LtCol W.G. Wickun, USMC (Ret)LtCol W.G. Wickun, USMC (Ret)

• Native of Connecticut• B. S. in Chemistry, Virginia Military Institute• USMC, Regular Commission• M.S. in Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University• Began teaching at MECEP Prep• Taught chemistry at Norwich University, Vermont• Adjunct Faculty, State University of New York (SUNY)• Ph.D. in Physical Chemistry, SUNY• Taught chemistry at Whitworth College, Spokane, WA• Teach chemistry and physics at Montana State University• PT, cycling (mountain & road), backpacking, fly fishing,

zymurgy

Chemistry

Introduction:Matter and Measurement

Chapter 1

 

1. Matter - anything that occupies space and has mass.

2. Substance - a form of matter that has a definite composition and distinct properties.

ChemistryChemistry - the study of matter and - the study of matter andthe changes it undergoesthe changes it undergoes

water, ammonia, sucrose, gold, oxygen

Mixture - a combination of two or more substances in which the substances retain their distinct identities.

1. Homogenous mixture – composition of the mixture is the same throughout.

2. Heterogeneous mixture – composition is not uniform throughout.

soft drink, milk, solder

cement, muddy water,iron filings in sand (Fig. 1.8)

Physical means can be used to separate a mixture into its pure components.

magnet

Also: filtration (Figure 1.12);paper chromatography (Figure 1.14)

Distillation

Figure 1.13

Element - a substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means.

• 115 elements have been identified

• 83 elements occur naturally on Earth

gold, aluminum, lead, oxygen, carbon

• 32 elements have been created by scientists

technetium, americium, seaborgium

Table 1.2

Compound - a substance composed of atoms of two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions. (Table 1.3)

Compounds can only be separated into their pure components (elements) by chemical means.

Water (H2O) Glucose (C6H12O6)

Ammonia (NH3)

Figure 1.9

States of Matter

Physical or Chemical?

Physical change - does not alter the composition or identity of a substance.

Chemical change - alters the composition or identity of the substance(s) involved:

ice meltingsugar dissolving

in water

• Hydrogen gas burns in oxygen gas to form water (Fig. 1.10)

• Copper reacts with nitric acid

to produce nitrogen dioxide (Fig. 1.11)

H2

O2

H2O

                               

                                                             

                                      

 

                         

 

Figure 1.7 Electrolysis of water

                

            

               

            

                

            

                

             

H2

O2

CathodeAnode