lucknow metro rail project internship report

SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT WORK WITH

Submitted By : Aditya Pratap Singh(2014UGCE003) Second Year Undergraduate Student Department of Civil Engineering National Insitute Of Technology Jamshedpur

02/JULY/2016

REPORT OF INTERNSHIP ACTIVITIES

At

LUCKNOW METRO

LARSEN AND TOUBRO PVT. LTD.

Presented to

THE PROJECT MANAGER

LUCKNOW METRO

In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of

B.Tech(Hons.) CIVIL ENGINEERING

BY

ADITYA PRATAP SINGH

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

JAMSHEDPUR

Submitted By : Aditya Pratap Singh(2014UGCE003) Second Year Undergraduate Student Department of Civil Engineering National Insitute Of Technology Jamshedpur

CONTENT

SNo.

TOPIC Page no.

1. Acknowledgement 32. Objective 43 The LUCKNOW METRO 54 EHS Department 65 Site Execution 126 Structures 127 Reinforcement tying 148 Formwork 279 HDT System 3110 Finishing 3411 MEP Department 3612 Plumbing 4113 Quality Department 4714 P&M Department 6115 Planning Department 6916 Time Office 7117 Store 7318 Accounts and Administration 7419 Conclusion 75

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to thank The Deputy Engineer of LUCKNOW METRO Mr. Arvind Singh ji , Mr. Manoj sir, Mr. Satendra sir, Mr. Suraj sir and all staff of LMRC and L&T for giving me such golden opportunity to train at the site, and providing a chance to get a more hands on approach for better understanding.

This Summer Training wouldn’t have been possible without the guidance and support of the Training In-charge Mr. Bhimsen sir and the officers and staff of LMRC.

I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my Parents and relatives who made my works easier at home so that I can concentrate on my internship.

OBJECTIVE

The Summer Training Program has mainly two objectives viz. ‘Learning New Things’ and ‘Gaining Practical Experience’. It helps to get exposure to the environment of the industry wherein we are to be placed.

This 4 weeks of training also enhances our soft skills and meeting so many engineers and learning from them makes us a confident professional.

It also teaches us the sense of responsibility, taking initiatives, projecting the innovative ideas and most important management.

It is also needed for the completion of the bachelor’s degree in the field of Civil Engineering.

THE LUCKNOW METRO

The Lucknow Metro is a Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS)

being constructed to provide the city of Lucknow, Uttar

Pradesh with an environment friendly atmosphere. The

commencement of civil works started on 27 September

2014.Lucknow Metro Rail Corporation Limited or LMRC is

working on this project which will be an alternative mode of

transport since approximately 94% of the city’s registered

vehicles are private.Growing population and huge traffic has

called for the transformation of private modes of conveyance

to public transport. The metro project will be the most

expensive public transport system in the state of Uttar

Pradesh, costing 6,928 crore (US$1 billion) in phase 1 of ₹

construction, first lane of which is expected to be operational

by December 2016. Phase 2 will be started in 2018.

Lucknow Metro will be having two routes, from North to

South and East to West. The North-South corridor starts at

Amausi toMunshi Pulia, with a total length of 22.878

kilometres (14.216 miles). The East-West corridor starts at

Charbagh Railway Station and ends at Vasant Kunj. Both

lines will intersect at Charbagh. An extension line from Indira

Nagar – Gomti Nagar – Polytechnic Crossing will extend it to

Patrakarpuram, Gomti Nagar The difference between arrival

time of trains at each station is expected to be 7 minutes. This

would be reduced to 5 minutes and then to 3 minutes in

phases. The work would be finished by 2017 of first phase

The Lucknow Metro system, when completed, will be the

fastest and most economical high speed rapid transit system

project in India.

.

ENVIORNMENT HEALTH SAFETY (EHS) DEPARTMENT

The EHS department of Larsen and Toubro is based on EHS Management System and Procedures that follows the codes ISO14001 and OHSAS 18001.

OHSAS stands for Occupational Health Safety Assessment Series. Occupational safety means the safety norms to be followed on a construction site or any other workplace for that matter. The EHS Procedures can be divided into 3 parts:

1. System Procedures (S.P): It defines all the legislative requirements that are to be followed on site and also defines the roles and responsibilities of the staff and workmen working in the direction of safety.

2. Control Procedures (C.P): It defines all the measures required to control the no. of accidents on site thus ensures a safer environment at the working site. It also defines the use of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) like Safety Helmet, Gloves, Safety Jacket, Safety Shoes etc. while on site.

3. General Procedures (G.P) : It defines all the methods of workmen welfare and safety materials used.

EHS department organises a training for the workmen so that each of them can safely work at site. These are the few of the many signaries you will see at a site.

A sign board indicating the use of PERSONAL PROTECTIV EQUIPMENTS at site for safety.

The construction site is filled with many such sign boards indicating the safety measures that are to be taken while working at the site.

EHS department also issues a safe to startcard on dialy basis after observing that safety measures are taken at the site where work has to be done.

As the site consists of various engineers, sub-contractors, electricians, supervisors and workmen, L&T follows a unique

system of colour coding that helps in identification of people working on the site.

The colour codes is the colour of helmet wore by the person. The colour codes are as follows:

Also the EHS department maintains a log sheet which indicates the location, activity, s/c, and no. of workmen working at that location. This helps to ensure that no workmen is anyway in danger of any fatality or danger.

The “GOLDEN SAFETY RULE” says that for a work which is above the height of 1.8m should be done with the help of a life line is the site do not comprise anchorage.

EHS department also ensures that the no. of Near Miss cases are maintained low as “A Near Miss could be Next Accident”. And the lower the no. of near miss cases lower is the chance of any fatality on site. It also organises a PDCA

(Plan Do Check Act) cycle wherein the officers go for a safety drive.

When any new employee or workmen or trainee join the site, he undergoes a “safety induction process” in which he is taught the various safety measures to be maintained at the site. The induction process of a trainee is done by the safety officer or safety in-charge of the site.

Before allowing a workmen to join the site he also undergoes a medical check-up and then a screening test by the incharge of the department he is to work in. On passing the screening test he undergoes the induction process and then he is ready to

work at site.

DO NOT COMPROMISE SAFETY

SITEEXECUTIONWhen the drawing sent by the architect is observed and all the planning work is done the main work of execution starts. The site execution comprises of mainly 3 departments:

Structures MEP( Mechanical Electrical Plumbing) Finishing

LUCKNOW METRO CASTING AREA

1.CASTING YARD

The casting yard is the place where the girders (U shaped and I shaped) and beams (I shaped and rectangular shaped)are casted. The casting yard is used to cast various parts of the metro frame work

1.1 U GIRDER U girder is a u shaped girder which as a base of the lucknow metro system .the metro train runs in the girder.so it has to be precisely and effectively done so that it gains a desired strength and should be durable. Th casting procedure is given below:

First of all the reinforcement caging is prepared .the reinforcement is of high strength steel (Fe 500).the casing is done in three zones namely zone a,b,c. the different zones have different spacing and different diameter of bars are used .the spacings are:

Zone a :85 mm

Zone b: 85 mm

Zone c:170 mm

Second the reinforcements are tied together with the help of steel wires. Each bar is tied to its proximity bars so that the bars are not loose.

Third the sheathing pipe is introduced in the between the reinforcement layers and the strands are passed in them. A strand is a group of cables twisted together to provide greater strength .each strand consists of 6 cables twisted together .overall in the total u girder in all the sheathing pipes counted together there are 72 strands can be used. All 72 strands are used in long girders of greater

than 25 meter length and about 36 strands are used in small girders.

After this process the strands are pre stressed so that they get elongated to the maximum pressure applied i.e.165n/mm2 the pressure is applied increasingly in steps of 10 so that the stress is maintained continuously.

Concreting is succeeded by pre stressing process in which ready mix concrete is poured in the reinforced cage which is fitted in the casing .The concrete is made available from the nearby batching plant which has two plants of 60 and 30 cubic meter capacity. The mixture is transferred

from the transit mixture truck of 6 cubic meter capacity to the u girder casting area.

After concreting the mixture is left for setting so that the mixture can attain its desired strength in the specified number of days. The mix is of m55 strength .also some admixtures are used in the mix proportional (2% of the total weight of mix).

After the setting process is completed and desired setting time is over the girders are transferred to the desired place for placing.

Also the spaces for drainage and shaker key attachment are left in the girder for efficient working.

Process of U-GIRDER

1- Label Alignment2- Cleaning of Bed3- Shuttering oil4- Reinforcement cage and Lowering 5- Threading6- Slag Removal 7- Stressing

8- Inner shutter fixing & Alignment 9- Track beam reinforcement fixing10- Casting

1.2 I -GIRDER

The I girder is a I shaped girder which is used where used in the placed where the u girders can not be placed due to curve radius or the unavailability to put the u girder in place. The I girder can be upto 30 meters in length different heights as desired .the height varies as 1 1.2 and 2 meters. Also the number of strands vary as per the height .The number of strands vary from 14 in 1 meter ,29 in 1.2 meter and 45 in 2 meter height girder. The casting procedure is given in he below paragraphs: First of all the reinforcement caging is prepared .the reinforcement is of high strength steel (Fe 500).the casing is done in three zones namely zone a,b,c. the different zones have different spacing and different diameter of bars are used .

Second the reinforcements are tied together with the help of steel wires..each bar is tied to its proximity bars so that the bars are not loose.

Third the sheathing pipe is introduced in the between the reinforcement layers and the strands are passed in them. A strand is a group of cables twisted together to provide greater strength .each strand consists of 6 cables twisted together

Concreting process in which ready mix concrete is poured in the reinforced cage which is fitted in the casing.The concrete is made available from the nearby batching plant which has two plants of 60 and 30 cubic meter capacity. The mixture is transferred from the transit mixture truck of 6 cubic meter capacity to the u girder casting area.

After concreting the mixture is left for setting so that the mixture can attain its desired strength in the specified number of days. The mix is of m55 strength .also some admixtures are used in the mix proportional (2% of the total weight of mix).

After the setting process is completed and desired setting time is over the girders are transferred to the desired place for placing.

Process of I-Girder

1- Label Alignment2- Cleaning of bed 3- Shuttering oil 4- Reinforcement cage & Lowering 5- Sithing pipe fixing (Cable duck profile

fixing)6- Outer (vertical shuttering fixing)7- Plumb and Alignment

1.3 BEAMSThere are two types of beams used in the lucknow metro namely PIB beams and cross beams. Both the beams are caste dthere and are used at different locations in the metro construction.PIB beams are used in the construction of platforms while I beams are used in the various places where required.

STATIONS FOR PHASE 1 OF LUCKNOW METRO

The lucknow metro plan for phase 1 is divided into various stations and each station is allotted to a set of engineers of LMRC who supervise the L&T workThe various stations for the proposed phase 1 N-S corridor are as follows:

Charbagh Railway station Mawaiya Alambagh ISBT Alambagh Shringar Nagar Krishna Nagar Transport Nagar Amousi Chaudhary Charan Singh Airport

*Charbagh Railway Station

The Charbagh Station(LJN) combines with the metro station. Both the stations are placed in the same campus. This station marks the center of all the corridors of the lucknow metro. This also serves an important station as it helps in meeting the railway station from all parts of the lucknow. The station is beautifully made and is headed by

Suraj sir who is the incharge of the station. The station has

ground floor level for entry concourse level Platform level Terrace level

The plans of the various stations are given below:1.Ground level plan

2.Concourse level plan

3.Terrace level plan

2.Mawaiya This metro rail station is headed by LMRC. Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited (DMRC) on behalf of Lucknow Metro Rail Corporation (LMRC) Limited has invited an e- tender for the construction of balanced cantilever span of approx 255 m (Central Span of 105 m and end Spans each of 75 m approx.) at Mawaiya Railway Crossing on North South corridor of Lucknow Metro at Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. Estimated tender value is Rs.21.74 crores and the period of work is 18 months.There is a Construction of balanced cantilever span of approx 255 m at Mawaiya Railway Crossing on North South corridor of Lucknow Metro .

Mawaiya Special Span

Pier cap

QUALITY Department

This department is responsible for ensuring the quality of work on site, also it conducts various tests on material used for construction and ensures that no faulty material is being used.

This department is also called QA/QC (QUALITY ASSESSMENT/QUALITY CONTROL) DEPARTMENT.

QC- is responsible for controlling the assured quality and is a site level work.

QA- is responsible for assurance of quality to client and is all done at the tender level.

The department follows ISO9001, 2005 for defining the quality of the material used in the project.

This department prepares a PQP(Project Quality Plan) and also makes a method statement for smallest of the work to be carried out at site.

The PQP contains Quality Management System, Management Responsibility, Resource Management, Product Realization and Measurement Analysis and Improvements.

It contains the roles and responsibility of the different engineers working at site. It follows various codes for various works like IS 383: 1970 for aggregate testing and IS 2430 for aggregate sampling.

L&T has a predefined process flow chart which is included in the PQP, this enables a smooth functioning of the site and ensures that the quality of work is maintained throughout the construction.

Tests on cement1) NORMAL CONSISTENCY : The consistency is measured

by the Vicat apparatus using a 10mm diameter plunger.•A trial paste of cement and water is mixed and placed in the mold having an inside diameter of 70mm at the base and 60mm at the top, and a height of 40mm.

•The plunger is then brought into contact with the top surface of the paste and released. Under the action of its weight the plunger will penetrate the paste.• The depth depending on the consistency. • When the plunger penetrates the paste to a point 5 to 7mm from the bottom of the mould. The paste is considered to be at “normal consistency• The water content of the paste is expressed as a percentage by weight of dry cement. The usual range of values being between 26% and 33%.

Vicat apparatus

2) COMPRESSIVE SRENGTH: Take 200 g of cement and 600 g of standard sand and mix them dry thoroughly. • Add of water (where P is % of water required for preparing paste of standard consistency) to the dry mix of cement and sand and mix thoroughly for a minimum of 3

minutes and maximum of 4 minutes to obtain a mix of uniform colour. If even in 4 minutes uniform colour of the mix is not obtained reject the mix and mix fresh quantities of cement, sand and water to obtain a mix of uniform colour. • Place the thoroughly cleaned and oiled (on interior face) mould on the vibrating machine and hold it in position by clamps provided on the machine for the purpose. • Fill the mould with entire quantity of mortar using a suitable hopper attached to the top of the mould for facility of filling and vibrate it for 2 minutes at a specified speed of 12000±400 per minute to achieve full compaction. • Remove the mould from the machine and keep it in a place with temp of 27±20C and relative humidity of 90% for 24 hours.• At the end of 24 hrs remove the cube from the mould and immediately submerge in fresh clean water. The cube be taken out of the water only at the time of testing. • Prepare at least 6 cubes in the manner explained above. • Place the test cube on the platform of a compressive testing machine without any packing between the cube and the plates of the testing machine. • Apply the load steadily and uniformly, starting from zero at a rate of 35 N/mm2/minute.

The Vibrator machine

3) INITAIL SETTING TIME AND FINAL SETTING TIME:

Test block preparation• Before commencing setting time test, do the consistency test to obtain the water required to give the paste normal consistency (P). • Take 400 g of cement and prepare a neat cement paste with 0.85P of water by weight of cement. • Gauge time is kept between 3 to 5 minutes. Start the stop watch at the instant when the water is added to the cement. Record this time (t1). • Fill the Vicat mould, resting on a glass plate, with the cement paste gauged as above. Fill the mould completely and smooth off the surface of the paste making it level with the top of the mould. The cement block thus prepared is called test block.

Initial setting time• Place the test block confined in the mould and resting on the non-porous plate, under the rod bearing the needle. • Lower the needle gently until it comes in contact with the surface of test block and quick release, allowing it to penetrate into the test block. • In the beginning the needle completely pierces the test block. Repeat this procedure i.e. quickly releasing the needle after every 2 minutes till the needle fails to pierce the block for about 5 mm measured from the bottom of the mould. Note this time (t2).

Final setting time• For determining the final setting time, replace the needle of the Vicat’s apparatus by the needle with an annular attachment. • The cement is considered finally set when upon applying the final setting needle gently to the surface of the test block; the needle makes an impression thereon, while the attachment fails to do so. Record this time (t3).

The Vicat apparatus

AGGREGATE

These are used for the following reasons:1. Reduces the Heat of Hydration of cement.2.Reduces the Shrinkage effect of cement.3.Its economical.

These are of 2 types:1.Fine aggregate(less than 4.75mm particle size)2.Coarse aggregate(more than 4.75mm )

TESTS ON AGGREGATE

SIEVE ANALYSIS: The sieve analysis, commonly known as the gradation test • Determines the gradation (the distribution of aggregate particles, by size, within a given sample) • The test consists of dividing up and separating, by means of series of sieves, a material into several particle size classification of decreasing sizes. The aperture sizes and the number of sieves are selected in accordance with the nature of the sample and the accuracy required. • The mass of the particles retained on the various sieves is related to the initial mass of the material. • The cumulative percentages passing each sieve are reported in numerical form.

Sieves for coarse and fine aggregate testing

SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST(PYCNOMETER) Weigh the pycnometer say w1 Pour sand(FA) in it upto ¾ of the

pycnometer and weigh the pycnometer say w2

Fill the pycnometer with water and roll it to remove all air voids in it say w3.

Empty the pycnometer and fill it with water only and weigh it again say w4.

The specific gravity is given by the formula:W2 –w1/[(w4-w1)- (w3-w2)]

Pycnometer

SLUMP CONE TESTA slump test is a method used to determine the consistency of concrete. The consistency, or stiffness, indicates how much water has been used in the mix. The stiffness of the concrete mix should be matched to the requirements for the finished product quality.

In a collapse slump the concrete collapses completely. A collapse slump will generally mean that the mix is too wet or that it is a high workability mix, for which slump test is not appropriate.

In a shear slump the top portion of the concrete shears off and slips sideways. If a shear or collapse slump is achieved, a fresh sample should be taken and the test is repeated.

If the shear slump persists, as may the case with harsh mixes, this is an indication of lack of cohesion of the mix.

In a true slump the concrete simply subsides, keeping more or less to shape. This is the only slump which is used in various tests.

Mixes of stiff consistence have a Zero slump, so that in the rather dry range no variation can be detected between mixes of different workability.

A SLUMP CONE APPARATUS

ADMIXTURESA material other than water, aggregates, hydraulic cements, and fibre reinforcement used as an ingredient of concrete or mortar and added to the batch immediately before or during its mixing to modify one or more of the properties of concrete in the plastic or hardened state.

These are of 2 types:

1. Concrete penetrating corrosion inhibiting admixture (EKCOKP-200)

2. High range water admixtures

TESTS FOR ADMIXTURESTo test the quality of admixture various test are carried out.

The following are the desired results of the tests on the aggregates:

1. Dry Material Content: +/- 3% of the value stated by the manufacture.

2. Relative density:+/- 0.2 of the value stated by theManufacturer.

3. pH: Should not be less than 6.4. Ash content: +/- 1 of the value stated by the

manufacturer.

FLY ASHIt is the by-product of the thermal power plant used as a replacement of a small part of cement in concrete.

It is of two types:

1. Siliceous2. Calcareous

The use of Fly Ash in PPC is governed by the code IS3812, Part 1, 2003.

There are 3 grades of Fly Ash available:

1. GRADE 1: It is used as a replacement of cement in PPC and is fine textured.

2. GRADE 2: It is used as a replacement of sand wherever required and is coarse.

3. GRADE 3: It is highly utilized in Cosmetic industries and is the finest grade of Fly Ash.

PLANT AND MACHINERY(P&M) DEPARTMENT

It is a department which mechanises the construction activities to ensure good quality, better productivity & cost saving also ensuring the safety at site.

It has following advantages:

1. Makes work less time consuming2. Ensures better quality3. Leads to better workmanship4. Helps in cost controlling by reducing the amount of

labour required5. Increases the productivity 6. As the amount of labour is less the chances of any

accidents reduces.

It is sub divided into 2 parts:

1. MECHANICAL : It consists of all the temporary machines used at site like Batching Plant, Concrete Pump, RSP, Needle Vibrator, Welding Machine, MFH(Multi-Function Hoist) etc.

2. SES(SITE ENABLING SERVICES): It includes all the temporary electrical and water supply that are temporary like the electricity and water supply at site, in offices and labour colonies.

BATCHING PLANT:It is a mechanical device used to produce concrete of the required mix design. The Batching Plant of the LMRC PROJECT is a CP-30 plant which implies “Compact Plant of capacity of m3/hour.”

The Batching Plant at LMRC PROJECT

A Batching Plant has following parts:

HOPPER: It is the place where all the materials required for the mix design is dumped and it contains a net of iron bars that filters the big pieces and stops them from entering in the plant.

BELT CONVEYOR: It carries the material required from the hopper to the compartment bin.

COMPARTMENT BIN:A compartment where all the material i.e. the coarse agg,, fine agg. Are segregated and there are different compartments for each material so that no mixing happens before the starting of plant.

MAIN STRUCTURE: It is the part where all the mixing happens. It comprises of following parts:i) Aggregate gate: These are air pressure controlled

gates that open at the time of mixing and aggregate from bin is sent to the bucket for further process.

ii)Skip wire Bucket: This carries the aggregates from the gates to the pan mixer. It rests on load cells that calculate the amount of aggregate in it and thus carries only the required amount.

iii) Pan Mixer: It the part which does the mixing of the various components required for the mix design. The aggregates from the gates are filled in the sip bucket and are carried to this pan mixer. The cement, Fly Ash from the silos are sent to the cement weigher and are sent to mixer. Similarly water from water weigher is sent to the pan mixer. Here mixing is done for

30seconds and then the concrete of the required mix design is ready.

iv) Control Unit: The whole process of mixing is controlled from a computer called the control unit of the plant. The weight and mix design of the concrete is decided and fed in a computer which runs the plant automatically to give us the required mix.

Aggregate Gates and air compressor unit

SKIP WIRE BUCKET

Pan Mixer

SILOS are a storage unit that stores cement and fly ash and supplies them to the batching plant when required. The Silos at Sargam site have a capacity of 100tonn. They also consists of a SAFETY VALVE to stop the silo from bursting while its filling and when it gets emptied.

CONCRETE PUMP: A mechanical device which is used to pump concrete from one place to another. The concrete pump used at the Sargam project site is a SP-1400 model with a capacity of 46m3/hour. These pumps can pump concrete to a height of 60m. It consist of 2 cylinders viz. Pumping and Differential Cylinders that acts alternately to pump concrete.

Putzmeister SP-1400 Concrete pump used at LMRC PROJECT SITE

EARTHIING Earthing is done to protect the building from the lightning. It is dine using a Conducting Rod which is fixed at the corner of the terrace floor so that it attracts any lightning in the area, the lightning from these rod is carried to the ground with the help of copper wires to the earthing pits.

These pits are constructed away from the boundary of the building. An excavation of about 3m3 is made and charcoal and salt is put in layers till 2.70m height. A brick cover is made of 300x300mm it is ensured that pit is fully covered.

Calibration of Batching PlantCalibration of Cement

Sl.no. Loading CementLoading

Unloading

1. 20 20 21 2. 40 39 41

3. 60 59 614. 80 79 805. 100 99 1006. 120 119 1207. 140 139 1408. 160 159 1609. 180 178 18010. 200 199 20011. 220 220 21912. 240 240 24013. 260 260 26014. 280 279 28015. 300 299 29916. 320 319 318

*Piling:-

A pile is basically a long cylinder of a strong cylinder such as concrete that is pushed into the ground to act as a steady support for structure built on top of it.Pile foundations are used in the following situations:When there is a layer of weak soil at the surface. This layer cannot support the weight of the building , so the loads of the building have to bypass this layer and be transferred to the layer of stronger soil or rock that is below the weak layer.When a building has very heavy, concentrated loads, such as in a high rise structure, bridge , or water tank. Pile foundations are capable of taking higher loads than spread footing There are two types of pile foundations, eah of which work in its own way.*End bearing piles In end bearing pile, the bottom end of the pile rests on a layer of especially strong soil or rock.The load of the building is transferred through the pile onto the strong layer in a sense, this pile acts like a column the key rests on the surface which is

the intersection of a weak and strong layer. The load therefore bypasses the weak layer and is safely transferred to the strong layer. *Friction piles Friction pile work on a different principle. The pile transfers the load of the building to the soil across the full height of the pile, by friction. In other words, the entire surface of the pile, which is cylindrical in shape, works to the transfer the forces to the soil

*PLANNING DepartmentWhen any tender is launched the EDRC issues a BOQ (Bill of Quantities), a copy of this BOQ is sent to the Planning Dept.

that calculates the expenditure and rate estimation thus prepares a quotation. This quotation is viewed by the client and based on ACE (ACCEPTED COST ESTIMATION) and QA he selects a contractor to work on his site.

The work is allotted in a Contract that consists of a LOI (Letter of Intent) and all the T&Cs for the allotted work.

OCV- Original Contract Value is the value of the contract when it was allotted.

RCV- Revised Contract Value is the value of the contract if there are any revisions of the contact value.

There are 2 types of contract:1. Item rate 2. Lump sum

*SELECTION OF SUB CONTRACTOR

In L&T the selection of s/c is done using a comparative statement. Every s/c fill the comparative statement stating his best price for the work. The company selects the most profitable one and states him as L1. Then screening of s/c is done if he is good then work is allotted to him else it is allotted to next most profitable s/c.

The department is also responsible for resource planning i.e P&M, Labour, Material and Capital etc.

BILING

The planning department is responsible for all types of billings be it s/c or employee. Billing is done using an EIP (Enterprise Information Portal)

There are 2 types of billing:

Client BillingS/C billing

RETENTION MONEY: While making payment 5% of the bill amount is kept as a precaution deposit by the client and the contractor.

TAXES: A bill includes various taxes either of the Central Govt. or the State Govt. Some of the taxes included are as follows:

1. Service Tax – imposed by Central Govt.

2. VAT (Value Added Tax): differs from state to state.

3. WCT (Work Contract Tax)

4. CST (Commercial Service Tax): Is of 2 types’ viz. Inter State and Intra state.

SCHEDULING:It is the time wise schedule of various jobs that are to be done on site. This can be done either Day Wise, Month wise or Year wise.

MICRO SCHEDULING: This includes a list of all the activities to be carried out till the date of hand over of building to client. For Example:

For Sargam project the time allotted to diff. works are as follows:

STRUCTURES - 14 months, HANDOVER – 3 months

FINISHING - 6 months

The Planning Department also is responsible for all the stock availability at site and monitors the physical stock and orders the stock before time so that there is no delay in the project and thus ensures the smooth working of the project.

It prepares a BMR (Bulk Material Reconciliation) that contains a list of all the material stock available at site.

TIME OFFICEThe main work of the time office is cost control. This is done by proper management and measurement. It also gives payment to the workmen working at site.

The payments are done in accordance with the MINIMUM WAGES ACT, 1948.

The labour working at site are as follows:

1. Unskilled (Helper) 2. Semiskilled (Ast. Mechanic) 3. Skilled (mechanic)

If a labour does overtime i.e over 8 hrs a day, he is given twice of his per hour wage.

A Bonus is given to labours within 8 months, no matter the project is in loss or profit the bonus has to be paid.

Labour License: A labour license is taken by the contractor before engaging them on site. This follows the CONTRACT LABOUR REGULATION AND EVOLUTION ACT, 1970-71.

Documents required for issuing of Labour License:

1. Draft of security money2. Memorandum3. Copy of LOI4. Power of attorney5. No. of labours required.

Once the license is issued the labours get insurance, per head Rs.300/- is deposited in the govt. account of the labour.as security money.

COMPENSATION MONEY:

When there is a fatality at site the labours family is given compensation money.

First the body is sent for post mortem and a compensation amount is calculated as 50% of his yearly wage x Age factor.

This compensation amount is sent to the labour commissioner for check and he publishes a news in local newspaper regarding the claim for the labour. The court then gives its judgement and the compensation money is given to the family member of the labour. The area surrounding the construction site is divided into 2 categories:

1. GREEN FIELD AREA, 1996 act2. FACTORY AREA, 1948 act

i) Big industries and factories, 1948ii)Shops, malls, hotels etc. 1953iii) Construction industry, 1970-71

STOREStore is the place where the stocks are kept and are issued on the basis of an INDENT issued by the engineers.

Store maintains a DMR (Daily Material Report) which contains the material issued and place where it is used and also contains the available stock.

CONCLUSIONOverall, I had a fantastic experience while training with the engineers of Larsen and Toubro. I feel extremely fortunate to be a part of the biggest construction company of India for a

month. This summer training helped me grow a lot and get a deeper look into the construction field.

The summer training program in LMRC is unique because of more exposure we get in the company.

Thanks L&T staff and LMRC staff for making my internship an unforgettable journey.

!!! THANKYOU !!!