lote - indo 10 - unit 4 - resource - transitive and intransitive verbs
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Transitive and Intransitive
VerbsTraditionally, a verb is defined as a doing word or an action word. While this
definition may be applicable to many verbs, it is inaccurate for some others,
because verbs can also refer to states or conditions. The verb berhenti (stop)
in Indonesian, for example, means to be in a stationary position, so there is
no action as such.
In Indonesian, we need to distinguish between intransitive and transitiveverbs, according to whether the verb requires only one or more than one
noun to accompany it to made sense when we use it in a sentence.
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Intransitive Verbs An intransitive verb is a verb that needs only one noun (or noun phrase) to
accompany it in a sentence. We refer to this noun (phrase) as the subject.
Duduk (sit) and berlari (run) are examples of intransitive verbs.
Subject Intransitive VerbAnto duduk
Anto sits
Nenek berjalanGrandmother walks
Adik saya menangis
My younger sibling cries
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Intransitive Verbs In a sentence you can add something other than a noun after the intransitiveverb, such as aprepositional phrase (a preposition followed by a noun) or a
manner adverb (a word placed after a verb that tells us the manner in which an
action is done.
Subject Intransitive Verb Prepositional Phrase
Anto duduk di kursi
Anto sits on the chair
Nenek berjalan ke pasar
Grandmother walks to market
Subject Intransitive Manner Adverb
Ani menangis keras
Ani cries loudly
Tono tidur lelap
Tono sleeps soundly
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Intransitive Verbs We can also make the sentences more complex by combining a manner adverb with a
prepositional phrase.
Subject Intransitive
Verb
Manner Adverb Prepositional
Phrase
Tono tidur lelap di kursi
Tono sleeps soundly on the chair
Nenek berjalan cepat ke pasar
Grandmother walks quickly to market
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Intransitive Verbs Intransitive verbs take different forms.Some
have no affix, some have the ber- prefix,
some have the meN- prefix and some havethe ter- prefix. The tables that follow list only
some of the intransitive verbs in each of these
groups. The capital letterN in the prefix meN-
indicates the sound change that occurs whenthe prefix is attached to a base word
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Simple intransitive verbs
(no affix) Datang
Duduk
Hidup
Ingat
Jatuh
Keluar
Lulus Lupa
Mandi
Masuk
Mulai
Percaya
Pergi
Pindah
Pulang
Selesai Singgah
Tahu
Terbang
Tiba
Tidur
tinggal
To come
To sit
To live
To remember
To fall
To exit, go out of
To pass (an exam) or test To forget
To bathe oneself
To enter, go into
To start, begin
To believe
To go
To move from one place to another
To go home
To finish To stop over
To know
To fly
To arrive
To sleep
To stay, live (reside)
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Intransitive Verbs with ber-BASE WORD INTRANSITIVE VERB ENGLISH MEANING
ajar belajar To learn. study
angkat berangkat To leave, depart
bahasa berbahasa To use a language
baring berbaring To lie downbelanja berbelanja To go shopping
bicara berbicara To speak
buat berbuat To do, commit
cakap bercakap To chat
diri berdiri To stand
gurau bergurau To joke around
hati berhati To take care
henti berhenti To stop (be stationary)
hias berbias To groom oneself
istirahat beristirahat To take a rest
jalan berjalan To walk
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Intransitive verbs with ber-kembang berkembang To develop
kerja bekerja To work
kuasa berkuasa To have the authority
kumpul Berkumpul To gather
lari berlari To runlibur berlibur To go on holiday
main bermain To play
nyanyi bernyanyi To sing
pegang berpegang To hold onto
perang berperang To engage in a war
renang berenang To swim
selancar berselancar To surf
sembahyang bersembahyang To pray
tangdang bertandang To visit someone
temu bertemu To meet
ubah berubah To change
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Intransitive verbs with meN-BASE WORD INTRANSITIVE VERB ENGLISH MEANINGbual membual To boast
cangkul mencangkul To hoe
dengkur mendengkur To snore
inap menginap To stay the night
lompat melompat To jump
nyanyi menyanyi To sing
rangkak merangkak To crawl
rokok merokok To smoke
tangis menangis To cry
tari menari To dance
tinggal meninggal To die
uap menguap To yawn
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Intransitive verbs with ter-BASE WORD INTRANSITIVE
VERBENGLISHMEANING
senyum tersenyum To smile
tawa tertawa To laugh
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Latihan 1Write a caption in Indonesian for each of the following pictures using the intransitive
verbs listed on the previous slides.
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Note Some intransitive verbs can take either the ber- or the meN- prefix with no
difference in meaning.
Bernyanyi/menyani to sing
Berbekas/membekas to leave a mark or trace
Some other intransitive verbs take what are sometimes called pseudo-objects(nouns that look like objects, but are not perceived as being affected by the
action.
Bermain gitar to play the guitar
Bertepuk tangan to clap (ones) hands
Bersepatu roda to roller skate
In these cases, we treat the verb and the following word as constituting one
activity. In the previous examples, the words gitar, tangan and roda are
considered as part of the verbs bermain, bertepuk and bersepatu respectively.