low power mac for wireless sensor network

Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi

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2 Group members

Attia Iqbal Hafsa Rashid Maria Sharif


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TOPIC

Low Power MAC For Wireless Sensor Networks


4 MAC

Medium access control or media access control (MAC) layer is the lower sublayer of the data link layer (layer 2) of the seven-layer OSI model


5 Low power MAC for WSNs

Networks that consists of sensors which are distributed in an ad hoc manner

Low-power MAC protocol, for low-traffic wireless sensor network.

Low power MAC for Wireless sensor networks consists of protocols and algorithms


6 Types of MAC protocols

There are three types of mac protocols:1. Fixed-allocation

2. Demand-based

3. Contention-based


7 Fixed-allocation MAC protocol

Share the common medium It is suitable for sensor network that continuously monitor

and generate deterministic data trafficProvide a bounded delay for each node


8 Demand-based MAC protocol

Channel is allocated according to the demand of the node Variable rate traffic can be efficiently transmitted Require the additional overhead of a reservation process


9 Contention-based MAC protocol

Random-access-based contention for the channel when packets need to be transmitted

Suitable for bursty traffic


10 Subsystem of node

Each node of the sensor networks consist of three subsystem: 1. Sensor subsystem2. Processing subsystem3. Communication subsystem


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Sensor subsystem: Senses the environment

Processing subsystem: Performs local computations on the sensed data

Communication subsystem: Responsible for message exchange with neighboring sensor nodes


12 Energy efficient wireless MAC protocolThere are four sources of energy waste: 1. Idle listening2. Overhearing3. Collisions4. Protocol overhead


13 Idle listening: Idle listening refers to the active listening to an

idle channel

Overhearing: Receive packets destined to others

Collisions: Multiple senders want to talk

Protocol overhead: It refers to the packet headers and the signaling required by the protocol in addition to the transmission of data payloads


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Energy efficient system extends the WSN’s lifetime and increases its computational capabilities


15 Duty-cycling

It is a primary technique significantly improving the energy efficiency of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)


16 Types of duty-cycling

1. Synchronous duty-cycling2. Asynchronous duty-cycling


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Synchronous duty-cycling: In synchronous duty-cycling, all nodes have synchronized duty cycles

Asynchronous duty-cycling: , In asynchronous duty-cycling, nodes have their own duty cycles


18 Power consumption

A large number of sensor nodes cheap batteries


19 Example

Switching the RF(radio frequency) transceiver


20 Types of transmission

1. Uplink (from the sensor nodes to the access point)

2. Downlink (from the access point to the sensor nodes)


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Uplink transmissionAccess points can listen all the time to the channel Multiple access to the channel

Downlink transmissionData transmission without requiring sensor nodes

continuously listen to the channelTradeoff between power consumption and transmission delay


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If the medium is found busy, a sensor node continues to listen until a data frame is received or until the medium becomes idle again


23 Researches about MAC

Liao introduced a high performance low-power 32-bits MAC with Single-Instruction-Multiple-Data (SIMD) feature.

Elguibaly proposed a merged MAC operation and gave an analytical overview of how his technique optimizes the MAC hardware.

Murakami et al. adopted the half array implementation to design a high speed and area-effective MAC architecture. Raghuneth et al. made use of a carry-save multiplier that can simplify sign extension and saturation, and further applies it on the MAC architecture to reduce the unit’s area and power consumption.


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The 32-bit MAC unit architecture is very large, so the 8-bit MAC unit architecture is used


25 Applications OF Low power MAC for WSNs:

Health care monitoringAir pollution monitoringLandslide detectionWater quality monitoringNatural disaster preventionIndustrial monitoringArea monitoring


26 References1. http://www.slideshare.net/shikhathegreat/ppt-on-low-power-wireless-sensor-

network-5th-sem2. Won, Myounggyu, Taejoon Park, and Sang H. Son. "Asym-MAC: A MAC Protocol

for Low-Power Duty-Cycled Wireless Sensor Networks with Asymmetric Links." IEEE Communications Letters 18.5 (2014): 809-812.

3. Shi, Xiaolei, and Guido Stromberg. "SyncWUF: An ultra low-power MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks." IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 6.1 (2007): 115-125.

4. Abdelgawad, A. "Low power multiply accumulate unit (MAC) for future Wireless Sensor Networks." Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS), 2013 IEEE. IEEE, 2013.

5. El-Hoiydi, Amre, and J-D. Decotignie. "WiseMAC: an ultra low power MAC protocol for the downlink of infrastructure wireless sensor networks." Computers and Communications, 2004. Proceedings. ISCC 2004. Ninth International Symposium on. Vol. 1. IEEE, 2004.


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low power mac for wireless sensor network

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