lorenzo peña: bergmann's new ontology and account of relations

7/30/2019 Lorenzo Pea: Bergmann's new ontology and account of relations

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Ko~adpo Zai

Douas od Na~bmidds Dar Oduokob|ide Iccoqdu of ^akiulods

Zglkosozg| ^asai~cg I~cglvas

Vok WLL+ zz$ >>:->5


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Douas od Na~bmidds Dar Oduokob|

ide Iccoqdu of âkiulods

Ko~adpo Zai

Qdlva~slu| of Kad 'Szild,

INSUÎCU

âcadu ro~h of Bqsuiv Na~bmidd eavakozs id oduokoblcik

f~imaro~h rlugld rglcg id iccoqdu of ~akiulods gis naadshaucgae oqu$ Uga izz~oicg ls i hlde of dar koblcik iuomlsmrglcg gis soma of uga faiuq~as of id I~lsuouaklid g|komo~zglsm'of so~us,$ Lu ~acobdlpas i dqmna~ of ciuabo~las ide b~oqzs ofi g|komo~zglc hlde+ cgla| eaua~mldiuas ide sqneaua~-mldiuas uga kiuua~ odk| ldel~acuk| o~ lmzklcluk|$ Rldsomaugoqbg lu ls+ uga izz~oicg ls irae n| ca~uild elfflcqkulas lu blvas~lsa uo+ imodb ugam ldinlklu| uo szaih of sqneaua~mldiuas idefilkq~a of i ~akiulod uo na gie n| i ~afa~adu uori~es i ~akiuqm$Ldsuaie of givldb i sadsa+ i ~akiulod ls codcalvae of is i eaua~ml-diua rglcg adua~s id i~~idbamadu rgosa awlsuadca ide diuq~ai~a dou z~oza~k| iccoqduae fo~$ Fldikk|+ Na~bmidds Leaik

Kidbqiba ls issi|ae ide sgord dou uo na is qsafqk zglkosozgl-cikk| ld lusakf is ga uihas lu uo na$

:$ LDUÔEQCUO^\ ÂMI^HS

Ugls assi| nakodbs uo i sa~las of ziza~s rgosa ilm ls uo sgor ugiu soma elffa~ldbiccoqdus of ~akiulods ld coduamzo~i~| zglkosozg| 'commadcldb rlug F~aba, i~a irae naciqsauga| ~aso~u uo rgiu cid na kinakkae g|komo~zglsm$ Soma suidei~e elfflcqkulas of I~lsuouakli-dlsm ~aizzai~ ld ugasa idik|ulcik izz~oicgas$ Ikk of ugam ~aso~u uo fo~m is zki|ldb uga~oka of cuqiklpldb i blvad miuua~ 'onàcus uihad is i~bqmadus+ ~akiui+ o~ i ~akiulod ikodbrlug uga ~akiuae ua~ms uga fo~m ugad naldb+ a$b$+ i koblcik fo~m+ is ^qssakk ugoqbgu rgadr~luldb gls Ugao~| of Hdorkaeba, n| mihldb lu lduo idouga~ adulu|$ Ld ugasa iccoqdus ugaicuqiklpldb o~ su~qcuq~ldb fo~m kichs uga yqiklu| 'of icuqiklu| o~ onàcugooe o~ rgiuava~, lunasuors qzod uga miuua~ lu ckldbs uo$ Uga zqppka klas ld ugosa fo~ms niffkldb sklzza~ldass8fo~ uga| ciddou na maidu o~ lduadeae oquslea ugal~ ~oka of icuqiklpldb o~ ldfo~mldb soma miuua~$

Nqu+ rgad ra zoldu uo 'uga z~ocass o~ ~asqku of, ugal~ zki|ldb sqcg i ~oka+ ra ciddou maido~ lduade uga fo~m lusakf+ nqu odk| uga ldfo~mae miuua~ o~+ lf |oq zkaisa+ uga ~asqku of lusnaldb ugqs ldfo~mae$ Fo~ soma izz~oicgas+ i z~onkam ikso i~lsas codca~dldb miuua~ lusakf+


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Na~bmidds Dar Oduokob| ide Iccoqdu of ^akiulods >

oda ckosak| ~asamnkldb I~lsuouaklid z~onkams rlug z~lma miuua~ z~onkams rglcg givaz~omzuae soma ldua~z~aua~s uo ead| ugiu I~lsuouka zosluae id| sqcg adulu| 9$ Rgiu ld ugasaizz~oicgas zki|s uga ~oka of I~lsuouaklid miuua~+ rgad uihad z~lo~ uo o~ oquslea of lus naldb

ldfo~mae n| i fo~m+ kichs sqfflcladu sakf-naldb ide adeormadu rlug yqiklulas ide oduokoblcikz~oka uo na id adulu| el~acuk| maidu is sqcg$ Sqcg i z~onkam a$b$ iffacus U~icui~lid on`acus+rglcg i~a noug fo~m ide coduadu+ nqu rglcg cid na maidu is daluga~ sazi~iuak|$ Lu fokkorsugiu ugal~ lzsalu| ikri|s akqeas qs ide avieas naldb maidu o~ slbdlae$ Is ra i~a inoqu uosaa+ i slmlki~ z~onkam iffacus Na~bmidds dar oduokob|$

Ifua~ boldb lduo Na~bmidds oduokob| ld bada~ik ide aszaclikk| gls iccoqdu of ~akiulods+Lkk uoqcg od gls mosu cga~lsgae uook+ uga Leaik Kidbqiba+ ide dikk| sgor uga filkq~a of uglsb~ide iuuamzu$ I sgo~u izzadelw ls eavouae uo awimldldb Rlksods issi| of Na~bmidd odldaffinlklu|$

9$ NA^BMIDDS DAR ODUOKOB\

Ld i dqmna~ of ~acadu ziza~s XNa~bmidd+ 9


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Na~bmidds Dar Oduokob| ide Iccoqdu of ^akiulods 3

uga ugldb comzosae n| lu ikodb rlug oda QS ls uga zacqkli~ adulu| lu gizzads uo na ide doouga~$ Nqu daluga~ luams do~ QS cid na szohad inoqu o~ maidu8 uga| i~a uoo slmzka fo~ ugiuide so i~a dou sazi~inka$ Ugls ls rg| uga| i~a dou awlsuadus ld ugal~ ord ~lbgu+ sldca uga|

kich rgiu L sgikk cikk sakfnaldb$ Na~bmidd comzi~as uga qdlod of id luam ide i QS rlugid I~lsuouaklco-Ugomlsu qdlod of miuua~ ide fo~m XNa~bmidd+ 9-uqzka+ isNa~bmidd ls fode of si|ldb, ;w+|4 ls dougldb nqu uga elie w 'w |, ~amamna~ldb ugiu eliesi~a eaua~mldiuas ugamsakvas$ Kauuldb ~ na i uro-zkica ~akiulod 'l$a$+ id ':+:, qdlva~sik,+ ugaficu ugiu i nai~s ~ uo n+ rga~a noug i ide n i~a zi~ulcqki~s+ ls awamzklciulods ckldbldb uouga elie '~+;i+ n4,+ l$a$+ uo uga elva~slu| ~ 'i 'i n,,$ Ld ugls ri| Na~bmidd gis idik|pae ikk

iuomlc ficus$ Dod-iuomlc ficus i~a bada~iuae is fokkors$ Fo~ ava~| comzkaw uga~a ls i dod-iuomlc ficu ~asqkuldb f~om i qdi~| oza~iuo~ 'dabiulod o~ i yqidula~, ckldbldb uo ugiu comzkaw$Dawu+ fo~ id| blvad elie of comzkawas uga~a ls i dod-iuomlc ficu ~asqkuldb f~om i nldi~| fqdcuo~'cod`qdculod+ els`qdculod+ ide so od, ckldbldb uo ugiu elie$ Doulca ugiu elies+ comzkaw is uga|i~a+ i~a dou ficus$ Uga| i~a cl~cqmsuidcas$ Ouga~ cl~cqmsuidcas i~a0 i zi~ulcqki~s nakodbldbuo i ckiss ide i z~oza~u|s 'of maduik icus, maidldb id lduadulod$ Na~bmidd ldu~oeqcasckissas is adululas rglcg i~a daluga~ slmzka do~ comzkaw$ Uga| daaedu codca~d qs ga~a 'awcazufo~ i n~laf ~ami~h L sgikk miha sgo~uk|,+ ugoqbg gls ckiss ugao~| ls eoqnukass ro~ug codslea~ldb$

Na~bmidd ls siulsae ugiu ga gis ld ugls midda~ b~oqdeae o~ea~ XNa~bmidd+ 9


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uo o~ea~ae elies ls so lmzo~uidu XNa~bmidd+ 9, Uga z~ldclzka of ~aiklsm0 Rgiuava~ ls ugldhinka awlsus8

'3, Uga codu~isu z~ldclzka0 Lf i comzkaw ls si|inka+ so ls uga dabiulod uga~aof+ide codva~sak|$

I foq~ug z~ldclzka+ iega~adca uo rglcg ris ai~kla~ i nieba of Na~bmidds zacqkli~~aiklsm+ vlp$+ uga comzkawlu| z~ldclzka 'icco~eldb uo rglcg fo~ uro comzkawas uo na elffa~adu+

uga| mqsu elffa~ ld coduadu l$a$ ld iu kaisu oda of ugal~ comzodadus+ i z~ldclzka rglcg lsi va~slod of i mo~a bada~ik coduadu z~ldclzka, ls dor aluga~ gasluiduk| ide ~akqcuiduk| blvadqz+ o~ odk| riva~ldbk| ide ldcodsayqaduk| gard uo+ Fldikk|+ Na~bmidd shaucgas id LeaikKidbqiba 'LK, ld rglcg uga~a i~a do vi~linkas 'sldca vi~linkas suide fo~ dougldb,+ ld rglcgyqidula~s i~a eaiku rlug ld i ri| od rglcg L sgikk giva uo commadu z~asaduk|+ ide ld rglcgdo uro slbds ava~ slbdlf| oda ide uga sima adulu| 'awcazu rgad noug slbds slbdlf| ckissas+rglcg i~a awuadslodik,$ Idouga~ awcazulod ls dacassluiuae n| gls u~aiumadu of yqidula~s+ isra sgikk saa sgo~uk|$ Mo~aova~+ uga LK ls so eavlsae is uo eakldai~lpa rakk-fo~mae zg~isas+rgadava~ riduae 'od rglcg i kluuka mo~a ld 5 nakor,$

Ld ugls ro~ke+ ikk zi~ulcqki~s i~a momadui~| XNa~bmidd+ 9:7 ide >799$ Uga ~iulodika fo~ ~qkldb oqu coduldqidus ls ugiu+ lf i zi~ulcqki~+ i+ cidawlsu iu uro elffa~adu ulmas+ u+ u+ ugad is naldb+ si|+ b~aad mi| na u~qa iu u ide fiksa iu u8ugqs+ ra sgoqke daae uo qdea~suide b~aaddass is i uro-zkica ~akiulod nauraad i zi~ulcqki~of id| hlde ide idouga~ zi~ulcqki~ rglcg mqsu na i ulma$ U~qa+ Na~bmidd icyqlascas ld uikhinoqu sa~las of momadui~| zi~ulcqki~s 'a$b$ mldes i~a uamzo~ik sa~las of suiuas of codscloqs-dass,+ nqu ga saams uo sqbbasu ugiu sqcg uikh nakodbs uo oduokoblcik elscoq~sa$ Oduokoblcikelscoq~sa+ is ga codcalvas lu+ ls id iuuamzu uo si| rgiu ciddou 'klua~ikk|, na sile ide so ciddouna u~idskiuae lduo gls LK+ qdkass uga sa~las ls codcalvae of is i ckiss$ Ugls kiuua~ saamssomargiu eqnloqs+ sldca Na~bmidd iuuamzus uo haaz uga ~aso~u uo ckissas iu i mldlmqm$>

>$ Id idod|moqs ~afa~aa ldvluas ma uo comzi~a Na~bmidds vlar od coduldqidus uo Gqmas ide uo mihalu ckai~ rg| codsu~qldb zg|slcik ugldbs is sa~las of momadui~| zi~ulcqki~s ls sqzzosae uo na lkkablulmiua$ Gqmasvlars i~a od ugal~ ord sqfflcladuk| elfflcqku uo b~isz$ Uga elscqsslod ld XNaddauu+ 9


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Momadui~| adululas i~a dou uo na mlsuihad fo~ ldsuiduidaoqs odas8 uga| i~a of ~iuga~ sgo~ueq~iulod XNa~bmidd+ 9:79$ Rgauga~ sqcg i vlar of momadus cid sqccassfqkk|coza rlug uga z~onkam Na~bmidds iccoqdu ls easlbdae uo sokva ls idouga~ miuua~$ Iu id|

~iua+ L sgikk giva soma commadus uo miha kiua~ od Na~bmidds ~qkldb oqu coduldqidus$Nafo~a n~ldbldb ugls Saculod uo i ckosa+ kau ma erakk i momadu od yqidula~s ide

dabiulod$ Na~bmidds LK baus ~le of vi~linkas n| ~azkicldb id awlsuadulik yqidulciulod wf'w,n| i fo~mqki ;i+f'i,4+ rga~a gis dor nacoma i oda-zkica oza~iuo~ slbdlf|ldb i qdi~|sqneaua~mldiua rglcg ckldbs uo i elie$ Uga ~asqkuldb fo~mqki cid na qdzichae is 'i 'i f'i,,,XNa~bmidd+ 9, do cl~cqmsuidca o~ ficu+ is qdea~suooe n| Na~bmidd+ coqke sa~loqsk| naleadulae rlug i coduldqidu noe|8 '3, uikh inoqu id| sqcg cl~cqmsuidca o~ ficu roqke na yqlua ~amovae f~omuikh inoqu id ldelvleqik$ Ugad lu mqsu daaes na i ckiss$ Nqu Na~bmidd ~lbguk| elsklhas ~aso~uldb uo gls ckissasna|ode su~lcu dacasslu|+ sldca ckissas i~a ld gls oduokob| ea~lvae comzkawas of id ldcodszlcqoqs diuq~a$Mo~aova~+ Na~bmidds ckissas saam uo na dod-sziulik+ dod-uamzo~ik adululas$ Lf uga Ui` Migik ls i ckiss+ luciddou giva naad nqlku ld uga 92ug caduq~|$ Fq~uga~mo~a+ sldca uga ciuabo~| of ckissas ls elffa~adu f~om uga

ciuabo~| of zi~ulcqki~s+ lu roqke ugad na sadsakass uo isslbd uo uga Ui` Migik id|ugldb ra qsqikk| si| inoqulu+ a$b$+ ugiu lu ls ld Ldeli lf uo na ld Ldeli ls+ is lu saams+ i z~oza~u| of zi~ulcqki~s+ a$b$+ uga-Ui`-Migik-dor$'Doulca ugiu ugls kisu z~onkam inoqu ciuabo~lik noqdei~las roqke ikso iffklcu id| leadulciulod of i sa~las of'momadui~|, zi~ulcqki~s rlug id| Na~bmiddlid comzkaw rgiuava~$,


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comzkaw rgosa moea ls iccasslnka uo qs+ rga~ais rgiu fo~ Rluubadsuald ls qdslddlb ls rgiufo~ Na~bmidd ls qdpi|inka avad lf awlsuadu$ 'Lu ~amilds fil~k| onscq~a rgauga~ sqcg id awlsuadu ide uga~a ls noqde uo na oda+ sldca Na~bmidd XNa~bmidd+ 9$:>L9 saa XRglua+ 9


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so~u$ Ugls roqke ld ugls cisa maid ugiu+ ra~a zouaduliklu| ide icuqiklu| ckldbldb '~iuga~ ugidza~vieldb, sqneaua~mldiuas+ ava~| comzkaw roqke 'sazi~iuak|, na noug icuqik ide zouadulik$Sldca ugiu ls lmzosslnka+ ra cid sifak| codckqea ugiu+ fo~ uga~a uo na uga advlsibae ki~ba~

comzkawas+ uga~a roqke na noqde uo na i fq~uga~ adulu| i za~vieldb ula$ \au+ Na~bmiddsdar oduokob| ~qkas oqu ulas 'ide uo m| mlde ~lbguk| so+ sldca uga| i~a dougldb aksa nqunisgfqkk| ~acobdlpae ~akiulods codu~lvae uo asciza godasu uolk+ ~iuga~ klha uga dod-z~aelcimad-uik ~akiulods of Maelavik I~lsuouaklids,$ Coqke Na~bmidd cgidba gls dar oduokob| od uglslssqa n| gokeldb uga moeas uo na eaua~mldiuas ~iuga~ ugid sqneaua~mldiuas? Do+ naciqsa+ld o~ea~ fo~ uga ki~ba~ comzkaw 'ugiu ls+ fo~ uga za~vieldb of uga smikka~ comzkaw n| i moea,uo elffa~ f~om i ma~a elie+ i dar ckldbldb sqneaua~mldiua+ za~vieldb+ roqke ugad na cikkaefo~$ Ide ugiu roqke+ ld uq~d+ aduilk ugiu id| comzkaw ris za~vieae n| noug moeas sazi~iuak|+uo na sq~a ld vl~uqa of uga qdea~k|ldb z~ldclzka ugiu ikk zosslnka comnldiulods i~a ld ficu~aiklpae$ Ugls qdea~k|ldb z~ldclzka cid na eaeqcae f~om uga z~ldclzka of ~aiklsm0 I zosslnka

comnldiulod ls oda rglcg cid na ugoqbgu$ 'Ugls ls z~aclsak| rg| Na~bmidd eoasdu vlari za~vieldb is i comnldiulod$, Uga elffa~adca nauraad i comzkaws naldb uga cisa ide lusfilkldb uo na uga cisa roqke ugad na dougldb nqu icuqiklu|s za~vieldb uga comzkaw uo na ugacisa$ Ide ugls roqke onvloqsk| u~lbba~ id lddlua ~ab~ass$ 'Saa nakor+ m| 5ug on`aculod ld>$,

I fq~uga~ nqu raiha~ ~aisod fo~ filkldb uo ikkor i comzkaws naldb za~vieae n|i moea uo na somaugldb ova~ ide inova uga comzkaw lusakf ls ugiu+ ra~a lu idouga~ adulu|+lu roqke na i comzkaw oda sqcg ugiu dacassi~lk| uga blvad comzkaw+ z+ roqke na za~vieaen| icuqiklu| lff lus naldb so za~vieae ra~a ld uq~d za~vieae n| icuqiklu| ide so od8 rglcgroqke na uga cisa lff zs naldb za~vieae n| zouaduliklu| ra~a za~vieae n| zouaduliklu| ide

so od$ Ugls roqke na uga cisa lff zs filkldb uo na za~vieae n| icuqiklu| 'idouga~+ elffa~aducomzkaw, ra~a za~vieae n| zouaduliklu|+ ide so od$ Ikk uga mquqik aduilkmadus awz~assaen| uga nlcodelulodik fo~mqkia roqke na dacassi~|$

Icco~eldb uo Na~bmidd+ is zqu fo~ri~e ld XNa~bmidd+ 9


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Na~bmidds Dar Oduokob| ide Iccoqdu of ^akiulods

elie ls dacassi~lk| icuqik+ is id| zouadulik elie ls noqde uo na zouadulik$ 'Fo~ uga odk| dacasslu|codcazu Na~bmidd ikkors fo~ ld gls iccoqdu ls idik|ulclu| ide ga ~achods ikk leadulu| o~elva~slu| fo~mqkia is idik|ulc+ sldca ni~~ldb uga uro ifo~amadulodae awcazulods ld gls

LK do uro awz~asslods ava~ suide fo~ uga sima adulu|$, Sulkk+ dacassi~lk| zouadulik is uga| i~a+uga elffa~adca nauraad i ugldb ide lusakf+ is rakk is lus leadulu| uo id|ugldb aksa i~a ikk ugasima ~aik adululas+ rglcg+ Na~bmidd coduades+ awlsu ide cid na ugoqbgu$ Dor+ Na~bmiddsi~bqmadu ibildsu uga awlsuadca of ro~es suideldb fo~ ciuabo~las o~ QS ls ugiu+ ra~a uga~asqcg ro~es+ saduadcas coduildldb ugam is rakk is ugal~ dabiulods coqke na sile idecodsayqaduk| ikso ugoqbgu+ rga~ais i ugldb of i ca~uild ciuabo~|s dou naldb of ugiu ciuabo~|ls qdugldhinka$ Nqu ls dou is naldb uga sima is aicg ide ava~| adulu| is qdugldhinka isb~aaddass filkldb uo na i qdlva~sik?

99$ Saa XQdba~+ 9


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ide fo~ id| eaua~mldiua+ p+ p awamzklas Twz ldismqcg is lu ls u~qa ugiu zXw/p]+ ugad+ of coq~sa+ga roqke glu i sdib$ Fo~ ugad ikk eaua~mldiuas roqke giva uo nakodb uo uga sima ciuabo~|+ugiu of naldb aluga~ leadulcik uo o~ elffa~adu f~om id| blvad eaua~mldiua$ Ugls ls id awcakkadu

~aisod fo~ Na~bmidd uo sui| ckai~ of id| sqcg sazi~iulod z~ldclzka+ aluga~ ld ugiu su~odb ideqdyqiklae fo~mqkiulod o~ ld id| ouga~ fo~m$, Sacode+ uga~a ciddou avad na elffa~adu z~oza~ulasof awlsuadca rglcg i~a ciuabo~likk| noqdeae+ sldca+ lf id| sqcg z~oza~u| awlsus+ lu ls awamzklaen| ava~| eaua~mldiua rlugld lus ~idba+ ide ugqs+ fo~ id| sqcg eaua~mldiua+ w+ ugiu w awamzklasawlsuadca 'of uga ~akavidu ciuabo~|, rlkk na i ficu$ Nqu fo~ i dqmna~ of ~aisods+ ugls ciddouna uga cisa$ Sqcg iuomlc ficus roqke na idik|ulc 'codu~i~| uo i nislc uadau of Na~bmiddsoduokob| ide ugao~| of hdorkaeba,$ Ide id| sqcg ficus dabiulod mlbgu na qdugldhinka+ ideuga~afo~a dodawlsuadu+ sldca lu mi| saam eoqnufqk rgauga~ lu mihas sadsa uo ugldh of o~avad adua~uild of id adulu| ugiu lu eoas dou awlsu$ 'Lu mi| saam ugiu ra ugldh ugiu lu coqkegiva filkae uo awlsu8 nqu sq~ak| Na~bmidd rlkk ~azk| ugiu+ od sacode ugoqbgu+ ra sgoqke doulca

ugiu do sqcg zosslnlklu| cid onuild+ sldca+ lf fo~ z uo na uga cisa ls codu~ielcuo~|+ so ikso fo~z uo na inka uo na uga cisa$ Ide fo~ id adulu| dou uo awlsu ls i codu~ielcuo~| suiua of iffil~s$Ugiu i~bqmadu+ gorava~+ mlbgu na coqdua~ae n| zolduldb oqu ugiu codu~ielcuo~| comzkawaseo awlsu icco~eldb uo Na~bmidd$ Avad so+ id awlsuadu codu~ielcuo~| comzkaw ls+ icco~eldbuo glm+ dodiuomlc o~ aksa i elie$, Fq~uga~mo~a+ odk| slmzkas awamzklf| z~oza~ulas ikk ouga~eaua~mldiuas naldb z~oza~u|-kass$

Awlsuadca ls dou avad i sqneaua~mldiua+ ikugoqbg uga ~aisods fo~ ugiu i~a sq~ak| mo~aldu~lciua ide kass zkild$ Iu id| ~iua+ rgiu L rlsg uo qdea~klda ls ugiu+ sgoqke ra zqu qz rlugawlsuadus awlsuldb rlugoqu awlsuadca+ rg| dou adeq~a nkich zi~ulcqki~s naldb nkich rlugoqunkichdass ide so od? Iemluuaek|+ uga~a i~a szaclik ~aisods ibildsu iccazuldb awlsuadca+ nqu

ugiu ls naslea uga zoldu$ Uga zoldu ls ugiu+ lf oda uq~ds domldiklsu is ~abi~es awlsuadca+ gacid ld awicuk| uga sima ri| uq~d domldiklsu is ~abi~es z~oza~ulas ide ~akiulods ld bada~ik+ugqs amn~icldb oqu~lbgu Sakki~slidlsm$ Ra cid ikri|s falbd uo qdea~suide ls nkich is ielic~lulcik mi~h o~ syqlbbka ld vl~uqa of rglcg i ls nkich elffa~s f~om i ls rglua+ uga fo~ma~suiuamadu commluuldb uga szaiha~ uo '~acobdlpldb, nkich ugldbs+ uga kiuua~ uo rglua ugldbs izz~oz~liua maisq~as of zi~izg~isa naldb uihad fo~ uga cisas of sqn`acu-zoslulod z~oza~u|ua~ms+ ld vl~uqa of i ~aisodinka z~ldclzka of sqza~vadladca+ rglcg mi| na iccazuae n| i ~aiklsu+vlp$ ugiu i qdlva~sik ciddou giva i z~oza~u| rlugoqu iu kaisu soma of lus ldfa~lo~s 'adululasugiu awamzklf| lu, naldb ld soma ri| o~ ouga~ moelae o~ iffacuae uga~an|$ Uga domldiklsuugqs cid codckqea ugiu+ avad ugoqbg ld soma cisas ra eodu hdor rgiu uga z~oza~ zi~izg~isals+ ra eo hdor ugiu uga~a ls soma sqcg zi~izg~isa$ Sgi~ldb Na~bmidds ~aiklsu codvlculods+L ~a`acu sqcg i domldiklsu bimnlu+ nqu ikk i~bqmadus L giva naad inka uo eavakoz fo~ nichldbqz ~aiklsm roqke+ qzod oq~ ikkorldb fo~ i commlumadu uo awlsuadus rlugoqu awlsuadca+ aluga~c~qmnka ikuobauga~ o~ iu kaisu kosa ugal~ su~adbug ide nacoma eazadeadu qzod codu~isu-z~ldclzkasrglcg saam uo na glbgk| yqasulodinka$93

93$ Rlkf~le Sakki~s eavakozae gls domldiklsulc iccoqdu ld i dqmna~ of ziza~s$ Saa+ a$b$+ XSakki~s+ 9


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9:ug Onàculod

M| dik bada~ik onàculod ibild codca~ds moeas$ Sldca Na~bmidds oduokob| ls ckai~k|i fo~m of dao-I~lsuouaklid g|komo~zglsm+ kau ma comzi~a gls eocu~lda inoqu moeas rlugI~lsuoukas$ Fo~ I~lsuouka+ uga~a ls ld ava~| icuqik ugldb+ ni~~ldb i zq~a Icuqiklu| klha Boe+i z~ldclzka of lus icuqiklu| uobauga~ rlug i zouaduliklu| z~ldclzka rglcg ~acalvas ide codu~icusuga fo~ma~$ So I~lsuouka cid ld i ri| rglcg+ gorava~+ n~lsukas rlug elfflcqkulas awzkildgor uro ugldbs cid sgi~a oda sima icuqiklu| o~ fo~m 'fo~m ikri|s naldb uga icuqiklu|z~ldclzka,$ Ugiu Na~bmidd ciddou eo$ Noug gls moeas i~a mo~a klha I~lsuoukas fo~ms 'avadugoqbg+ uo na sq~a+ Na~bmidd glmsakf ci~afqkk| ide riucgfqkk| ~ami~hs ugiu gls moeas i~adou Na~bmiddlid fo~ms i Na~bmiddlid fo~m naldb dougldb ova~ ide inova uga adulu| ugiugis lu,$ I moea ls sgi~ae n| sava~ik comzkawas$ Dor+ uga~a ls do sqcg adulu| is uga moeasza~vieldb uga comzkaw$ Ikk ugls ra hdor$ Daluga~ ls uga~a id| comzoqde miea qz n| nouguga comzkaw ide uga moea$ Gor+ ugad+ cid uro comzkawas sgi~a ugal~ moea? Fo~+ uga~a ls

dougldb ld ugam rglcg cid na uga moea ide rglcg ikso cid na ld ouga~ comzkawas$

3$ ON@ACULODS UO NA^BMIDDS ICCOQDU OF ÂKIULODS

L sgikk dor codslea~ onàculods iee~assae uo Na~bmidds u~aiumadu of ~akiulods z~oza~'l$a$+ elffa~adca ide leadulu| is rakk is `qdculods nauraad comzkawas ide mamna~sglz rglcgls fo~ dor naldb sleasuazzae,$ Rgiu su~lhas ma is zi~ulcqki~k| lmzkiqslnka inoqu ugls iccoqduof ~akiulods ls ugiu lu imoqdus uo si|ldb ugiu is givldb ~ uo n ls dougldb nqu uga >-uqzkas ;i+n4awamzklf|ldb ~+ z~ovleae ugiu ra b~idu 'rgiu ls eoqnufqk+ is L sgikk sgo~uk| qdea~klda, ugiuNa~bmidds iccoqdu of i dod~akiulodik ficu ls id ieayqiua ri| of codsu~qldb i zi~ulcqki~sawamzklf|ldb i z~oza~u|$ Fo~+ lf is awamzklf|ldb z~oza~u| b ls dougldb aksa nqu uga elies'i+b, naldb ckqdb uo n| awamzklciulod 'uga ckldbldb ld yqasulod naldb dougldb iu ikk+ douavad i ula o~ i sqneaua~mldiua rglcg+ n| uga ri|+ ~ayql~as ugiu ikk oq~ elscoq~sa inoqu luls dodsadsa,+ ugad uga elies ';i+n4+~, naldb ckqdb uo n| awamzklciulod ls noqde uo na dougldb

aksa nqu ;i+n4s awamzklf|ldb ~$ Dor ;i+n4 ls dougldb aksa nqu 'i+'i+n,,+ l$a$+ i 'i n,$ Ugau~qa sqnàcu of uga awamzklciulod of ~ ls+ od ugiu idik|sls+ uga elffa~adca nauraad i ide isnaldb elffa~adu f~om n$ Rgiuava~ aksa cid na sile fo~ o~ ibildsu ugls izz~oicg+ ugiu ficu ikodasaams uo ma i mosu qdzikiuinka ~asqku$ M| kovldb m| rlfa ls ca~uildk| dou uga sima is kovasnaldb awamzklae n | m| naldb ouga~ ugid m| naldb elffa~adu f~om m| rlfa$ Lu ls+ ldsuaie+L rgo awamzklas kova$

Doulca ugiu uga qsqik sau-ugao~aulcik idik|sls of ~akiulods ls mqcg kass qdnaklavinka$ Racid+ iknalu somargiu i~ulclikk|+ codsu~qa kova is i z~oza~u| of o~ea~ae zil~s+ lf o~ea~ae zil~si~a saus of saus$ Uga sau rgosa odk| uro mamna~s i~a Rluubadsualds sldbkauod ide uga ckisscomz~lsldb `qsu Rluubadsuald ide Raldldba~ cid na sile uo nakodb uo ieml~iulod$ 'Ugoqbgqddiuq~ik+ ugls iu kaisu koohs nai~inka$, Ifua~ ikk+ ugiu sau 'uo zqu lu ld Na~bmidds ro~es,awgiqsus lus diuq~a biuga~ldb lduo i sldbka eaua~mldiua+ vlp$+ lusakf+ ikk ide odk| ugosa


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eaua~mldiuas rglcg siulsf| lus adqma~iulod ckiqsa XNa~bmidd+ 9]+ ikk of rglcgnagiva uga sima ri|$ Nqu dougldb of uga so~u cid na sile inoqu elies is Na~bmidd idik|sasugam$ Uga cl~cqmsuidca 'rae o~eldi~lk| si| ficu, ugiu i ls elffa~adu f~om somaugldb

aksa+ n 'l$a$+ is naldb ouga~ ugid n,+ ls sq~ak| somaugldb rglcg+ iu kaisu ld i sadsa+ sazi~iuasi f~om n o~ ldua~zosas lusakf nauraad ugam ~iuga~ ugid |ohldb o~ biuga~ldb ugam$

'Sgoqke Na~bmidd ~azk| ugiu L im mlsuihldb gls elies fo~ elva~slu|-ficus+ fo~ rglcguga~a ls do ~oom ld gls oduokob|+ L roqke ~azk| ugiu+ ikugoqbg uga| i~a dou ficus ld Na~bmiddsuacgdlcik sadsa+ uga| i~a cl~cqmsuidcas rglcg i~a icuqik o~ zouadulik icco~eldb is ugal~ urocodsuluqadus i~a elffa~adu o~ uga sima$ I slbd maidldb i elie ls u~qa lff uga elie ls icuqik+ouga~rlsa fiksa$ I elies dabiulod 'l$a$+ dabiulods ckldbldb uo uga elie, ls uga cl~cqmsuidcaof noug codsuluqadus naldb oda ide uga sima$ Is o~eldi~lk| qdea~suooe n| sau-ugao~lsus i ckissciddou na issa~uae o~ eadlae$ Lf lu coqke na eadlae+ uga dabiulod mlbgu maid uga ckisssdodawlsuadca+ l$a$+ uga kich of i kldh qdluldb o~ fisuadldb uga ckisss mamna~s uobauga~ lduo

i cokkaculod$ I Na~bmiddlid elies dabiulod ls+ ldsuaie+ id leadulu| nauraad uga uro ldvokvaeua~ms+ somaugldb rglcg òlds o~ coqzkas ugam mo~a ckosak| ugid uga elie$ XSaa Na~bmidd+9:2+ ide d$96+ z$ >:+ ugiu suiuamadu cid na u~qugfqkk| miea$ Uga elffa~adca ld yqasulodawamzklas+ sldca lu awamzklas mid| z~oza~ulas+ a$b$+ awlsuadca+ naldb ugoqbgu inoqu+ ide

mid| ouga~s$ Nqu dougldb of uga so~u cid na b~iduae Na~bmidd$ Inova ikk+ lu mqsu na ldslsuaeugiu ugls roqke giva nqu kluuka uo eo rlug Easci~uas naldb z~oqe$,

Kau ma dor n~ldb qz i mo~a lmzo~uidu zoldu codca~dldb Na~bmidds idik|sls of nougdod~akiulodik ide ~akiulodik iuomlc ficus$ Rgiu ra giva ls somaugldb klha I~lsuouaklidg|komo~zglsm$ Id adulu| rglcg kichs sakfnaldb 'odulc sazi~inkadass ide+ of coq~sa+ icuqiklu|,+l$a$+ awamzklciulod+ n| ckldbldb uo i elie 'rglcg+ qdklha I~lsuoukas z~lma miuua~ cid naicuqik n| lusakf, mihas uga elie lduo i dar comzkaw adulu| 'rglcg+ qdklha I~lsuoukas +cid na ma~ak| zouadulik,$ Uga ckldbldb ula ls dougldb$ Odca uga elie ide awamzklciulodi~a uga~a+ uga kiuua~s ckldbldb uo uga fo~ma~ ls uga~a uoo$ 'Ugiu+ of coq~sa+ ~ilsas id lssqa eaikurlug iu uga ade of onàculod > ld >$, Klha I~lsuoukas sqnsuidulik fo~m+ awamzklciulod daaesdo ldua~maeli~| o~ bo-nauraad u|ldb lu uo lus ~acalvldb sqnsu~iuqm$ Nqu ugad uga elffa~adcanauraad uga elie 'Fow+ rglbdass, ide uga ficu of awamzklciulods ckldbldb uo ugiu elie lsugiu uga oda cid na zouadulik ide uga ouga~ icuqik$

Ld ikk ficus ikkorae fo~ rlugld Na~bmidds ciuabo~lik iccoqdu of ficus+ uga elie ckqdb-uols noqde uo na icuqik+ rglka ugiu elies naldb ckqdb uo n| awamzklciulod mi| na aluga~zouadulik o~ icuqik$ Rgad lu ls icuqik+ L saa do elffa~adca nauraad uga elie ide uga ficu$Awamzklciulod filks uo zki| avad uga I~lsuouaklid ~oka of icuqiklpldb lus ~acalvldb sqnsu~iuqm+ide+ dou naldb codòldae o~ noqde uo uga elie n| id| coddaculod iu ikk+ kichs mo~aova~ id|sakfnaldb o~ zacqkli~ diuq~a+ zg|slobdom|+ o~ rgiu giva |oq$ 'Lu ls insokquak| qdckisslinka+

fikks qdea~ do QS+ ide gis do faiuq~a o~ z~oza~u|+ dou avad i uglsdass of lus ord+ sldca luls dou i ugldb$, L cid saa do zacqkli~ yqiklu| o~ u~ilu rglcg lu cid codu~lnqua uo o~ nasuor odi comzkaw rglcg lu adua~s$ Lf ugiu comzkaw coduilds+ nasleas lu+ `qsu idouga~ adulu| rglcg ls


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Na~bmidds Dar Oduokob| ide Iccoqdu of ^akiulods 9>

cgidbae$ Ugqs+ lf ra rlsg uo ~az~asadu is awamzklf|ldb b+ ra adcl~cka uobauga~ uga slbdsb ide i ide ugqs ~az~asadu uga elie b i$ Ra mi| ugad r~lua uga awamzklciulod slbd dai~uga cl~cka ide e~ir idouga~ cl~cka sq~~oqdeldb noug uga ~su cl~cka ide uga awamzklciulod

slbd$ Kau qs inn~avliua is z uga ~asqkuldb ldsc~lzulod$ Lf ra rlsg uo r~lua zy+ ra r~luaz ide y ld id| o~ea~ ide adckosa ugam ld i dar cl~cka+ r~luldb uga cod`qdculod slbd dawuuo ugiu cl~cka+ ide dikk| adckosldb ikk of ugls rlugld i dar cl~cka$ N| vl~uqa of uga oduokoblcikcidods 'ide+ uga~afo~a+ n| vl~uqa of uga rakk-fo~maedass ~qkas rglcg i~a ugal~ s|duiculccoqdua~zi~us, ikk imnlbqlu| ls elszakkae$ Uga sacode ide foq~ug cl~ckas ciddou ~az~asadu elies+sldca awamzklciulod ide cod`qdculod i~a dou eaua~mldiuas$ Fo~ uga ~su ide ugl~e cl~ckas i~aelic~lulcik mi~hs fo~ naldb-elva~sa-f~om+ rga~ais uga ouga~ uro i~a elsimnlbqiuldb iqwlkli~|s|mnoks klha coqzkas of miuldb zi~adugasas$ Uga ~amildldb eauilks cid na sifak| lbdo~ae ga~a$

Kau ma dor n~la| commadu od ikk of uga inova$ Is fi~ is L hdor+ uga ~su uo givazolduae oqu uga kldai~lu| of kidbqiba 'o~+ mo~a awicuk|+ uga kldai~lu| of kldbqlsulc massibas,

ris Fa~eldide ea Siqssq~a ld gls Coq~s ea Kldbqlsulyqa bd~ika$ Ide ugiu eocu~lda gisnaad uihad ova~ n| ikk su~qcuq~iklsus Xsaa Mi~uldau+ 9


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Na~bmidds Dar Oduokob| ide Iccoqdu of âkiulods >3

Nqu+ of coq~sa+ ouga~ idik|pas i~a ivilkinka 'a$b$+ uga RZ izz~oicg91 o~ u~idsfo~miulodikiccoqdus,$ Ugasa ikua~diulva idik|pas roqke su~ass uga l~~akavidc| of kldai~ o~ea~ ld sqcg cisas$

Lu roqke saam ugiu uga uro z~ocaeq~as n| rglcg diuq~ik kidbqiba n~aihs zi~ulikk| koosaf~om uga sri| of kldai~ o~ea~ i~a yqlua elffa~adu ide oqbgu dou uo na ~qd uobauga~$ Uga~afo~a+Gocgna~bs ~azk| uo Na~bmidds eakldai~lpiulod z~ob~im XGocgna~b+ 9] mlbguna ugoqbgu uo na qdcodvldcldb+ sldca ikk Gocgna~b iccomzklsgas rlug lu ls zi~ulikk| sqza~saeldbuga lmzo~uidca of kldai~ o~ea~ vli ~aso~u uo ldaculodik mi~hs$ i^n coqke na r~luuad+ si|+is i^n+ rlug i easldadca of uga sqnàcu o~ ~afa~adu+ klha i domldiulva+ so is uo mihauga kiuua~ fo~mqki su~lcuk| ayqlvikadu uo ^ni+ ni^+ în+ ide so od 'slw ld ikk ibild rlug kich of naldb i pa~o-mo~zgama ldelciuldb uga ~oka of ~akiuqm o~ ua~m+ l$a$+ i so~uof iccqsiulva,$

Rgiu L ridu uo qdea~klda ls ugiu Na~bmidds ord eakldai~lpiulod ls dou qdklha ugiu oda$U~qa+ slbd comnldiulods i~a dor ikkorae ikodb uro elmadslods ~iuga~ ugid `qsu oda+ ugqsmihldb lu zosslnka uo iklbd uro comnldae s|mnoks ld lddluak| mid| ri|s+ dou `qsu ld urois ld uga cisa of i oda elmadslodik kidbqiba$ Ugasa lddluak| mid| ri|s+ gorava~+ mlbguna ~abi~eae is fikkldb lduo `qsu albgu cidodlcik comnldiulods+ els~abi~eldb smikka~ elffa~adcasis mid| sqcg elffa~adcas i~a dabkacuae ld uga qsqik oda-kldai~ douiulod$ Ugiu eoas dou maid+gorava~+ ugiu kldai~ o~ea~ gis naad eoda iri| rlug$ Lu ls sulkk uga~a+ ugoqbg lu gis nacomai ma~ak| zi~ulik o~ea~$ Nasleas uga fo~ma~k| awlsuldb kldai~ o~ea~+ idouga~ kldai~ o~ea~ gisnaad ieeae ikodb i sacode elmadslod$ Eo ugasa o~ea~s miuua~? Lu eavokvas qzod uga s|suamsiwloms ide ldfa~adca ~qkas uo sauuka uga lssqa$ Nqu sqcg ls uga cisa fo~ oda-kldai~ kidbqibasuoo$

Uga cisa of z~osoelc o~ sqz~isabmaduik slbds ls slmlki~+ sldca lu cid na ~az~asaduaeis ieeldb aluga~ `qsu oda o~ sava~ik fq~uga~ elmadslods$ Ld soma cisas uga elffa~adcas ugqsicglavae i~a samidulcikk| l~~akavidu 'ikugoqbg uga| cid ide ofuad eo miuua~ f~om i z~ibmiulcvlarzoldu,+

M| dik commadu od Na~bmidds eakldai~lpiulod ls ugiu ra oqbgu uo codcalva r~luuadkidbqiba slbds is r~luldb icus ~iuga~ ugid r~luuad ldsc~lzulods$ So uga kldai~ o~ea~ fo~ ugiukidbqiba ls i uamzo~ik oda$ Klharlsa+ ra gie nauua~ kooh qzod va~nik kidbqiba slbds is szaacgicus+ dou is soqdes$ Ld ficu+ zgodokoblsus giva ikri|s uadeae uo codcalva of zgodamas ideslbdlf|ldb comnldiulods uga~aof ld `qsu ugls ri|+ z~afa~~ldb id i~ulcqkiuo~| iccoqdu uo idicoqsulc oda$ Rgiu maids Zi~ls ls id icu of si|ldb Zi~ls$ Ugiu cgidbas uga adul~a oqukooh

codca~dldb i slbds givldb occq~~adcas rlugld idouga~$ Klua~ikk| lu lsdu u~qa ugiu i'd icu of,si|ldb Zaua~ ls ga~a occq~s ld o~ ls zi~u of i'd icu of, si|ldb Zaua~ ls ga~a o~ uga~a$ Klharlsa+

91$ Z~onkams ficae n| kldbqlsus i~a dou qdklha oq~ ord Zglkosozglcik z~onkams$ Ugqs fo~ ldacuae kidbqibasi dqmna~ of ikua~diulvas i~a cidvissae+ aicg f~iqbgu rlug lus ord elfflcqkulas$ Oda of ugosa s|duiculc ikua~diulvasls uga RZ izz~oicg 'f~om Ro~e Zi~ielbm,+ icco~eldb uo rglcg i ro~e klha uga Kiuld+ gosulqm+ ls uo nauihad is i dodcomzoslua rgoka+ ldsuaie of naldb ~abi~eae is i su~ldb of mo~zgamas maidldb adam|+ zkq~ik+

badlulva+ ugad somagor imikbimiuae o~ nkq~~ae$ Imodb kldbqlsus givldb eavakozae uga RZ izz~oicg+ Lcid madulod ^$G$ ônlds$ Saa id ldu~oeqcuo~| iccoqdu ld XMiuugars+ 9


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uga ~akiulod nauraad si|ldb i^n ide si|ldb i+ ^+ ide n ls dou iccq~iuak| su|kae i rgoka-zi~us ~akiulod$96

Uga sacode zoldu L rlsg uo miha inoqu Na~bmidds LK codca~ds elic~lulcik mi~hs$Icco~eldb uo Na~bmidd+ elic~lulcik mi~hs suide fo~ dougldb nqu+ dava~ugakass+ elscgi~ba ielsimnlbqiuldb uish$ So+ a$b$+ 'i+n, 'o~ ;i+n4+ is Na~bmidd ckilms gls ckiss ugao~|~ayql~as, suides fo~ uga cl~cqmsuidca of is nakodbldb uo n+ rga~ais lusakf suides fo~ dougldb$Rgiu ls ro~ug amzgislpldb ls ugiu rgauga~ somaugldb ls i slbd o~ i ma~a elic~lulcik mi~hsls fo~ uga s|duiculclsu uo eaclea is i fqdculod of gls samidulc 'ide+ ld kisu ~aso~u+ oduokoblcik,codvlculods$ I Sakki~slid 'o~ U~icui~lid-Sakki~slid, ugao~lsu cid ~acodsu~qa id| blvad kidbqiban| cikkldb mid| e~ird kldas o~ ldh u~icas ma~a elic~lulcik mi~hs+ l$a$+ ma~a faiuq~as of i ca~uildcomzkaw slbds sgiza dou slbds ld ugal~ ord ~lbgu$ Ide+ of coq~sa+ ca~uild sqcg ldh-u~icasof i domldiklsulcikk| eavlsae kidbqiba+ rglcg ra~a easlbdae uo sa~va is elic~lulcik mi~hs+mi| na ~acodsu~qae is eadouldb-slbds n| i ~aiklsu eaclzga~a~$ 'Avad Sakki~slid nkidhs cid

na so codsu~qae+ is sgord n| Rlkhld XRlkhld+ 9


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ugasls$ Uga~afo~a+ Na~bmidds LK eoasdu sqzzo~u+ is ga izzi~aduk| awzacus+ gls ord oduokoblcikvlars$ Nqu zkaisa doua ugiu ugasa commadus i~a dou easlbdae uo sqzzo~u oduokoblcik ~akiulvlu|o~ id|ugldb of ugiu so~u+ nqu ~iuga~ uo sgor ugiu+ avad ugoqbg i ca~uild ri| of koohldb iu

kidbqiba 's|duiculcikk| is rakk is samidulcikk|, boas gide ld gide rlug i ca~uild ri| ofvlarldb uga ro~ke+ sulkk 'qsldb i, kidbqiba n| lusakf daluga~ commlus qs uo id| zi~ulcqki~oduokob| do~ ~aklavas qs f~om id| sqcg commlumadu$ Lu commlus qs uo soma oduokob| o~ ouga~odk| eazadeldb qzod sqcg maugoeokoblcik z~ldclzkas is ra mi| aszoqsa Ugls ls rg| ugava~| adua~z~lsa of codsu~qculdb id LK saams uo ma fqulka$ I s|mnoklc douiulod+ qsae ikodbrlug scgamiulc kauua~s+ ls of qumosu qsafqkdass fo~ ~az~asaduldb 'soma faiuq~as of, szohadkidbqiba za~szlcqoqsk|+ ld i ciucgldb-uga-a|a so~u of ri|$ Ugqs codcalvae of+ i s|mnoklcdouiulod ls+ gorava~+ dou i kidbqiba$ Fq~uga~mo~a+ lf id oduokoblcik eocu~lda cid na sile idemiea sadsa of+ aluga~ lu ls sile ld diuq~ik kidbqiba rglcg ra 'goza ra, qdea~suide+ o~ aksalu ls sau fo~ug ld id i~ulclik kidbqiba rglcg+ lf lu cid na qdea~suooe iu ikk+ ls uo na u~idskiuae

lduo diuq~ik kidbqiba$ 'Ugls ~ami~h ls dou i eadlik ugiu ro~ugrglka ldslbgus cid na bildaeug~oqbg i~ulclik douiulods lf uga| i~a uihad ld uga ri| L giva `qsu zolduae oqu$,

IZZADELW0 RLKSODS ISSASSMADU OF UGA LDAFFINLKLU\ LSSQAUga lssqa of ldaffinlklu|+ elscqssae inova ld uga 9su on`acu of >+ gis naad uihad qziu kadbug n| F~ae Rlksod XRlksod+ 9


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CODCKQSLOD

L giva fo~ |ai~s gake Na~bmidd uo na oda of oq~ ibas 'far, mauizg|slclids$ L imcodeadu ga noug easa~vas ide rlkk onuild id godoq~ae zoslulod ld uga glsuo~| of zglkosozg|$Ga gis uga ma~lu of givldb coma uo b~lzs rlug fqdeimaduik oduokoblcik yqasulods+ uihldb uganqkk n| uga go~ds$ Lf gls b~ide iuuamzu comas oqu qdsqccassfqk ld uga ade+ ugiu ls uga mi~hof i daae fo~ i ~ielcik ikua~diulva+ kaibqas iri| f~om uga naiuad u~ich 'id ikua~diulva sqcgis uga shaucg| ~ami~hs ld dd$ 9>+ 95+ ide 96 ilm iu,$

^AFA^ADCAS

Idbakakkl+ L$ 9


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Gocgna~b+ G$ 9


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Na~bmidds Dar Oduokob| ide Iccoqdu of ^akiulods >

lorenzo peña: bergmann's new ontology and account of relations

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