los factores psicosociales y la participación de los trabajadores
DESCRIPTION
La salud es un estado de completo bienestar físico, mental y social, y no solamente la ausencia de afecciones o enfermedades.TRANSCRIPT
Los factores psicosociales y la participacion de los trabajadores:Mecanismos de mejoramiento continuo de la salud y seguridad laboral
Dr. Maria Brunette, Associate ProfessorCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of Massachusetts Lowell
La Promocion de una Cultura de Salud y Seguridad en el Trabajo
3 de Agosto del 2013
Preguntas preliminares…
• Como el trabajo impacta la calidad de vida de trabajadores?
• Como podrian ingenieros y profesionales de salud publica trabajar proactivamente para mejorar las condiciones de trabajo?
Conceptos globales…
• Concepto de Salud (OMS)• Contexto Socio-Economico de las
Enfermedades• Ergonomia y Salud Ocupacional: Enfoque
Multinivel
Concepto de Salud (OMS)
«La salud es un estado de completobienestar físico, mental y social, y no solamente la ausencia de afecciones o enfermedades.»
Preámbulo de la Constitución de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS, 1946)
JOB SKILLSLITERACY / EDUCATION
INCOME
Contexto Socio-Economico de las Enfermedades
Health
Ergonomia, Salud y Seguridad Ocupacional: Enfoque Multinivel
Brunette e Ibarra (2011)
Cultural
Factors
WORK SYSTEM
Worker
Tools &
technologies
Organization
Environment
Tasks
Local communities
Social,
Economic
and
Political
Context
EXTERNAL
ENVIRONMENT
Psychosocial Work Factors
“interactions between and among work environment, job content, organizational conditions and workers’capacities, needs, culture, personal extra-job considerations that may, through perceptions and experience, influence health, work performance and job satisfaction”
OIT (1986)
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The community
Work
The social
environment
The family
The person
Factors Influencing Psychosocial IssuesSo
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Psychosocial Factors
Work Organization:
How work is organized, supervised, and carried out
Subjective Perceptions of the Work Organization
The Psychosocial Work Environment
Psychosocial Hazards
Causal Path for Work-related MSDs
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Psychosocial work factors
Job demands:
Quantitative workload
Variance in workload
Work pressure
Cognitive demands
Emotional demands
Psychosocial work factors
Job content:
Repetitiveness
Utilization and development of skills
Challenge
15
Psychosocial work factors
Job control:
Task/instrumental control
Decision/organizational control
Control over physical environment
Resource control
Control over work pace: machine-pacing
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Psychosocial work factors
Social interactions: Social support from supervisor and colleagues Supervisor complaints, praise, monitoring Dealing with (difficult) clients/customers
Role factors Role ambiguity Role conflict
Job future and career issues: Job future ambiguity Fear of job loss
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Psychosocial work factors
Technology issues:
Computer-related problems
Electronic performance monitoring
Organizational and management factors:
Participation
Management style
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For the worker:
higher risk of accident
increased family or social problems
stigmatization and discrimination
deteriorating health
physical or psychological illness
pain, distress, disability and death
Consequences
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Consequences
For the enterprise or organization:
poor morale
increased absenteeism, turnover
reduced productivity
reduced profits or services
higher costs
reduced competitiveness
Key Resource
• “Health Impact of Psychosocial Hazards at
Work: An Overview”
• Source: World Health Organization (2010)
http://www.who.int/occupational_health/publications/hazardpsychosocial/en/index.html#
Como podemosoperacionalizar estemensaje?
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Preguntémosle a la gente!
Quality of Working Life among Industrial Workers in Peru
Research Model
GLOBAL QWL
Health Status
Musculoskeletal symptoms
Psychological
distress
Worker satisfaction
Control Variables
age, educational status, gender
GLOBAL EXPOSURE
SAFETY AND HEALTH
ERGONOMICS
JOB DEMANDS
JOB CONTROL
INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT
SUPERVISOR-RELATED
DISCRIMINATION-RELATED
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Participación de los Trabajadores• Participatory Design/Diseño
participativo
• Worker
Empowerment/Empoderamiento del
trabajador
• Popular-Adult Education Methods/
Metodos de Educacion
Popular&Adulta
Diseño Participativo…
Participación de los Trabajadores
Diseño Participativo…
Participación de los Trabajadores
Empoderamiento del
Trabajador…
Participación de los
Trabajadores
Metodos de Educacion Popular Adulta…
Participación de los Trabajadores
Cheo
Metodos de Educacion Popular Adulta…
Participación de los Trabajadores
Metodos de Educacion Popular Adulta…
Participación de los Trabajadores