Climate Conditions

Comparing and Contrasting Cold and Warm Fronts

Weather Power Points and Teaching Aids

The Futures Channel: Weather Videos

7 days

PS.10a

Motion and Momentum

The student will investigate and understand scientific principles of work, force, and motion. Key concepts include:

a) Speed, velocity, and acceleration.

1-1, 1-2, 1-3 (Motion, Forces, & Energy Textbook)

All About Force

Balanced and Unbalanced Forces Interactive

The Moving Man: Acceleration and Velocity Simulator

6 days

PS.10b

Newton’s Laws of Motion

The student will investigate and understand the scientific principles of work, force, and motion. Key concepts include:

b) Newton’s laws of motion.

2-1, 2-2, 2-3 (Motion, Forces, & Energy Textbook)

Newton's Cradle Simulator Laws of Motion Information and Animations

Laws of Motion: Labs, Animations, and Videos

Laws of Motion: Matching Games and Quizzes

5 days

10

Energy

PS.6ab The student will investigate and understand forms of energy and how energy is transferred and transformed. Key concepts include:

a) Potential and kinetic energy; and b) Mechanical, chemical, and electrical energy, thermal, radiant, and nuclear energy.

5-1, 5-2, 5-3

(Motion, Forces, & Energy Textbook)

Skate Park Simulation: Investigating Energy!

Energy Matching Games and Quizzes

Energy Games

5 days

6.2cd

Energy Resources The student will investigate and understand basic sources of energy, their origins, transformations and uses.

c) nonrenewable energy sources; d) renewable energy sources

Energy Sources Game Renewable & Nonrenewable Energy Game Energy Kids: Games and Activities Power Up: Power Your City

3 days

PS.7acd

Thermal Energy

The student will investigate and understand temperature scales, heat, and thermal energy transfer. Key concepts include:

a) Celsius and Kelvin temperature scales and absolute zero c) Conduction, convection, radiation; and d) Applications of heat energy transfer

6-1, 6-2, 6-3

(Motion, Forces, & Energy Textbook)

Engine Simulator Virtual Labs with Thermal Energy

5 days

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PS.11ab

Electricity & Magnetism

The student will investigate and understand basic principles of electricity and magnetism. Key concepts include:

a) static electricity, current electricity, and circuits b) Magnetic fields and electromagnets.

Learning Circuits Circuits and Conductors

Static Electricity Simulator

Circuits Simulator

Virtual Labs: Get Connected

3-4 days

Circuit Construction Simulator

FLEX days/Remediation 6-7 days

Reflection Notes:

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4TH 9 WEEKS (4/1-6/6)

SOL Enabling Objective: Description Text Recommended Activities (e.g., applets, ESS, labs)

# days to teach

Waves

43 days

PS.8a,c The student will investigate and understand the

characteristics of sound waves. Key concepts include: a) Wavelength, frequency, speed, and amplitude, rarefaction, and compression c) The nature of mechanical waves; and

1-1, 1-2, 1-3

(Waves, Sound, & Light Textbook)

Wave Interference Simulation

Ocean Wave Simulator Waves on a String Simulator

5 days

Wave Behavior

PS.8abd

Sound

The student will investigate and understand characteristics of sound waves. Key concepts include:

a) Wavelength, frequency, speed, amplitude, rarefaction, and compression b) Resonance d) Technological applications of sound

2.1, 2.2 (Waves, Sound, & Light Textbook)

Sound Interactive The Soundry

5 days

Electromagnetic Waves 3-4 days PS.9d The student will investigate and understand the

characteristics of transverse waves. Key concepts include

3-1, 3-2, 3-3

Electromagnetic Waves Interactive

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d) The electromagnetic spectrum (Waves, Sound, & Light Textbook)

Cool Cosmos Electromagnetic Waves Activities

PS.9abce

Light, Mirrors & Lenses

The student will investigate and understand the characteristics of transverse waves. Key concepts include

a) wavelength, frequency, speed, amplitude, crest, and trough b) the wave behavior of light; c) images formed by lenses and mirrors e) technological applications of light

4-1, 4-2, 4-3, 4-4

(Waves, Sound, & Light Textbook)

Light Games and Experiments

5-7 days

PS.10cd

Work and Simple Machines (brief review prior to SOL test)

The student will investigate and understand scientific principles of work, force, and motion. Key concepts include:

c) Work, force, mechanical advantage, efficiency, and power; and d) technological applications of work, force, and motion.

4-1, 4-2, 4-3

(Motion, Forces, & Energy Textbook

Ed-heads Simple Machine Interactive

Ed-heads Compound Machine Interactive

2-3 days

POST-TEST (for Teacher Evaluation & School Improvement—use same test as PRE-TEST)

1 day

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SOL REVIEW (BEFORE SOLs are given)

VA DoE SOL Practice Items

Jefferson Lab SOL Quiz Review

NCES Kid's Zone: Dare to Compare

SOL Pass: Science 6-8

IQ: Interactive Quizzes

8-10 days

Introduction to High School Sciences (Enrichment) ~10 days

Additional Web Resources:

Brain Pop (requires building-level username and password)

Explore Learning (Contact Science specialist for username.)

Physics Games

Released SOL Power Points (multiple years)

The Science Spot

PhET Interactive Simulations

Kids Do Science

Science Songs

Reporting Categories are the same as well as the number of items within each category. However, some content has been added or deleted. See the

changes listed below the Blueprint summary table.

Blueprint Summary 2003 2010

Reporting Category SOLs -----(significant changes are in bold print). See Crosswalk,

Brief Notes below, & Curriculum framework for details

#items % of test #items % of test

Scientific Investigation 6.1a-I, LS.1a-i, PS.1a-m 10 20% 10 20%

Force, Motion, Energy, & Matter 6.2a, 6.2e, 6.4a-g, 6,5a-b, 6.6a, PS.2a-f, PS.3a-b, PS.4a-c, PS.5a-c,

PS.6a-b, PS.7a-d, PS.8a-d, PS.9a-e, PS.10a-d, PS.11a-d

15 30% 15 30%

Life Systems LS.2a-d, LS.3a-b, LS.4a-d, LS.5a-c, LS.12a-f, LS.13a 7 14% 7 14%

Ecosystems 6.7a-g, LS.6a-d, LS.7a-b, LS.8a-e, LS.9a-c, LS.10a-c, LS.11a-e 7 14% 7 14%

Earth & Space Systems 6.2b-d, 6.3a-e, 6.5c-f, 6.6b-f, 6.8a-i, 6.9a-d 11 22% 11 22%

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6th

grade SOL changes

Brief List of SOL Changes: Science Crosswalk between 2003 and 2010 standards

-The old 6.5e (the origin and occurrence of water on Earth) was deleted. -The old 6.6g was moved to 6.6d. -For 6.8a, there was a content addition (dwarf planets) to the bullet.

Life Science SOL changes

-LS.1b, content removed (variables are defined) -LS.1b new content was added (a classification system is developed based on multiple attributes) -LS.1c content removed (metric units, SI—International System of Units are used) -LS.1c new content was added, (triple beam & electronic balances, thermometers, metric rulers, graduated cylinders & probeware are used to gather data) -LS.1i content emphasis was narrowed (“interpretations of data became patterns of data”) -LS.1j new content was added, (current applications are used to reinforce life science concepts) -LS.4 content was removed, “The student will investigate & understand that the basic needs of organisms must be met in order to car ry out life processes. Key concepts include: a) plant needs, b) animal needs, c) factors that influence life processes. -LS.4a, new content was added (the distinguishing characteristics of domains of organisms) -LS.13a was moved to LS.12a, additional content was added (structure & role of DNA) -LS.13d, content was deleted (factors affecting the expression of traits)

Physical Science SOL changes

-PS.1b, Inherent content was deleted (and reported using metric units SI—International System of Units). -PS.1d, Additional content was included (probeware). -PS.1f, The content of the bullet was deleted (research skills are utilized using a variety of resources). -PS.1i, scattergrams was changed to scatterplots -PS.1m, New content was added (models and simulations are constructed and used to illustrate and explain phenomena). -PS.1n, New content was added (current applications of physical science concepts are used). -PS.2f, New content was added (characteristics of types of matter based on physical & chemical properties). -PS.4c, Add’l terminology was included & key content was made explicit (formation of compounds through ionic & covalent bonding) -PS.5c, The content (nuclear reactions) was moved from PS.5b. -PS.6b, The revised content of PS.6c (thermal, radiant, and nuclear energy) was moved and added to the existing content of PS.6b.

-PS.7, thermal energy replaced “heat” -PS.8, Clarifying terminology was included (waves). -PS.8a, Add’l content was included (rarefaction and compression). -PS.8c, compression replaced “mechanical” -PS.9a, New content was added (wavelength, frequency, speed, amplitude, crest, and trough). -PS.11b, The emphasis of the bullet was changed and narrowed (relationship between a magnetic field and an electric current). -PS.11c, Content was moved from PS.11b (electromagnets). Additional content was added (and their uses). -PS.11d, New content was added (conductors, semiconductors, and insulators).

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Principles of Science SOL Course Content Overview

1st 9 weeks= 44 days Nature of Science 10 days Atomic Structure & Periodic Table 10 days States of Matter 5 days Properties & Changes of Matter 5 days Substances, Mixtures, & Solubility 10 days

2nd 9 weeks= 45 days Life Structure & Classification 7 days Cell Processes 5 days Cellular Reproduction 8 days Heredity 8 days Adaptations Over Time 5 days Interactions of Living Things 8 days

3rd 9 weeks= 48 days Earth in Space 7 days Weather 7 days Motion & Momentum 6 days Newton’s Laws of Motion 5 days Energy 5 days Energy Resources 3 days Thermal Energy 5 days Electricity 5 days

4th 9 weeks= 43 days Waves 3 days Sound 5 days Electromagnetic Waves 7-8 days Light, Mirrors, & Lenses 5 days Work & Simple Machines 2-3 days SOL Review 8-10 days High School Sciences Enrichment ~10 days