HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG

SLIDE BI GING

L THUYT V H THNG THNG TIN(Dng cho sinh vin h o to i hc t xa) Lu hnh ni b

H NI - 2009

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HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG

SLIDE BI GING

L THUYT V H THNG THNG TIN

Bin son :

THS. DNG TRN C

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Mc tiu Nhm trang b cho sinh vin cc kin thc tng qut v h thng thng tin (HTTT): ngha, mi quan h, v v tr ca HTTT i vi cc t chc. Mt s HTTT c th (TMT, h x l giao dch, h thng qun l ). Cc thc pht trin HTTT v cc vn lin quan3

Ni dung Chng 1: Gii thiu v HTTT Chng 2: Phn cng v phn mm ca HTTT Chng 3: T chc d liu v thng tin Chng 4: Mng truyn thng, Internet, Intranet, Extranet Chng 5: TMT v cc h thng x l giao dch.4

Ni dung Chng 6: H h tr quyt nh v thng tin qun l Chng 7: H thng thng tin nghip v chuyn bit Chng 8: Pht trin h thng Chng 9: Cc vn bo mt, ring t, o c lin quan n HTTT

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Gii thiu v H thng thng tinChng 1

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Mc tiu v ni dung Gi tr ca thng tin c lin h trc tip ti vic tr gip cho nh qun l trong vic ra quyt nh t c mc tiu. Phn bit d liu v thng tin, m t cc c im c s dng nh gi cht lng d liu.

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Mc tiu v ni dung Nm c cc nh hng tim tng ca HTTT v kh nng p dng vo cng vic c th em li thnh cng trong cng vic v doanh nghip c th t c mc tiu, x hi c cht lng cuc sng cao hn. Phn bit cc kiu c bn ca HTTT doanh nghip, ai s dng chng v chng c s dng nh th no, cc li ch ca HTTT.8

Mc tiu v ni dung Ngi dng h thng, nh qun l doanh nghip, cc chuyn gia HTTT phi lm vic vi nhau xy dng nn mt HTTT. Ch ra cc bc chnh trong qu trnh xy dng HTTT v mc tiu ca mi bc.

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Mc tiu v ni dung S dng HTTT lm gia tng cc gi tr cho doanh nghip c th lm cho doanh nghip tng cng nng lc cnh tranh vi cc i th. Ch ra qu trnh gia tng gi tr trong hot ng sn xut v m t vai tr ca HTTT trong qu trnh . Ch ra mt vi chin lc c p dng lm gim gi thnh hoc tng cng dch v. nh ngha khi nim li th cnh tranh v tho lun vic doanh nghip s dng HTTT t c li th cnh tranh.10

Mc tiu v ni dung Ngi vn hnh HTTT l nhn t chnh khai ph cc tim nng ca cc h thng mi hoc ci tin. nh ngha vai tr, chc nng, nhim v ca cc thnh phn trong HTTT.

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Khi nim thng tin

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H thng thng tin L mt tp cc thnh phn c lin quan, thu thp, x l v ph bin cc d liu, thng tin, a ra cc bo co, t c mc ch. V d: ATM, h thng t v my bay, h thng ng k kho hc.

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Phn bit d liu v thng tin D liu: cc s vic, thng tin mc th. Thng tin: Tp hp cc d liu th c t chc theo phng php lm cho chng c gi tr hn so vi dng th ban u.

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Qu trnh chuyn i d liu thnh thng tin

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c im ca thng tin c gi tr

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Cc thnh phn ca HTTT

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H thng thng tin da trn my tnhComputer-Based Information Systems (CBIS)

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Cc thnh phn ca mt CBIS

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Cc thnh phn ca CBIS Phn cng Cc thit b my tnh c s dng thc hin a nhp s liu, x l, v a ra cc kt qu. Phn mm Cc chng trnh my tnh iu hnh cc hot ng ca my tnh. C s d liu Mt tp hp c t chc cc d kin v thng tin, thng bao gm mt hoc vi file d liu c lin quan. Con ngi Thnh phn quan trng nht ca mt h thng thng tin da trn my tnh. Quy trnh - Bao gm cc chin lc, quy tc, phng thc, quy nh s dng CBIS.20

Mng vin thng, mng my tnh v Internet Mng vin thng Truyn dn cc tn hiu dng in t phc v cho truyn thng. Mng my tnh S dng kt ni cc my tnh v cc thit b in t khc trong doanh nghip, trong phm vi quc gia, thm ch ton th gii cho php truyn thng in t. Internet Mng my tnh ln nht th gii, bao gm hng triu cc mng my tnh khc kt ni vi nhau.21

H thng thng tin thng miBusiness Information Systems - BIS

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H thng thng tin thng mai Thng mi in t H thng x l giao dch v h thng qun l ti nguyn doanh nghip (ERP) H tr gip quyt nh v thng tin. Cc h thng thng tin c bit: Tr tru nhn to, h chuyn gia, thc ti o.

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Thng mi in t Business-to-business Business-to-consumer Consumer-to-consumer

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Thng mi in t lm n gin ho qu trnh mua bn

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H thng x l giao dch v qun l ti nguyn doanh nghip H thng x l giao dch (Transaction Processing System - TPS) Mt tp hp c t chc cc thnh phn nh con ngi, cc quy trnh, phn mm, CSDL, thit b, dng lu tr v qun l cc giao dch thng mi. H thng qun l doanh nghip tch hp (Enterprise Resource Planning ERP) Mt tp hp cc chng trnh c tch hp vi nhau, c kh nng qun l cc hot ng thng mi quan trng ca doanh nghip trn ton b cc phng din.26

H thng x l giao dch tr lng

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Functional Management Information Systems Draw Data from the Organizations TPS

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H h tr quyt nhDecision Support Systems (DSS)

Mt tp hp c t chc cc thnh phn: con ngi, cc quy trnh, phn mm, CSDL, cc thit b, dng h tr cc hot ng ra quyt nh trong mt lnh vc c th. H tr gip quyt nh ch trng vo nng cao hiu qu ca vic ra quyt nh.

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Cc thnh phn chnh ca DSS

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Cc h thng tin thng mi c bit H tr tu nhn to (Artificial intelligence H thc ti o (Virtual reality systems) H chuyn gia (Expert systems)-AI)

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Thnh phn chnh ca h tr tu nhn to

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A Head-Mounted Display

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Data Glove

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Pht trin h thngL hot ng to mi hoc chnh sa h thng sn c. u t Phn tch h thng Thit k Xy dng Vn hnh, bo tr

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Doanh nghip vi H thng thng tin

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M hnh hot ng chung ca cc t chc

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Chui gi tr ca mt doanh nghip sn xut

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Technology Diffusion, Infusion, and Acceptance Technology Diffusion - Mt php o cho bit cng ngh c p dng nh th no trong ton b doanh nghip. Technology Infusion Phm vi p dng ca cng ngh. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) Ch ra cc nhn t c th dn n s chp nhn cao hn vic s dng cng ngh trong mt doanh nghip.

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Li th cnh tranhCompetitive Advantage

Mt li ch lu di v quan trng ca cng ty trong cnh tranh. Cc nhn t khin cho doanh nghip phi tm kim li th cnh tranh S ganh ua gia cc i th e do cnh tranh t mt i th mi e do cnh tranh t mt sn phm hoc dch v thay th Sc mnh thng lng ca cc nh cung cp v khch hng.40

Hoch nh chin lc cho li th cnh tranh Thay th cu trc, quy trnh cng nghip To ra cc sn phm v dch v mi Ci tin dng sn phm v dch v S dng h thng thng tin cho mc ch chin lc.

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Competitive Advantage Factors and Strategies

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H thng thng tin da trn hiu sut Nng sut Cht lng Kh nng thu hi u t v gi tr ca HTTT Gia tng doanh thu Gia tng th phn Hi lng khch hng Tng chi ph ca doanh nghip khng i

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Three Stages in the Business Use of IS

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Vai tr, chc nng, nhim v ca b phn qun l HTTT Operations: Vn hnh Systems Development: Pht trin h thng Support: H tr

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Ba vai tr c bn trong qun l HTTT

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Cc chc danh chnh The Chief Information Officer: Gim c cng ngh LAN Administrators: Qun tr h thng IT Careers: Nhn vin IT

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Ti sao cn tm hiu v HTTT?

Advance in your career Solve problems Realize opportunities Meet your career goals

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Summary Data - raw facts Information - data transformed into a meaningful form Systems development - creating or modifying existing business systems Organization - a formal collection of people and various other resources established to accomplish a set of goals

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Bi tp1 The Characteristics of Valuable Information Mark is the President of Lomax Accounting Firm. His firm has decided to send weekly company newsletters to the employees. He has been investigating different methods to disseminate the information to the employees. He is considering placing a newsletter in each employees mailbox, sending the copies to the employees email addresses, or sending around one routing copy of the newsletter. Create a table that lists the three methods of sending the information (mailbox, email, routing copy) and evaluates the methods of sending the information relative to the following characteristics of valuable data: timely, economical, accessible, and reliable.Email Employees Timely Economical Reliable Accessible Routing Copy Employees Mailbox

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Bi tp2 - An information system is a specialized type of system that can be defined as a set of interrelated elements or components that collect (input), manipulate (process) and disseminate (output) data and information and provide a feedback element. An information system consists of input, processing, output and feedback. An ATM machine is a type of information system. If a person wants to withdraw money, he or she must enter the amount of money he or she wants to withdraw (input). The ATM machine subtracts the amount from his or her bank accounts (processing), and the money is withdrawn from the machine (output). If a person tries to withdraw more money from his or her account than he or she has, an error message will be printed on the screen (feedback). Create a table listing the input, processing, output, and feedback needed for a payroll, catalog ordering, and car manufacturing system.Payroll Input Output Processing Feedback Airlines Ticket Booking Car Manufacturing

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3 Information and Decision Support Systems Management Information Systems and Decision Support Systems are used to satisfy the decision-making needs of managers. A management information system is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to provide routine information to managers and decision makers. The main focus of this type of system is on operational efficiency. A decision support system is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to support problem-specific decision making. The main focus of this type of system is to support rather than replace managerial decision making. Michael owns a computer supply store and is trying to decide whether he needs a management information system, a decision support system or both. The main functions he needs to perform are: 1.determine when to order supplies 2.determine how many items to order 3.give employees a raise 4.replace an existing item with a new item 5.determine how many new employees to hire for next year Create a table that lists the functions of his business, what type of system he should use (Management Information System or Decision Support System) and a reason why he should select this type of system.Function When to order supplies Number of items to order Give employees a raise Replace an existing item with a new item Number of employees to hire for next year System Used Reason to Select System

Bi tp

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Phn cng v phn mm ca h thng thng tinChng 2

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Mc tiu v ni dung Ngi s dng HTTT phi phi hp cht ch vi cc chuyn gia xy dng h thng nhm lm r cc yu cu nghip v, nh gi cc phng n, la chn thnh phn phn cng, phn mm c th a ra mt gii php ph hp nht cho yu cu chung. Ch ra c vai tr ca cc thnh phn phn cng ch yu ca h thng my tnh Lit k v m t cc lp thng dng ca h thng my tnh v m t vai tr ca chng. Ch ra vai tr ca h iu hnh v tho lun qu trnh thay i, nng cp trong tng lai. Ch ra v m t chc nng ca 2 loi phn mm chnh.54

Mc tiu Cc t chc khng pht trin cc phn mm ng dng c quyn, tr khi iu p ng c nhu cu thc y kinh doanh v to ra c li th cnh tranh. Ch ra c cc phn mm ng dng c th h tr cc c nhn, nhm lm vic v cc hot ng kinh doanh nh th no. Ch ra 3 phng php c bn pht trin phn mm ng dng.55

Mc tiu Ngi dng cui v cc chuyn gia h thng s dng ngn ng lp trnh c cc c im chc nng ph hp vi quy trnh nghip v h thng. S lc qu trnh pht trin ca ngn ng lp trnh v nhn mnh s khc nhau gia cc ngn ng c s dng bi ngi dng cui v chuyn gia h thng.

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Cc thnh phn ca h thng my tnh

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Hot ng ca cc thnh phn phn cng Giai on np lnh Step 1: Np lnh Step 2: Gii m lnh

Giai on thc thi Step 3: Thc thi lnh Step 4: Lu kt qu

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Thc thi 1 lnh

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Cc thit b nh v thit b x l

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Chc nng v c im ca thit b x l Machine cycle time: Thi gian x l 1 lnh Clock speed: Tc ng h Wordlength: T my Superconductivity: Tnh siu dn

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nh lut Moore

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Number of Bytes

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Cc loi b nh Random access memory (RAM) EDO RAM SDRAM DRAM

Read-only memory (ROM) PROM EPROM64

Cc loi b nh

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Thit b xut v lu tr ph

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Cc phng php truy cp Sequential access: Truy cp tun t Direct access: Truy cp trc tip Sequential access storage devices Direct access storage devices

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Cc thit b nh ph Magnetic tapes bng t Magnetic discs a t RAID SAN Optical discs: a quang Magneto-optical discs: a t quang Digital versatile discs (DVD) Memory cards: Th nh/B nh Flash Expandable storage68

Types of Secondary Storage

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Hard Disc

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Storage Area Network

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Digital Versatile Disc Player

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Expandable Storage

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So snh cc thit b lu tr ph

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Thit b nhp Personal computer input devices Voice-recognition devices Digital computer cameras Terminals Scanning devices

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A PC Equipped with a Computer Camera

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Thit b xut Display Monitors Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) Printers and Plotters Music Devices

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Cc loi my tnh

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Phn mm

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Phn mm Computer programs Documentation Systems software Computer system platform Application software

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Phn loi phn mm theo kiu v tm nh hng

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Phn mm h thng

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H iu hnh Perform common computer hardware functions: Thc hin cc chc nng iu khin phn cng Provide a user interface: Cung cp giao din ngi dng Provide a degree of hardware independence: Cung cp cc cp c lp phn cng Manage system memory: Qun l b nh Manage processing tasks: Qun l thc hin tc v Provide networking capability: Cung cp kh nng kt ni mng Control access to system resources: iu khin truy cp ti nguyn Manage files: Qun l file83

Vai tr ca h iu hnh

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Giao din lp trnh ng dng

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An Example of the Operating System Controlling Physical Access to Data

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Cc h iu hnh ph bin

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Workgroup Operating Systems Windows 2000 Server Unix Netware Red Hat Linux Mac OS X Server

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Consumer Appliance Operating Systems Windows CE .NET Windows XP Embedded Handheld PC Pocket PC Palm OS

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Phn mm ng dng

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Sources of Software

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Phn mm c quyn v phn mm vit sn

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Examples of Personal Productivity Software

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TurboTax

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Quicken

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Word Processing Program

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Spreadsheet Program

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Database Program

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Graphics Program

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Software Suites

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Enterprise Application Software

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Use of Integrated Supply Chain Management Software

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Selected Enterprise Resource Planning Vendors

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Summary of Programming Languages

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Summary Hardware devices work together to perform input, processing, data storage, and output. There are two main categories of software: systems software and application software. An operating system (OS) is a set of computer programs that controls the computer hardware to support users computing needs. Application software may be proprietary or off-the-shelf. There are five generations of programming languages, plus objectoriented programming languages.

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Bi tpDevice a cng a mm a quang (CD) Bng t B nh Flash Access Method Capacity Portability

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Bi tpLoi b nh Loi RAM khng phi lm ti nh k Loi RAM phi lm ti nh k Loi RAM c th truy cp lin tip Loi RAM truy cp ng b Loi ROM c th lp trnh c sau khi sn xut Loi ROM c th xa i ghi li c Tn gi

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Bi tpc im Loi phn mm dng kt hp cc hot ng v chc nng ca phn cng Loi phn mm c pht trin ring cho 1 t chc no bi 1 bn th 3 Loi phn mm c pht trin cho th trng chung v c th t mua ti ca hng Loi phn mm

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Bi tpc im Cc lnh c dng ta ting Anh. Chng trnh cn c cc b dch chuyn thnh ngn ng my. Cho php ngi vit chng trnh s dng cc cng c ko th v dng chut Cc lnh c vit dng m my Cc t rt gn c s dng m t cc thao tc. Mi thao tc c a ch v cc tham s. Cn cc b hp dch Ngn ng d s dng, cc lnh c th c s dng ra lnh cho my tnh thc hin cng vic m khng cn ch chi tit Ngn ng m phng cc i tng, mi i tng c d liu, cc lnh, v cc th tc. Th h V d

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T chc d liu v thng tinChng 3

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Mc tiu Phng php qun l d liu thng qua CSDL em li nhiu u im so vi phng php qun l tp truyn thng. nh ngha cc khi nim v thut ng v qun l d liu, nhn mnh cc u/ nhc im ca phng php qun l d liu thng qua CSDL. Nu ra 3 m hnh CSDL v s lc cc c im, u/nhc im ca tng m hnh.111

Mc tiu Mt CSDL c thit k v qun l tt s em li mt cng c cc k gi tr trong vic h tr ra quyt nh. Ch ra cc chc nng chung c thc hin bi tt c cc h thng qun l CSDL v ch ra 3 h qun tr CSDL thng dng.

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Mc tiu Cc ci tin hn na trong vic s dng CSDL s tip tc c nghin cu v em li cc li ch cho qun l kinh doanh. Nu ra cc ng dng ca CSDL.

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Phn cp d liu

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Kho v cc thuc tnh

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Qun l d liu bng phng php truyn thng

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Qun l d liu thng qua CSDL

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u im ca CSDL

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Nhc im ca CSDL

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M hnh ha d liu Planned data redundancy: d tnh d tha d liu Data model: m hnh ha d liu Enterprise data modeling: m hnh ha d liu doanh nghip Entity-relationship diagrams: s quan h thc th

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S quan h thc th cho CSDL t hng

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Cc phng php m hnh ha Hierarchical (tree) : Phn cp Network : Mng Relational : Quan h

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M hnh CSDL phn cp

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M hnh CSDL mng

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M hnh CSDL quan h

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M hnh quan hM t d liu qua cc bng, theo tt c thnh phn d liu c t vo 1 bng 2 chiu, gi l cc quan h, tng ng vi 1 file v mt logic. Domain: Vng gi tr Selecting: Php chn (lc theo hng) Projecting: Php chiu (lc theo ct) Joining: Php ni

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Lin kt cc bng trong CSDL tr li cc truy vn

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Xy dng v hiu chnh cc CSDL quan h

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H qun tr CSDLDBMS: Database Management Systems

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Database Schema: Lc CSDL Schema m t cu trc ca ton b CSDL. Subschema mt file cha cc m t v mt tp con ca CSDL v ch ra nhng ngi dng c th hiu chnh cc mc d liu trong tp con .

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S dng schema v subschema

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To v hiu chnh CSDL Data definition language (DDL) Ngn ng nh ngha d liu: Mt tp hp cc lnh dng nh ngha v m t d liu v quan h d liu trong 1 CSDL. Data dictionary T in d liu: M t chi tit v d liu trong CSDL

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T in d liu Cung cp cc nh ngha chun v cc thut ng v cc thnh phn d liu Tr gip ngi lp trnh trong thit k v vit chng trnh n gin ha vic hiu chnh d liu Gim tnh d tha d liu Tng tin cy ca d liu Gim thi gian pht trin h thng133

Storing and Retrieving Data

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Structured Query Language

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Database Output

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Cc h qun tr CSDL ph bin Oracle MS SQL Server DB2 Informix MySQL Microsoft Access Lotus 1-2-3 Spreadsheet

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Worldwide Database Market Share (2001)

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La chn h qun tr CSDL ph hp Kch thc CSDL S ngi dng ng thi Hiu sut Tnh nng Nh cung cp Gi c

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Cc ng dng CSDL

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Kho d liu v khai ph d liu Data Warehouse Mt CSDL thu thp cc thng tin thng mi t nhiu ngun trong doanh nghip, bao trm ton b cc kha cnh hot ng ca doanh nghip nh cc sn phm, khch hng, quy trnh hot ng. Data Mart Tp con ca data warehouse. Data Mining Mt cng c phn tch thng tin c kh nng t ng pht hin cc mu v cc mi quan h trng kho d liu.141

Elements of a Data Warehouse

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Cc ng dng khai ph d liu thng dng

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Business IntelligenceGathering enough of the right information in a timely manner and usable form. Competitive intelligence Counterintelligence Knowledge management

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So snh OLAP v Data Mining

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ODBC

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Object-Relational Database Management System Stores the following types of data as objects: audio images unstructured text spatial data

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Spatial Technology

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Summary Data - one of the most valuable resources a firm possesses. Entity - a generalized class of objects for which data is collected, stored, and maintained. Attribute - a characteristic of an entity. DBMS - a group of programs used as an interface between a database and application programs. Data mining - the automated discovery of patterns and relationships in a data warehouse.

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Bi 1 CSDL The database approach consists of a system whereby a pool of related data is shared by multiple application programs. Illustrate a student registration system. The student data will be stored in a database, and the Student Registration system will be used to interface the student database with the Student Registration, Student Transcript, and Student Bill application programs. The output from the system will be the student registration report, student transcript, and student bill.

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Bi 2 SQLCreate a database application using Microsoft Access to keep track of the classes offered in a department at a school. Create a table named Ch3Courses that will contain the Course ID, Course Name, Instructor Name, Student Name, Semester, and Year. Use the following table structure:Course ID 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 CourseName IST 100 IST 153 IST 117 IST 100 IST 200 IST 117 IST 100 IST 153 IST 117 IST 117 IST 153 IST 200 IST 153 IST 100 InstructorName Jones, Betty Lomax, Mark Burke, Joe Jones, Betty Smart, Doris Burke, Joe Jones, Betty Lomax, Mark Burke, Joe Burke, Joe Lomax, Mark Smart, Doris Lomax, Mark Jones, Betty

Field Name CourseID CourseName InstructorName StudentName Semester Year StudentName Black, Joe Crowe, Ross Luck, Cheryl Lewis, John Wood, Mark Crowe, Ross Brown, Venus Mandro, Jackie Jackson, Jerry Lewis, John Wang, George Brown, Venus Lewis, John Lowson, Kurt

Size 2 30 30 30 8 4

Type Text Text Text Text Text Text

Primary Key Yes

Semester Fall Spring Summer Spring Fall Summer Spring Fall Fall Spring Fall Spring Summer Summer

Year 2002 2003 2001 2002 2002 2001 2000 2002 2000 2001 2000 2001 2001 2003

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Write SQL command to perform the following queries:1. Display the Student Name, Course Name, and Instructor Name for all students taking classes during the Spring semester. 2. Display the Student Name, Course Name, and Instructor Name for all students taking classes during the Spring 2001 semester. Sort the records in ascending order based on the Instructor Name. 3. Display the Student Name and Course Name for all students taking classes with Joe Burke. 4. Display the Student Name for all students that have taken IST 100. 5. Display the Student Name and Instructor Name for all students that have taken classes in 2002.

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Mng vin thng, Internet, Intranets, v ExtranetsChng 4

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Mc tiu Vic s dng hiu qu cc cng ngh vin thng v mng my tnh c th gip cho doanh nghip tr nn nhanh nhy, mnh m, sng to hn, to ra mt li th cnh tranh lu di. nh ngha khi nim vin thng, ch ra v m t chc nng ca cc thnh phn ca 1 h thng vin thng. Ch ra v m t ba chin lc x l d liu c bn, cc u im/nhc im.

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Mc tiu Internet l 1 mng my tnh c phm vi ton cu, cung cp nhiu dch v a dng. M t hot ng ca mng Internet, cc phng php kt ni Internet v vai tr ca cc nh cung cp dch v Internet. Ch ra v m t cc dch v thng dng trn Internet.155

Mc tiu World Wide Web ban u c pht trin nh mt h thng qun l ti liu, sau ny pht trin mnh m tr thnh 1 dch v khng th thiu trn Internet. M t hot ng ca WWW, hot ng ca Web browser, search engines, v cc cng c Web khc. Cc khi nim intranet, extranet v cc t chc s dng chng ra sao. Ch ra mt s vn v qun l v iu khin gn lin vi vic s dng mng my tnh.156

Cc thnh phn ca 1 h thng vin thng

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Phng tin truyn dn

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Cc loi cp ph bin

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Cc thit b vin thng ph bin

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Carriers and Services Common carriers Switched lines Digital subscriber lines (DSL)

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u / Nhc im ca mt s loi dch v truyn thng

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Mng v x l phn tn Computer network Cc h thng my tnh c kt ni vi nhau thng qua cc phng tin truyn dn, cc thit b v phn mm. Centralized processing X l tp trung ti 1 ni hoc 1 thit b. Decentralized processing Cc thit b x l c t ti cc v tr khc nhau. Distributed processing Cc h thng my tnh t xa nhng c kt ni vi nhau qua cc thit b truyn thng.

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Terminal-to-Host Connection

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File Server Connection

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Client/Server Connection

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A Typical LAN

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A Wide Area Network

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Kt ni h thng my tnh gia nh ti mng Internet

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Cc giao thc v phn mm truyn thng Communications software Phn mm truyn thng: cung cp cc chc nng quan trng trong mng. Network operating system H iu hnh mng: iu khin cc h thng my tnh v thit b trong mng v cho php chng kt ni vi nhau. Network management software Phn mm qun l mng: Gim st hot ng ca cc h thng my tnh trong mng v cc ti nguyn chia s. Communications protocol Giao thc truyn thng: Cc lut v cc tiu chun cho qua trnh truyn thng.170

Cc giao thc truyn thng thng dng

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Internet

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Truyn gi tin qua mng Internet

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Hot ng ca Internet Internet Protocol (IP) Transport Control Protocol Uniform Resource Locator

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Tn min top-level

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Kt ni ti Internet

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Internet v cc dch v truyn thng

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Summary of Internet Services

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Hai phng php trao i thng tin in t

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Public Network and Specialized Services

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The World Wide Web

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The World Wide WebMt dch v Internet bao gm hng triu my tnh c lp nhng hot ng cng nhau c xem nh 1 i vi ngi dng.Home page Hypermedia Hypertext markup language (HTML)

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Several Interesting Web Sites

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Sample HTML

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Search Engine

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Web Page Providing Java Applets

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Intranets and Extranets

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Intranets and Extranets Intranet Mt mng ni b doanh nghip c xy dng theo cc chun Internet v WWW. Extranet Mng my tnh kt ni cc ti nguyn ca mt intranet ca 1 doanh nghip vi khch hng, nh cung cp, i tc Virtual private network Mt kt ni an ton gia 2 im truy cp thng qua mng Internet. Firewall Mt thit b c t gia mng ni b v mng Internet nhm kim sot an ninh.188

Summary of Internet, Intranet, and Extranet Users

189

Virtual Private Network

190

Cc vn v mng

191

Vn an ton v ring t Cookie Cryptography Encryption Digital Signature

192

Cryptography

193

Summary Networks - used to share hardware, programs, and databases across the organization. Internet - transmits data from one computer (called a host) to another. The Web - a collection of tens of thousands of independently owned computers that work together as one in an Internet service.194

Thng mi in t v cc h thng x l giao dchChng 5

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Mc tiu Thng mi in t (TMT) l mt phng php mi trong kinh doanh. Tng t nh cc ng dng cng ngh mi khc, TMT mang li cc c hi pht trin mi v cng mang li nhng vn tim tng. Ch ra mt s u im ca TMT Ch ra nhng thch thc m cc doanh nghip phi vt qua nu mun thnh cng trong TMT Xem xt mt vi ng dng TMT196

Mc tiu TMT cn phi c lp k hoch cn thn v cn tch hp mt s thnh phn h tng cng ngh. Nu ra cc thnh phn chnh ca h tng cng ngh cn c xy dng thnh cng 1 h thng TMT Tho lun cc c im chnh ca h thng thanh ton in t cn thit h tr TMT Ch ra cc vn chnh e da s pht trin ca TMT197

Mc tiu Mt h thng x l giao dch phi c kh nng h tr cc hot ng thng nht, cc hot ng xut hin trong qu trnh vn hnh thng thng ca h thng kinh doanh v gip gia tng gi tr cc sn phm v dch v ca doanh nghip Ch ra cc hnh ng v mc tiu kinh doanh c bn chung cho tt c cc h thng x l giao dch. Tho lun v tm quan trng ca vic lp k hoch cho phc hi kinh doanh v gim thiu ri ro i vi cc h thng x l giao dch quan trng.198

Mc tiu Thc thi mt h thng ERP s cho php doanh nghip t c cc li ch to ln thng qua mt tp hp h thng c tch hp vi nhau nh ngha khi nim ERP v tho lun cc u nhc im trong vic trin khai 1 h thng nh vy

199

Thng mi in t

200

Electronic Commerce Business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-commerce

201

Supply Chain Management

202

Chui gi tr trong TMT Vic chuyn i sang qun l chui gi tr TMT gip cho doanh nghip c c hi: Gia tng doanh thu v gim chi ph bng vic loi b cc hot ng tiu tn thi gian v nhn lc trong sut qu trnh t hng v giao hng. Gia tng s hi lng ca khch hng thng qua vic cho php khch hng xem thng tin chi tit v thi gian giao hng v tnh trng n t hng. Gim vn kho bi, bao gm kho cha nguyn liu th, kho cha sn phm hon thin 203

Product and Information Flow for HP Printers Ordered Over the Web

204

Cc ng dng TMT

205

Cc ng dng TMT Bn l v bn bun Sn xut Marketing u t v ti chnh u gi

206

Bn l v bn bun Electronic retailing Bn hng trc tip t doanh nghip ti ngi tiu dng thng qua cc ca hng trn mng. Cybermall Mt Web site c cc gian hng v nhiu sn phm v dch v khc nhau ti cng 1 v tr trn Internet.

207

Model of an Electronic Exchange

208

Web Sites Useful to Investors

209

Popular Stock Tracker Web Sites

210

Cng ngh, C s h tng v pht trin TMT

211

Cc thnh phn k thut cng ngh chnh ca h thng TMT

212

Hardware Dung lng lu tr v kh nng x l cn thit cho my ch Web trong TMT ph thuc vo 2 vn chnh: Phn mm chy trn Web server S lng giao dch TMT cn phi x l

213

Software Cng c pht trin Web Phn mm xy dng Web v h thng TMT Phn mm danh mc hng Phn mm chi tit sn phm Gi hng in t

214

Electronic Shopping Cart

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H thng thanh ton in t Electronic cash Electronic wallets Credit, charge, debit, and smart cards

216

Tng quan v h thng x l giao dch

217

TPS, MIS/DSS, and Special-Purpose Information Systems

218

Cc phng php x l giao dch truyn thng Batch processing X l theo l: Phng php x l da trn my tnh, theo cc giao dch thng mi c gom li trong 1 khong thi gian v sau c x l cng lc. On-line transaction processing (OLTP) X l trc tuyn: Phng php x l da trn my tnh, theo mi giao dch c x l ngay lp tc v cc thng tin nh hng c cp nht ngay219

Batch versus On-Line Processing

220

Tch hp cc h x l giao dch ca doanh nghip

221

Cc hot ng x l giao dch Data collection: Thu thp thng tin Data editing: Chnh sa thng tin Data correction: Sa li Data manipulation: Thao tc, x l Data storage: Lu tr Document production and reports: Lp ti liu v bo co

222

Data Processing Activities Common in Transaction Processing Systems

223

Point-of-Sale Transaction System

224

Systems that Support Order Processing

225

Order Processing Systems

226

Lp k hoch khi phc kinh doanhQu trnh d on v gim thiu nh hng ca s tht bi trong ng dng HTTT Tp trung vo 2 vn chnh: Duy tr s thng sut v gn kt thng tin ca doanh nghip Duy tr hot ng ca cc h thng chnh cho n khi cc hot ng nghip v bnh thng tr li

Disaster recovery Thc thi k hoch khi phc kinh doanh227

Enterprise Resource Planning

228

Some ERP Software Vendors

229

c im chung ca cc h thng ERP Integrate data Operate in Client/Server Environment Based on Objects Employ Tables

230

Advantages of ERP Elimination of costly, inflexible legacy systems Improvement of work processes Increase in access to data for operational decision making Upgrade of technology infrastructure

231

Disadvantages of ERP Expense and time in implementation Difficulty integrating with other systems Risks in using one vendor

232

Summary E-commerce includes business-to-business (B2B), business-toconsumer (B2C), consumer-to-consumer (C2C). Transaction Processing Systems (TPSs) - consist of all the components of a CBIS, including databases, telecommunications, people, procedures, software, and hardware devices to process transactions. Business resumption plan anticipates and minimizes the effects of disasters. Disaster recovery implements disaster resumption plan.

233

H tr gip quyt nh v thng tinChng 6

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Mc tiu Cc k nng gii quyt vn v ra quyt nh l yu t ch cht cho vic pht trin cc h thng tr gip quyt nh v thng tin. nh ngha cc giai on ca qu trnh ra quyt nh. Tho lun tm quan trng ca vic thc hin v gim st trong gii quyt vn .

235

Mc tiu H thng thng tin qun l (MIS) phi cung cp cc thng tin ng n cho ng ngi cn thit di mt dng thc chun v ng thi gian cn thit. nh ngha thut ng MIS v phn bit s khc nhau gia MIS v TPS Tho lun cc h thng thng tin trong cc lnh vc nghip v ca t chc kinh doanh.

236

Mc tiu H tr gip quyt nh c s dng khi vn cn gii quyt c tnh phi cu trc. Ch ra v tho lun cc c im ca DSS, nhng c im gip cho cc DSS c th tr thnh cc cng c tr gip qun l hiu qu. Ch ra v m t cc thnh phn c bn ca DSS237

Mc tiu Cc h tr gip c bit, chng hn cc h tr gip quyt nh nhm hoc h tr gip thi hnh s dng cc phng php tip cn tng th ca 1 DSS trong cc bi cnh nh vic ra quyt nh thi hnh hoc quyt nh nhm. Ch ra mc ch ca GDSS v ch ra cc c im phn bit GDSS vi DSS Ch ra cc trng hp s dng ESS v lit k cc c im ca ESS.238

Tr gip quyt nh v gii quyt vn

239

Mi quan h gia tr gip quyt nh v gii quyt vn

240

Cc quyt nh c th lp trnh c v khng lp trnh c Cc quyt nh lp trnh c C th d dng tin hc ha c

Cc quyt nh khng lp trnh c Cc lut v cc quan h khng nh ngha c Vn khng c quy lut Khng d nh lng

241

Cc phng php gii quyt vn Optimization: Ti u ha tm phng n tt nht Satisficing: Tm phng n tt Heuristics: Tm phng n tt theo cm tnh

242

Optimization, Satisficing, and Heuristic Approaches

243

Tng quan v h thng thng tin qun l

244

Ngun thng tin qun l

245

Cc bo co c to ra bi MIS

246

Reports Generated by an MIS

247

Hng dn xy dng cc bo co MIS

248

Cc chc nng nghip v ca MIS

249

Functional Aspects of MIS

250

Tng quan h thng thng tin qun l ti chnh

251

H thng thng tin qun l sn xut Material requirements planning (MRP) Manufacturing resource planning (MRPII) Just in time (JIT) inventory system

252

Tng quan h thng thng tin qun l sn xut

253

Tng quan h thng thng tin qun l marketing

254

H thng thng tin qun l nhn sGm cc hot ng lin quan n nhn vin hin ti v cc nhn vin tng lai ca t chc, doanh nghip Cc h thng con: nh gi k hoch v nhu cu Tuyn dng o to v pht trin k nng Lp k hoch v phn b nhn s Quyn li nhn vin255

Tng quan h thng thng tin qun l nhn s

256

Cc h thng thng tin qun l khc Accounting MIS Cung cp cc thng tin tng th v thu chi, bng lng, v cc ng dng khc. Geographic Information Systems h thng my tnh c kh nng tch hp, lu tr, x l v hin th cc thng tin a l.

257

Tng quan v h h tr quyt nh

258

Cc kh nng ca h h tr quyt nh

H tr giai on gii quyt vn H tr cc tn sut ra quyt nh khc nhau H tr cc vn khc nhau v cu trc H tr cc mc ra quyt nh khc nhau

259

Selected DSS Applications

260

H tr cc mc ra quyt nh khc nhau

261

So snh MIS v DSS

262

Cc thnh phn ca DSS

263

M hnh ca DSS

264

C s m hnh

265

H h tr quyt nh nhmGroup Decision Support Systems: GDSS

266

Cu hnh ca GDSS

267

c im ca GDSS Special design Ease of use Flexibility Decision-making support Anonymous input Reduction of negative group behavior Parallel communication Automated record keeping268

GDSS Alternatives

269

The GDSS Decision Room

270

H thng tr gip Lnh o

271

Cc cp bc lin quan trong vn ra quyt nh ca Ban Lnh o

272

Executive Support Systems (ESS) in Perspective Tailored to individual executives Easy to use Drill down capabilities Support need for external data Can help when uncertainty is high Future-oriented Linked to value-added processes273

Capabilities of an ESS Support for defining an overall vision Support for strategic planning Support for strategic organizing & staffing Support for strategic control Support for crisis management

274

Summary Decision-making phase - includes intelligence, design, and choice Problem solving - also includes implementation and monitoring Decision approaches - optimization, satisficing, and heuristic Management information system - an integrated collection of people, procedures, databases, and devices that provide managers and decision makers with information to help achieve organizational goals275

Summary Decision support system (DSS) - an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices working to support managerial decision making Group decision support system (GDSS) - also called a computerized collaborative work system, consists of most of the elements in a DSS, plus software needed to provide effective support in group decision-making settings Executive support systems (ESSs) - specialized decision support systems designed to meet the needs of senior management276

Cc h thng thng tin thng mi c bitChng 7

277

Mc tiu H tr tu nhn to l 1 tp hp rng v a dng cc h thng c th m phng cc hot ng ra quyt nh ca con ngi trong mt s vn c nh ngha r rng. nh ngha thut ng tr tu nhn tp v ch ra mc tiu ca vic pht trin cc h tr tu nhn to. Lit k cc c im ca 1 hnh vi c tr tu v so snh vi kh nng ca cc h tr tu t nhin v tr tu nhn to theo mi c im ny. Ch ra cc thnh phn chnh ca h tr tu nhn to v a ra v d.278

Mc tiu Cc h chuyn gia c th php ngi dng cha c kinh nghim lm vic cp chuyn gia, nhng phi pht trin v duy tr h thng mt cch cn trng. Lit k cc c im v thnh phn c bn ca h chuyn gia. M t tm tt cc bc pht trin mt h chuyn gia. Ch ra cc li ch gn lin vi vic s dng h chuyn gia.279

Mc tiu Cc h thc ti o c kh nng ti lp hnh nh giao din gia ngi dng v HTTT thng qua cc phng php mi truyn t thng tin mt cch sng to nh ngha thut ng thc ti o v cung cp 1 s v d v ng dng ca h thc ti o.

Cc h thng c mc ch c bit c th gip cho cc c nhn v doanh nghip t c mc tiu.280

Tng quan v tr tu nhn to

281

Tnh t nhin ca tr tu Hc t kinh nghim v p dng kin thc iu khin cc tnh hung phc tp Gii quyt cc vn quan trng k c khi thiu thng tin. Xc nh c ci g l quan trng?

282

The Nature of Intelligence Phn ng nhanh v hp l i vi cc tnh hung mi Hiu c cc hnh nh trc quan X l v thao tc vi cc k hiu Sng to v giu tr tng tng S dng cm tnh

283

So snh tr tu t nhin v tr tu nhn to

284

M hnh ca tr tu nhn to

285

Tng quan v h chuyn gia

286

Cc c im ca h chuyn gia C th gii thch cc suy din v kt lun ca n C th biu th cc hnh vi thng minh C th rt ra cc kt lun t cc mi quan h phc tp C th gii quyt cc tnh hung khng chc chn Cha c s dng rng ri

287

Characteristics of an Expert System Mi h chuyn gia gii hn trong mt phm vi hp cc vn gii quyt c Khng th sn sng gii quyt cc vn c kin thc tng hp C th ra quyt nh sai Khng th t tinh ch tri thc Chi ph pht trin c th cao C th lin quan n cc vn lut php v o c

288

Khi no s dng h chuyn gia Khng mun phi tr lng cao cho cc chuyn gia thc Gi gn cc kin thc chuyn gia qu bu Kin thc chuyn gia b phn tn Cung cp cc hot ng kin nh hn con ngi a ra gii php nhanh hn con ngi Hun luyn nghip v

289

Thnh phn ca h chuyn gia

290

Mi quan h gia d liu, thng tin, v tri thc

291

Cc lut trong h chuyn gia t vn kim duyt cp th tn dng

292

Cng c thu nhn tri thc

293

C s tri thc Tch hp kin thc chuyn gia S dng logic m S dng cc lut S dng cc tnh hung

294

My suy din

Suy din li Suy din tin So snh suy din li v tin

295

Pht trin h chuyn gia

296

Cc nhn t tham gia pht trin v s dng h chuyn gia

297

Domain Expert Nhn din vn thc Pht trin cc framework gii quyt vn Hnh thnh cng thc cho nguyn l gii quyt tnh hung Pht trin v s dng cc lut tng qut gii quyt vn Bit khi no cn ph v lut v cc quy tc chung Gii quyt vn nhanh v hiu qu

298

Expert Systems Development Alternatives

299

ng dng ca h chuyn gia v h tr tu nhn to Cp php th tn dng v xem xt cho vay La chn u t chng khon Pht hin gian ln D tho ngn sch

300

ng dng ca h chuyn gia v h tr tu nhn to Thu thp v qun l thng tin Tr chi Pht hin virus H tr iu tr bnh

301

H thc ti o

302

Thc ti oCho php ngi dng chuyn ng v phn ng trong mi trng m phng bng my tnh. Immersive virtual reality Ngi dng tr nn chm m hon ton vo mt th gii nhn to, 3 chiu c to ra hon ton bi my tnh. Virtual reality system Cho php 1 hoc nhiu ngi dng chuyn ng v phn ng trong mt mi trng m phng bng my tnh.303

Cc thit b thc ti o Head mounted display (HMD) Binocular Omni-Orientation Monitor (BOOM) CAVE Haptic interface

304

The BOOM, a Head-Coupled Display Device

305

Viewing the Detroit Midfield Terminal in an Immersive CAVE System

306

ng dng Medicine Dng to s giao tip gia bnh nhn tm thn v bc s iu tr Education and training S dng trong qun i bo dng my bay Entertainment Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones

Real Estate Marketing and Tourism Used to increase real estate sales Virtual reality tour of the White House307

Other Specialized Systems Segway Personal Transporter Adaptive brain interface technology Personal awareness assistant (PAA)

308

Segway

309

Summary Artificial intelligence - used to describe computers with ability to mimic or duplicate functions of the human brain Intelligent behavior - includes the ability to learn from experience Expert systems - can explain their reasoning (or suggested decisions) and display intelligent behavior Virtual reality system - enables one or more users to move and react in a computer-simulated environment Special-purpose systems - assist organizations and individuals in new and exciting ways

310

Pht trin h thngChng 8

311

Mc tiu Vic pht trin h thng mt cch hiu qu cn c s n lc ca cc bn lin quan, ngi dng, ngi qun l, chuyn gia pht trin h thng, ngi tr gip v cn c lp k hoch cn thn. Ch ra cc i tng chnh tham gia pht trin h thng v vai tr ca h. nh ngha thut ng lp k hoch xy dng HTTT v lit k mt s nguyn nhn cho vic khi ng d n312

Mc tiu Pht trin h thng thng s dng mt s phng php v cng c nh phng php truyn thng, phng php to mu, phng php pht trin nhanh, phng php c s tr gip ca my tnh, phng php hng i tng. Tho lun cc c im chnh, cc u/ nhc im ca tng phng php trn.313

Mc tiu Pht trin h thng thng bt u bng cc hot ng kho st v phn tch h thng hin ti Nu ra mc tiu ca vic kho st h thng Tho lun v tm quan trng ca vn chi ph v hiu nng h thng Nu ra mc tiu ca vic phn tch h thng v tho lun cc cng c v k thut c s dng trong giai on ny314

Mc tiu Thit k mt h thng mi hoc chnh sa 1 h thng c thng nhm mc tiu gip cho t chc t c cc mc ch kinh doanh. Nu ra mc tiu ca thit k h thng v tho lun s khc nhau gia thit k h thng vt l v h thng l gic. Ch ra cc bc chnh trong giai on thit k. nh ngha thut ng RFP v tho lun vic ti liu ny c dng nh hng cho vic trang b cc thit b phn cng v phn mm nh th no.315

Mc tiu Vn trng tm ca cng vic thc thi h thng l m bo chc chn thng tin c truyn ti n ng ngi dng di mt nh dng chun v ng thi gian quy nh. Nu ra mc tiu ca vic thc thi h thng v tho lun cc hnh ng khc nhau c gn lin vi giai on thc thi ny.

316

Mc tiu Bo tr v r sot li h thng c a vo qu trnh pht trin h thng em li nhiu li ch, nhng c th s tiu tn nhiu ti nguyn h thng. Nu ra tm quan trng ca vic bo tr h thng v cc hot ng lin quan M t qu trnh r sot v xem xt li h thng.317

Tng quan v pht trin h thng

318

Cc nhn t tham gia pht trin h thng

319

Lp k hoch pht trin h thng

320

Vng i v cc phng php pht trin h thng

321

The Traditional SDLC

322

Prototyping Nguyn mu l 1 phng php thay th trong pht trin h thng

323

Rapid Application Development (RAD) Phng php pht trin nhanh S dng cc cng c, k thut, v phng php lun c thit k cho vic pht trin nhanh h thng Joint Application Development (JAD) Pht trin chung: RAD s dng bin php ny trong vic thu thp d liu v phn tch yu cu.

324

u/ nhc im ca RAD

325

S dng cc cng c qun l d n Project schedule Project milestone Project deadline Critical path Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) Gantt chart326

Gantt Chart

327

Cc phn mm h tr qun l d n

328

Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) ToolsT ng ha nhiu cng vic cn thit trong qu trnh pht trin h thng Upper-CASE tools Dng cho cc cng vic trong giai on trc ca qu trnh pht trin h thng. Lower-CASE tools Dng cho giai on sau ca qu trnh pht trin h thng v c kh nng sinh ra cc m chng trnh t ng.

Integrated-CASE tools Cung cp lin kt gia cng c upper- v lower-CASE.329

Pht trin h thng hng i tng Ch ra cc vn tim tng trong t chc c th ph hp vi phng php tip cn hng i tng. nh ngha cc dng ngi dng h thng. Thit k h thng. Vit hoc chnh sa chng trnh nh gi bi ngi s dng Bo tr v chnh sa nh k330

S Use Case ca h thng cho thu Kayak

331

Cc mc tng trng trong pht trin h thng da trn m hnh tng trng kh nng Capability Maturity Model (CMM)

332

Kho st h thng

333

Kho st h thng Nhm mc ch tr li cc cu hi sau: Nhng vn chnh m h thng mi hoc h thng c ci tin s gii quyt l g? Cc c hi m 1 h thng mi hoc h thng c ci tin mang li l g? Nhng phn cng, phn mm, CSDL, quy trnh mi no s nng cp h thng hin ti? Chi ph d kin trin khai l bao nhiu? Nhng ri ro i km?334

Phn tch kh thi

335

Bo co kho st h thng

336

Phn tch h thng

337

Phn tch h thng

Data collection Tm kim cc thng tin b sung v cc vn ca h thng Data Analysis x l d liu thu thp c nhm lm cho chng c th s dng c bi nhm pht trin h thng.

338

Cc ngun d liu bn trong v bn ngoi

339

Cc bc thu thp d liu

340

Phn tch yu cu Hi trc tip (phng vn) Xc nh cc nhn t thnh cng cp thit critical success factors (CSFs) Trin khai lp k hoch HTTT

341

Bo co phn tch h thng Bo co phn tch h thng nn bao gm cc vn sau: im mnh v im yu ca h thng hin ti di quan im ca ngi c lin quan. Nhng yu cu ca ngi dng/ngi c lin quan cho h thng mi (yu cu chc nng). Cc yu cu ca t chc cho h thng mi. M t v vic h thng mi s lm g gii quyt vn .342

Chuyn i mc tiu ca t chc thnh cc yu cu h thng

343

cng ca mu bo co phn tch h thng

344

Thit k h thng

345

Thit k h thng Logical design Lin quan n vic lp k hoch cho mc tiu ca cc thnh phn h thng. Physical design Ch vic cc tc v s c thc hin nh th no, bao gm c vic cc thnh phn s lm vic vi nhau nh th no v mi thnh phn s lm g.

346

Request for Proposal: H s mi thuMt trong nhng ti liu quan trng nht c to ra trong qu trnh pht trin h thng Kt qu l mt cuc u thu chnh thc xc nh nh cung cp no s c chn pht trin h thng. Xc nh chi tit cc ti nguyn cn thit.

347

cng mu cho h s mi thu

348

u nhc im ca cc phng n trang b thit b

349

n nh c t thit k

350

cng mu cho bo co thit k

351

Thc thi h thng

352

Cc bc trong qu trnh thc thi h thng

353

Testing

354

Chuyn giao h thng

355

Bo tr v xem xt li h thng

356

Bo tr h thng L do cn phi bo tr h thng: Thay i trong quy trnh nghip v Yu cu mi t cc bn lin quan, ngi dng, ngi qun l Li chng trnh Li k thut v phn cng Thay i c cu doanh nghip Thay i chnh sch nh nc Thay i phn cng hoc phn mm h thng Cc s kin bt thng khc357

Summary Systems development team - consists of stakeholders, users, managers, systems development specialists, and various support personnel. Five phases of the traditional SDLC - investigation, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance and review. Systems investigation - designed to assess the feasibility of implementing solutions for business problems.358

Summary Systems analysis - the examination of existing systems, which begins once approval for further study is received from management. Systems design purpose is to prepare the detailed design needs for a new system or make modifications to an existing one. Systems implementation - to install a system and make everything, including users, ready for its operation. Systems maintenance - involves checking, changing, and enhancing the system to make it more useful in obtaining user and organizational goals.

359

Cc vn v an ton, ring t, v o c trong pht trin HTTTChng 9

360

Mc tiu Cc chnh sch v quy trnh cn c thit lp trnh cc vn lng ph v li my tnh Nu ra mt s v d v lng ph v li my tnh trong mi trng HTTT, nguyn nhn v gii php.

361

Mc tiu Ti phm my tnh ngy cng nghim trng v gia tng nhanh, cn c s quan tm ca cc cp qun l. Nu ra cc loi ti phm my tnh v nh hng ca chng. Ch ra mt s bin php ngn chn

362

Mc tiu iu kin v cc trang thit b lm vic cn c thit k trnh cc nh hng xu ca my tnh n sc khe con ngi. Lit k cc nh hng xu ca my tnh n mi trng lm vic. Ch ra mt s hnh ng cn thc hin m bo sc khe cho ngi lao ng.363

Lng ph v li my tnh Lng ph S dng ti nguyn v cng ngh my tnh mt cch khng ph hp

Li my tnh Sai st, hng hc, v cc vn khc lm cho kt qu khng ng hoc khng c tc dng.364

Lng ph my tnh Nguyn nhn: Qun l cc ti nguyn h thng mt cch khng ng n: Loi b cc phn mm c hoc cc h thng my tnh c khi chng vn cn tc dng Xy dng cc h thng phc tp v khng s dng ht tnh nng, cng sut. S dng thi gian v cng ngh chung cho cng vic c nhn. Spam th rc365

Li my tnh Nguyn nhn Ngi s dng khng theo ng quy trnh Khng nu r yu cu v khng c phn hi Li chng trnh khi pht trin Li d liu u vo

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Hn ch vn lng ph v li my tnh Cc cng vic bao gm : Thit lp cc chnh sch v quy trnh Thc thi Gim st nh gi

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Chnh sch v quy trnh Lin quan n trang b, s dng, v loi b mt cch hiu qu cc thit b v h thng. o to cho ngi s dng Xy dng h thng ti liu hng dn s dng v bo tr cc h thng my tnh.

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Ti phm my tnh Kh pht hin Gi tr phm ti c th nhiu, tc ng ln Ti phm my tnh kh sch v khng c bo lc S cc v vi phm an ninh lin quan n IT ngy cng tng Ti phm my tnh hin mang tnh quc t369

My tnh l cng c phm ti Ti phm my tnh cn 2 kh nng: Bit lm th no ot quyn truy cp h thng my tnh Bit iu khin, vn hnh h thng c c kt qu mong mun

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Khng b o Khng b o i tng da dm hoc p buc chnh ph hoc mt t chc phi nhng b cc yu cu chnh tr hoc x hi ca chng bng cch to ra cc cuc tn cng cc h thng my tnh, mng, hoc tn cng h thng thng tin.

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Gi danh n cp nh danh K gi mo thu thp c mu thng tin nhn dng c nhn, chng hn s CMND, sau s dng thng tin ny gi mo ngi dng. Thng tin ny c k gi danh dng ly cc thng tin b mt khc hoc s dng cc dch v di tn ca ngi b gi mo, hoc dng che du du vt phm ti.

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My tnh l i tng tn cng Cc kiu tn cng: Truy cp v s dng tri php Thay th hoc xa b d liu Ly cp thng tin Vi phm bn quyn phn mm v dch v

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Lu trnh b tn cng Mt s ch trnh b virus tn cng Ci t cc chng trnh dit virus v thit lp chng trnh qut cc file ti t Internet, email Cp nhp chng trnh mi thng xuyn. Back up cc file Khng m cc file gn km email t cc ngun khng tin cy hoc k c t ngun tin cy nhng vi ni dung cha bit.374

Chng trnh dit virus Antivirus program: L cc chng trnh chy ngm bo v my tnh khi cc tn cng t Internet hoc t cc ngun ly nhim khc. S dng chng trnh dit virus: Chy v cp nht chng trnh thng xuyn Qut cc a ngoi trc khi a vo h thng. Ci t cc phn mm t cc ngun tin cy (a CD ng gi hoc ti t web site tin cy). Dit virus ngay khi pht hin375

Cc chng trnh dit virus ph bin

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S dng cc phn mm pht hin xm nhp Intrusion detection system (IDS): Phn mm gim st h thng v ti nguyn mng, cnh bo b phn an ninh mng v kh nng h thng b xm nhp. Cc hnh ng nghi ng: c tnh ng nhp, ti ti nguyn t my ch, truy cp ti nguyn vo cc gi c bit C th a ra cnh bo sai Cc cnh bo qua email hoc voice c th b l.

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Ngn chn ti phm t Internet Trin khai cc chnh sch an ninh v chnh sch s dng Internet hiu qu. S dng firewall vi kh nng quan st mng. Trin khai cc h thng pht hin xm nhp, kim tra thng xuyn, theo di cnh bo.378

My tnh v mi trng lm vic Cc vn lin quan n sc khe Lm vic nhiu vi my tnh c th gy ra cng thng ngh nghip. My tnh cng c th nh hng n sc khe vt l khi s dng khng ng cch. Cc vn v hi nhit v sng in t ta ra t cc thit b in t cng c th gy nh hng ti sc khe.

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Trnh cc vn v sc khe v mi trng lm vic Nhiu vn lin quan ti sc khe khi s dng my tnh xut pht t vic thit k mi trng lm vic km. Ergonomics: Mn khoa hc v vic thit k cc my mc, cc h thng my tnh m bo an ton, tin dng, hiu qu cho ngi s dng.

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Summary Preventing computer-related waste and mistakes requires establishing, implementing, monitoring, and reviewing policies and procedures Criminals need two capabilities to commit most computer crimes: knowing how to gain access to the computer system and knowing how to manipulate the system to produce the desired result381

Summary (continued) Categories of crimes in which the computer is the object of crime: illegal access and use, data alteration and destruction, information and equipment theft, software and Internet piracy, computer-related scams, and international computer crime Intrusion detection system (IDS): software that monitors system and network resources and notifies network security personnel when it senses a possible intrusion382

Summary (continued) With information systems, privacy deals with the collection and use or misuse of data Ergonomics: science of designing machines, products, and systems to maximize the safety, comfort, and efficiency of the people who use them Code of ethics: states the principles and core values that are essential to a set of people and thus governs their behavior383