ls.2 the student will understand that all living things are made up of cells snapshot 1. make a...
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Snapshot
1. Make a hypothesis about the following. The time for different size water drops to
fall through vegetable oil. How high an ice cube will float in different
temperatures of water.
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LS.2 Cells
The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Microscopes
As microscopes got better More info was found out about cells Most cells are so small they can’t be seen
without a microscope 1st Microscope
• Mid- 1600s• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Cells
The smallest part of every living thing Discovered by Scientist Robert Hooke
Used magnifying glassLooked at corkSaw empty rooms = cells
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Cell Theory
Cells are the building blocks of life Robert Hooke 1665
All living things are made of cells 1830s --Schwann- all animals are made up of
cells 1830s --Schleiden- all plants are made up of
cells All cells come from pre-existing cells
Virchow 1858
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
2 Main Types of Cells
ProkaryoticNo bound nucleus Oldest kind of cells
• Bacteria Kingdom
EukaryoticBound nucleus & organelles
• Plant, Animal, Fungi, Protista Kingdom
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Snapshot
1. ______ are the building blocks of life.
2. Schwann said that all _____ were made of cells.
3. _____ says that all living things are made of cells and that cells come from ______ cells.
4. ______ help us to know more about cells.
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Organelles
Plant Cells
3 C’s1. Cell Wall2. Central Vacuole3. Chloroplast
Bound structures in cells that have specific job (functions) Most found in Eukaryotic Plant & Animal Cells
Animal Cells1. Nucleus2. Cell Membrane3. Cytoplasm4. Mitochondrion5. Vacuole6. Ribosomes7. DNA
8. Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Smooth
9. Golgi Bodies/ Apparatus10. Lysosome
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Nucleus
“The Brain” Tells other organelles
what to do Has outer membrane
called nuclear membrane
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Cell Membrane
Outer layer of cellOutermost in animals
“Gate”Decides what can
come in & leave the cell
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Cell Wall
Outermost layer in plant cells
Gives cell shape Made of cellulose
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Cytoplasm
Jelly-like fluid in cells Holds other organelles
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Snapshot
1. _____ was the first person to observe the cell.
2. The _____ states that all living things are made up of cells.
3. Cells only come from _____ cells.
4. What organelles do plant cells have that animals cells do not?
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Mitochondrion
“Powerhouse” Where energy is
created in the cell
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Vacuole
Empty sacks “Storage Bins” Used for storage
WaterWasteFood
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Central Vacuole
Extremely large vacuole
Found in plant cells Used mainly for water
storage
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Ribosomes
Make proteins for the cell
Small beadsFound on rough ERLoose in cytoplasm
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
“Postman” 2 Types
Smooth Rough
• Has ribosomes on it Folded membranes Transportation system in cell
found near nucleus Ships things around the cell
• From nucleus to other organelles
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
DNA
“Molecule of life” Deoxyriobnucleic acid Genetic material Found in nucleus
Used to make new cells
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Chloroplast
where plants make their food
Contain chlorophyllGreen pigment
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Lysosome
Sac full of strong acidsDigestive juicesDestroy wasteOpen up to destroy
cell• Lysis = cell death
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Golgi Bodies (Apparatus)
Folded membrane “UPS”
Pack things up to leave cell
• Vesicles• Wrapped packages
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Snapshot
1. ________ are the building blocks of life.
2. _______ is the brain of the cell.
3. _______ is responsible for transporting and processing thing inside the cell.
4. Plant cells have ____ more organelles than animal cells
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Cell Cycle
Entire life of a cell including growth & reproduction
Repeats over and over (cycleUntil cell dies
3 main partsInterphaseMitosis / MeiosisCytokinesis
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Interphase
Longest phase of cell cycle Cell grows DNA is copied
Appear as chromosomes• 2 identical chromatids• Centromere- button holding 2 together
Organelles are duplicated
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Chromosomes
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Mitosis vs. Meiosis
Nuclear division Occurs in body cells Growth
• Multicellular organisms• Living things w/ 2 or more
cells Reproduction
• Unicellular organisms• Living things w/ only 1
cells Makes 2 identical cells
Nuclear division Occurs in sex cells
• Egg & sperm Growth
• Multicellular organisms• Living things w/ 2 or
more cells Reproduction
• Multicellular “sexual”• combining DNA of 2
organisms Makes 4 cells
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Mitosis
It Positively Makes A Twin Celebrate
Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Snapshot
The cell cycle has _(1)__ main parts.__(2)___ is the longest phase.
During this phase the cell __(3)___ and __(4)___ and __(5)____ are copied.
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Prophase
1st step of Mitosis or Meiosis Spindle fibers form
ThreadsCentrioles appear at poles
• Opposite ends of cells
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Metaphase
Centromeres attach to spindle fibers Chromosomes line up in middle
Meta= middle
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Anaphase
Spindle fibers tighten Chromosomes break apart at centromere
into chromatids Move to opposite ends of cell
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Telophase
2 Nuclear membranes formAround each set of chromosomes
Chromosomes appear as chromatin (stringy threads)
Last step of mitosis
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Cytokinesis
Cell divisionAnimal cells
• Cell membrane pinches inPlant cells
• New cell wall begins to formTwo new daughter cells
• Identical nucleus• Identical chromosomes
• TWINS!!!!!!
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Snapshot
1. Put the steps of the cell cycle in order starting with interphase.
2. During _____ the chromosomes line up in the middle.
3. At the end of telophase there are 2 identical ____.
4. After cytokinesis & mitosis there are 2 identical ______ ______ with the _____ number of chromosomes.
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Snapshot
1. The scientist who named the cell was _____.
2. DNA is located in the ________ of the cell.
3. DNA is ___________________.
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LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Snapshot
Compare & contrast renewable vs.
nonrenewable resources (use a venn diagram)