Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Transportation & Design Initiatives

Sarah L. Catz

Center for Urban Infrastructure

Institute of Transportation Studies and

University of California, Irvine

UCTC

California’s Rapid Growth

By 2030, CA is projected to

hold over 15% of the U.S.

population, approximately

50 million people, an increase

of 13.5 million or 37%.

CA currently has 3 out of the 5 most congested urban areas in the USA:

–Los Angeles (#1)

–San Francisco-Oakland (#2)

–San Diego (#5)

POLLUTION

Congestion costs CA approximately $20 billion per year in extra fuel and lost time, and congestion is increasing by an average of 10% per year

CA is the 12th largest source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on the planet, with emissions rising by 15.1% during 1990-2004

CA has recognized this problem and enacted legislation, AB 32 and SB375.

41% of the State’s emissions come from the transportation sector

National Fuel Cell Research Center

Facilitates the Development & Deployment of fuel cell technology and fuel cell systems

Dedicated in 1998 by the US Department of Energy and California Energy Commission

First university fuel cell research program established in United States

Fuel Cells & Hydrogen

Fuel Cells are Similar to Batteries--- Batteries store energy while fuel cells can produce electricity continuously as long as fuel and air are supplied

Electrochemically combine a fuel (typically hydrogen) and an oxidant without burning and emitting pollution.

– When used to deliver energy, hydrogen produces zero or very low emissions.

Emissions from a hydrogen fuel cell-powered vehicle contain only water vapor.

– Hydrogen today can be produced efficiently from natural gas as well as no-petroleum sources.

– Hydrogen emerging as principal candidate to meet the needs of next-generation transportation systems

Hydrogen Fueling Station

Orange County Grand Opening 2 years ago

First in CA capable of dispensing hydrogen at 10,000 pounds per square

inch– can double a car’s driving range.

Capacity of 25 Kilograms of Hydrogen per day– 5 to 10 fill-ups

3 to 6 minutes to fuel a vehicle

UC Irvine Hydrogen StationStation Details

Air Products, Series 200

Publicly accessible

(Users have 24-hour access with a pin code)

350 bar & 700 bar gaseous hydrogen dispensing

25kg/a day dispensing capacity

User friendly, retail-like design

Hydrogen Utilization

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles

FC H2H20

Zero Emission

DoublesEfficiency

• Fuel cell replaces the engine

• Gasoline is replaced

with hydrogen

Project Driveway

General Motors’ Program to familiarize

fuel cell vehicles with public

Applications for Drivers in Washington,

DC, Westchester County, NY and Orange

County, CA

Drive car for free for three months

43 mpg

170 miles per tank

Additional Fuel Cell Programs

Ford

– 30 fuel cell Focus compacts around the world

BMW

– 25 Hydrogen 7 cars

Honda

– Projecting 2018-2020 in showrooms

General Motors

– Projecting 2010-2011

Plug-in Vehicles

PLUG-IN HYBRID

• The secondary battery is larger

• The vehicle can plug into a socket to charge the battery from the electrical power grid

• Vehicle has some all electric range

Battery All-Electric Vehicles

• Zero emission vehicles

• Vehicle sharing program: “ZEV∙NET”

• Large battery pack for all electric range

• Ideal for integration with mass transit systems

Daimler

2010 Smart for Two EV

FORD

2010 –Transit EV

2011 –Focus launch

GM Chevy

2010 –Volt EV

Volkswagen/Audi

2011 Toureg PHEV

2013- E-UP! EV

BMW

2009 – Mini EV Trial

Driving Forces –Governmental

IncentivesU.S.

•$25B Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing

Loan program from the DOE; $2B economic stimulus

program for battery development –to put 1 million EV

on the road by 2015 (President Barack Obama)

•Stimulus grants awarded to date to Ford ($5.9B),

Nissan ($1.6B), Tesla ($0.5B)

China

•Funding to raise annual production capacity to

500,000 EV by the end of 2011

France

•$3.68B for 2 million electric cars on the road, and

1million charging points in place by 2020

Other Countries

Japan – Funding to guarantee that half of

all cars sold by 2020 will be electric

Spain - $360M funding to put 1 million

electric cars on the road by 2014

UK - $400M incentive program for

buyers of electric cars

Germany - $705M stimulus funding to put

1 million electric cars on the road by

2020.

Intelligent Transportation

Systems (ITS)

Information Technology

•Location Detection and Information

•Real Time Traffic Information

•Smart Signage/Kiosks

•Software that will connect vehicles to

smart charging and to transportation

information

•Crash Prevention

•Social Networking

I DRIVE GREENwww.ecodrivingusa.com

Project aims to create 250,000 greener

drivers by 2010

Three tips to be a greener driver

– Simple maintenance of car

– Drive with Finesse– avoid stop-starting

– Learn what your bad habits are– online

courses on good habits taught by race car

drivers

EcoGyser

Wind Farm

Stirling Solar Dish

Thank you