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Low-Carbon Web Design
Hello!
Jenn Schlick@jennschlick
energy.mit.edu/lowcarbonweb
Low-Carbon Web Design:
Minimizing a website’s carbon footprint by choosing
online services that are powered by renewable energy
and optimizing for performance.
3.3 billion people
300 million tons of CO²
1. China
2. United States
3. India
4. Japan
5. Russia
6. The Internet
Population: internetworldstats.comCO² emissions: theguardian.com/environment/2010/aug/12/carbon-footprint-internetCountry data: IEA: Electricity Information (2012 Edition) iea.org/media/training/presentations/statisticsmarch/electricityinformation.pdf
.02 grams
Twitter: tweetfarts.comEmail: phys.org/news/2015-11-carbon-footprint-email.htmlGoogle search: cnet.com/news/measuring-your-google-searchs-carbon-footprint
4 grams 7 grams
An energy efficient facility is good,
but a 100% renewable energy facility
is better.
Apple Environment report
“
Jevon’s Paradox
80%of the world’s
adult populationwill be online by 2020Source: Greenpeace 2015 ClickClean Report
Source: Greenpeace 2015 Click Clean Report
Apple solar plant
Source: https://gigaom.com/2015/02/02/apple-to-build-2b-solar-powered-command-center-data-center-at-arizona-factory-site
Google data center in Hamina, Finland
Source: https://www.google.com/about/datacenters/inside/locations/hamina/
Carbon offsets == Good
Renewable energy == Better
How to build low-carbon websites
Low-carbon website
Performant website
Three Question Framework
1 How do people get your data?
2 What kind of data do they get?
3 What do they do with the data?
1 How do they get your data?
Main server C XL
Backup server D L
CDN A M
Code repository B M
Social share links C S
Renewable Score (A-D) Usage (S-XL)
Main server C XL
Backup server D L
CDN A M
Code repository B M
Social share links C S
Renewable Score (A-D) Usage (S-XL)
Light use Heavy use
Powered by conventional energy
Powered by renewable energy
Main server
Backup server
CDN
Code repository
Social share links
Light use Heavy use
Powered by conventional energy
Powered by renewable energy
Main server
Backup server
CDN
Code repository
Social share links
Light use Heavy use
Powered by conventional energy
Powered by renewable energy
Backup server
CDN
Code repository
Social share links
Main server
2 What kind of data do they get?
Images 63.5% A (CDN)
CSS 16.7% A (CDN)
JavaScript 12.5% A (CDN)
Social Share Links C (3rd-party service)
HTML 7.3% C (Main server)
Requests Renewable Energy Score
3 What do they do with the data?
1 How do people get our data?
2 What kind of data do they get?
3 What do they do with the data?
So… WordPress?
Low-carbon websites with WordPress
Low-carbon website
Performant website
1 Caching
2 Theme optimization
3 Plugin optimization
1 Caching
Client-side: W3 Total Cache or WP Super Cache
Server-side: Varnish Cache
2 Theme optimization
Offload assets to a CDN
Use responsive images
Optimize images (ImageOptim)
Optimize queries
3 Plugin optimization
Share links (Simple Sharing Buttons)
Selectively disable and measure performance
1. China
2. United States
3. India
4. Japan
5. Russia
6. The Internet
1 How do people get our data?
2 What kind of data do they get?
3 What do they do with the data?
Thank you!
Jenn Schlick@jennschlick
energy.mit.edu/lowcarbonweb