[email protected] february 2020€¦ · water sensitive cities scenario tool luke...
TRANSCRIPT
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An introduction to the Scenario Tool
• Background
• What is it?
• How can it be used?
• What are the limitations?
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In the news
37.6°
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What is the Urban Heat Island?
Image Source: US EPA (2012)
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Urban Heat Island
• Size
• Density
• Surface types
• Shade
• Airflow
• Vegetation
• Blue-green infrastructure
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Urban Heat Map Viewer
• Surface Temperature
• Where are hotspots?
• A point in time
23rd March 2018
• Not modelled data
http://spatialwebapps.environment.sa.gov.au/urbanheat
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Land use temperatures
Extreme heat day land surface temperature data
Dry grass
(Tapper, Coutts & Nury 2012)
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Theoretical basis
Average - extreme hot day = 29 °C
Average - extreme hot day = 37 °C
Average - extreme hot day = 60°C Land surface temperature
(Bach 2017)
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Urban Heat Mitigation
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Further reading
watersensitivecities.org.au lowcarbonlivingcrc.com.au
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Trees for a Cool City
The cooling effect:
• Transpiration
• Shade
Additional benefits:
• Economic
• Comfort and Wellbeing
Challenges:
• Plant selection
• Maintenance
• Water
• Infrastructure
• Safety
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The WSC Scenario Tool
• Planning-support tool
• Assess urban development changes
• Models
• Scenarios
• Comparison
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Extreme Heat Module
• Understand how blue-green infrastructure can influenceurban heat and thermal comfort
• Quantify the urban microclimate benefits
• Investigate potential strategies for urban heat mitigation
• Planning and Design
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The process
Data Collection
BuildingScenario
Analyse and Compare
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Caveats and limitations
• Cell size – 30 m x 30 m• It is NOT a detailed design tool• Data quality – rubbish in – rubbish out• It does not incorporate all WSUD scenarios at this stage• One tool to be used amongst many for urban design
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Data
Census data
Map polygons
Building footprints
Landcover
24 hr rainfall & Evapotranspiration
User defined
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Setup
• Step through wizard
• Define location
• Own data
• i.e. LGA
• GeoJSON –WGS84 coordinates
https://data.gov.au/search?q=psma
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Module selection
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Define the catchment
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Define model area
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Define model area
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Initialisation
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Baseline scenario
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Create a scenario
Design layers
Urban Form Infrastructure
Catchment
30 adaptation nodes
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Create a scenario
Urban form - residential
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Create a scenario
Node setup
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Create a scenario
Infrastructure – blue / green
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Increasing tree cover
Tree spacing
Canopy diameter
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Base case
• Building footprint
• Extreme heat map
Comparing to mapped to modelled
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Reduced bare earth
• Irrigated parkland
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Increased street trees
• 50% increase in trees
Note:
• Reduced max temp.
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Side by side
Areal image Modelled – base case Modelled – 50% increase in trees
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Land cover
Impervious fraction
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Results
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Yarrabilba
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A WATER SENSITIVE CITIES APPROACH
Master planned community
Over 2,800 ha
Completion ~ 2042
~ 15,000 homes
~ 40,000 people
Yarrabilba Community – Lend Lease
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Current Development Case
Population -
Av. Surface Temp 43.6 °C
Stormwater Load (TN) 11 gm/Ha
• Initial Development
• Clear plantation forest (note heat map of bare soil)
Land Surface Temperature
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Business as Usual Case
Population 38,500
Av. Surface Temp 49.7 °C
Stormwater Load (TN) 16 gm/Ha
• Extension of initial stages of Development
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Water Sensitive City Lite
• Open space irrigation – 50%
• Street Trees – 22m spacing
• Trees on 15% of lots
• Wetland Water Reuse
• Rainwater Harvesting – 25% uptake
Population 38,600
Av. Surface Temp 48.0 °C
Stormwater Load (TN) 14 gm/Ha
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Water Sensitive City
• Open space irrigation – 75%
• Street Trees – 17.5m spacing
• Trees on 25% of lots
• Wetland Water Reuse
• Rainwater Harvesting – 75% uptake
• Swales & Tree Pits
• Increased population – higher density infill areas
Population 49,000
Av. Surface Temp 43.8 °C
Stormwater Load (TN) 8 gm/Ha