Lungs

Features-• Apex• Base• Three borders-ant,

post & infer• Two surfaces- costal

& medial Medial surface –

verterbral & mediastinal part

Lungs

Lungs

LungsStructures related to

mediastinal surface of rt lung

• Rt atrium & auricle• Small part of rt ventricle• Superior venacava• Lower part of the rt

brachiocephalic vein• Azygos vein• Oesophagus• Inferior venacava• Trachea• Rt vagus n• Rt phrenic n

LungsStructures related to

mediastinal surface of lt lung

• Lt ventricle, lt auricle,infundibulum & adjoining part of rt ventricle

• Plumonary trunk• Arch of aorta• Descending thoracic

aorta• Lt subclavian a• Thoracic duct• Oesophagus• Lt brachiocephalic vein• Lt vagus n• Lt phrenic n• Lt recurrent laryngeal n

LungsFissure and lobes of the lungs

Rt lung- 2 fissures are oblique & horizontal

3 lobes- upper, middle & inferior

Lungs

Lt lung- 1 fissure is oblique

2 lobes & lingula

LungsRoot of the lung-Short broad pedicle which

connects the medial surface of the lung to mediastinum

Contents-• Principal bronchus on lt side

& eparterial and hyparterial bronchi rt side

• 1 pulmonary artery• 2 pulmonary veins• Bronchial arteries, 1 on rt

side & 2 on lt side• Bronchial veins• Ant & post pulmonary

plexuses of nerves• Lymphatics of the lung• Bronchopulmonary lymph

nodes• Areorlar tissues

LungsArrangement of

structures in root

From before backward

• Superior pulmonary vein

• Pulmonary artery• bronchus

LungsFrom above downwards

Rt side• Eparterial bronchus • Pulmonary artery• Hyparterial bronchus• Inferior pulmonary

veinLt side• Pulmonary artery• Bronchus• Inferior pulmonary

vein

LungsRelations of the rootAnteriorCommon to two sides-• Phrenic n• Pericardiophernic vessels• Anterior pulmonary plexusOn rt side• Superior venacava • A part of the rt atriumPosterior Common to two sides• Vagus n• Post pulmonary plexusOn lt side• Descending thoracic aortaSuperiorOn rt side• Terminal part of azygos veinOn lt sideArch of aortaInferior Pulmonary ligament

LungsArterial supply-On rt side: 1 bronchial artery – 3rd posterior

intercostal artery or from upper lt bronchial arteryOn lt side: 2 bronchial arteries- descending thoracic

aortaVenous drainage-Bronchial veinsRt bronchial vein drain into azygos veinLt bronchial vein drain into either superior

intercostal vein or into the hemiazygos veinPulmonary veins

LungsLymphatic drainageBronchopulmonary lymph nodes• Superficial vessels- peripheral lung tissue lying beneath the

pulmonary pleura• Deep vessels- bronchial tree, pulmonary vessels and

connective tissue septaNerve supply-Parasympathetic: vagus, motor to bronchial muscles,

secretomotor to the mucuos glands of the bronchial tree & sensory

Sympathetic: 2nd to 5th spinal segments, inhibitory to the smooth muscle and glands of the bronchial tree

Both of these nerves form ant and post pulmonary plexuses

Lungs

• Bronchial tree• Bronchopulmonary

segments

Lungs

Lungs

Lungs

Lungs