lymphatic system and immunity human anatomy and physiology ii oklahoma city community college dennis...
TRANSCRIPT
Lymphatic System and Immunity
Human Anatomy and Physiology II
Oklahoma City Community College
Dennis Anderson
Functions of Lymphatic System
• Drain fluid from around cells
• Absorb fat from intestines
• Circulate lymph
• Filter lymph
• Immunity
Lymphatic Vessels
• Transport lymph
• Lymph is returned to the circulatory system at either the right or left subclavian veins
Causes of Edema
• Blockage of lymphatic system
• Increased pressure in veins
• Lack of albumin– Decreases fluid returning to blood capillaries
by osmosis
• Inflammation
Steroid Hormones
• Hydrocortisone, cortisone and others
• Depress inflammation
• Used to treat inflammatory diseases– Rheumatoid arthritis
Antigens
• Molecules often found in the membrane of cells
• Antigens of foreign cells stimulate an immune response
Self Antigens• Antigens of our own cells
• Do not cause an immune response in our body– Usually cause an immune response in another
person
• MHC proteins– Major Histocompatibility Complex
Cells of the Immune System
• APCs– Antigen-presenting cells
• B cells– B lymphocytes
• T cells– T lymphocytes
Antigen-Presenting Cells
• Macrophages• Engulf foreign cells and attach the cells antigens on their
MHC proteins
Antigen-Presenting CellAPC
• Macrophages and other cells
• Engulfs and digests foreign cells
• Present antigens on MHC proteins to T cells
B Cells
• Lymphocytes that react directly with antigens
• Require stimulation from Helper T Cells
• Offspring become– Plasma cells– Memory B cells
• Humoral Immunity
Helper T Cell
• Reacts with antigen from APC
• Stimulates Cytotoxic T Cells and B Cells– Secretes Interleukin II
Cytotoxic T Cells• Activated by antigens
on any body cell• Require stimulation
from Helper T Cells• Destroys body cells
infected with viruses• Destroys cancer cells• Cellular Immunity
Memory Cells
• T Cells and B Cells
• Remember antigen
• React to a second invasion of an antigen more rapidly
Cytokines
• Chemicals used in cellular immunity• Interleukin I
– Produced by macrophages– Stimulates helper T cells
• Interleukin II– Produced by helper T cells
• Perforin– Causes lysis of target cell
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
• HIV Virus
• Attacks and destroys Helper T Cells– Depresses humoral and cellular immunity