LS: Distinguish between Prokaryotic Cells and Eukaryotic Cells.

INTRODUCTION Humans are home to around 100 trillion bacterial cells meaning our bodies are like an ecosystem. An example of where living organisms can be found on humans can be the surface of our skin or in our digestive tract. Our bodies can contain both and cells. These type of cells are prokaryotic eukaryoticthe major two divisions of cells. All cells fall in  broad categories, .two prokaryotic cells/eukaryotic cells  Organisms with Prokaryotic cells are called Prokaryotes, and organisms with Eukaroytic cells are

 Whether the cell is prokaryotic/eukaryotic the cells share four key components: called Eukaryotes. Plasma Membrane, Cytoplasm, DNA, Ribosomes. 

PROKARYOTICProkaryotic cells are one of the categories of cells.  means before,  means nucleus. Pro  kary

Prokaryotic cells: 

range from 0.1 to 5.0 m in diameter.and other membrane bound organelles  lack a nucleus

a simple single celled organism, however they can be multicellular consist of one single space inside the cell domains Bacteria and Archae are classified as prokaryotic they are the first type of organisms to evolve and are still the most common organisms today The DNA is in a single loop do not have internal membranes 

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THE STRUCTURE OF THE CELL FOR PROKARYOTES

 is a small DNA which can replicate independently Plasmid is a thin fibre on the outside structure of the cell which is made up of protein. Pili help the Pili

cell attach to specific surfaces or other cells. Can also help bacterium  are molecules which sythensize proteins, are found in the cytoplasm  Ribosomes

Cytoplasm is everything found inside the plasma membrane, the cellular structures Plasma Membrane is the outer covering which seperates the cell's interior from its surrounding enviornment. It regulates what can enter and exit the cell  

provides a layer of protection and helps the cell maintain its shape and prevents it Cell Wallfrom dehydration 

controls sugars, amino acids, ions and water  is sticky and it helps the cell attach to surfaces in the enviornment Capsule

Bacterial Flagellum helps the cell move  this is where the (which is a single large loop that containes the Nucleoid (Circular DNA), DNA

genetic material of the cell) is found. It is in the central reigion of the cell. There is no nuclear membrane 

IMPORTANT TERMS 

Prokaryotic  Plasmid

 Pili Ribosomes

Cytoplasm Plasma Membrane 

  Cell Wall Capsule

Bacterial Flagellum Nucleoid (Circular DNA)

Eukaryotic  Nucleus (nuclei)

 Nucleolus Cytoplasm

Membrane bound organelles The cytoskeleton Ribosomes Plasma Membrane Vacuole Rough Endoplasmic

 Recticulum Endoplasmic Reticulim

 Golgi Appartus Lysosomes

Peroxisome MitochondriaChloroplasts Microfilaments Intermediate Filaments Microtubules Cilia

Reference List 

Boundless Biology.(n.d.). Retrieved from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-biology/chapter/structure-of-prokaryotes/

Bacteria and Archaea 

are very diverse in form, they may not have all the features mentioned above. But most have a Bacteria  c (rotary motors to help them move) (hair like structures which help ell wall, capsule, flagella , fimbriae

with attachment to surfaces), and pili. 

also may have all these features but the cell wall in bacteria is made up different proteins and Archaea carbohydrates. 

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EUKARYOTICEukoaryotic cells are much more complicated than prokaryotes. They are structured differently depending on what kind of cell they are The different structures play an (animal, plant, fungi, protists). important role in metabolism, balance, and gene expression. 

Eukaryotic cells: 

Have a nucleus surrounded by a membrane which houses the genetic material of the cell have different compartments, and a number of membrane bound organelles 

means: "little organs" which have unique functions as a whole in the cell organellemultiple linear chromosomes instead of a single circular one are large in size, 10-100 diameters in size can be multicellular or singular are found in plants, animals, fungi, and protistsDNA is linear (strings)  

Animal Cell

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Plant Cell 

Eukaryotic Cell vs Prokaryotic Cell. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.diffen.com/difference/Eukaryotic_Cell_vs_Prokaryotic_Cell

Intro to eukaryotic cells. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-cells/hs-prokaryotes-and-eukaryotes/a/intro-to-eukaryotic-cells

Klappenbach, L. (n.d.). Learn All About Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/what-are-prokaryotes-and-eukaryotes-129478

Mitochondria and Chloroplasts. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-cells/hs-prokaryotes-and-eukaryotes/a/chloroplasts-and-mitochondria

Nucleus and Ribsomes. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/structure-of-a-cell/prokaryotic-and-eukaryotic-cells/a/nucleus-and-ribosomes

Plasma Membrane and Cytoplasm. (n.d.). Retrieved from  https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/structure-of-a-cell/prokaryotic-and-eukaryotic-cells/a/plasma-membrane-and-cytoplasm

Prokaryotic cells. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-cells/hs-prokaryotes-and-eukaryotes/a/prokaryotic-cells

Wilkin, D., & Brainard, J. (2016, September 05). Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells. Retrieved from https://www.ck12.org/biology/prokaryotic-and-eukaryotic-cells/lesson/Prokaryotic-and-Eukaryotic-Cells-BIO/

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THE STRUCTURE OF THE CELL FOR EUKARYOTES

house the cell's genetic materia (DNA)Nucleus (nuclei) is where new ribosomes are assembled Nucleolus contains a water based solution which contains ions, macromolecules, and small Cytoplasm

molecules, it also includes the membrane bound organelles  (a network of fibres that support the cell and gives it shape) is also The cytoskeleton

a part of the cytoplasmRibosomes are molecules which sythensize proteins, are found in the cytoplasmmitochondria Plasma Membrane is the outer covering which seperates the cell's interior from its surrounding enviornment. It regulates what can enter and exit the cellVacuole are only in plant cells, which store water and waste, it isolates hazardous material and has enzymes which can break down macromolecules and cellular components (are like lysomes) chloroplast

are bound ribosomes Rough Endoplasmic Recticulum plays a role in modification of proteins and synthesization of lipids Endoplasmic Reticulim

is an organelle made up of flattened discs of membrane Golgi Appartus contain the digestive enzymes and act as an organelle recycling faciltiy, it breaks Lysosomes

down old structures so the molecules can be reusedPeroxisome break down fatty acids and amino acids Mitochondria break down the fuel molecules and capture energy Chloroplasts are in plants and algae, they capture light enegery to make sugars in photosynthesis (humans and animals do not have them)Microfilaments are one of the three proteins found in the cytoskeleton Intermediate Filaments are multiple strands of fibrous protein wound together Microtubules are the largest of the three cytoskeletal fibresCilia are on the cells surface and help material move on the surface 

How do you distinguish between a Eukaryotic cell and Prokaryotic cell?

Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus, and Eukaroytic cells have a nucleus. Other .Through the nucleusthan that there are several other differences such as organelles. Several organelles are present in Eukaryotic cells while in Prokaryotic cells the only organelles are ribosomes.

      Similarities and Differences 

Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotic Cells

Nucleus

Chromosomes more than one one but refered to as a plasmid

Cell type multicellular usually unicellular

True Membrane Bound Nucleus

DNA

Ribosomes

Chloroplasts

Flagella

Nuclear Membrane

Cell Wall

Cell Size 10-100 1-10um

Plasmid

Pili

Cytoplasm

Plasma Membrane

Capsule

Bacterial Flagellum

Nucleoid

Fimbriae

nucleolus

organelles

vacuole

rough endoplasmic recticulum

endoplasmic recticulum

golgi apparatus

lysosomes

peroxisome

mitochondria

microfilaments

intermediate filaments

microtubules

cilia